动脉自旋标记成像评估颈内动脉狭窄患者脑血流量

目的探讨以动脉自旋标记(ASL)成像评估颈内动脉狭窄患者脑血流量(CBF)的可行性。方法对30例一侧颈内动脉狭窄患者分别行MR平扫、DWI、三维时间飞跃(3D-TOF)及ASL序列扫描。根据3D-TOF序列图像将颈内动脉狭窄程度分为轻度、中度及重度,分别计算并对比健侧、患侧基底核区、半卵圆中心、前分水岭区、额叶皮质及颞叶皮质CBF。结果一侧颈内动脉轻度狭窄11例、中度狭窄9例、重度狭窄10例。轻度及中度狭窄患者健侧与患侧基底核区、半卵圆中心、前分水岭区、额叶皮质及颞叶皮质CBF差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05),而重度狭窄患者健侧脑区CBF均高于患侧(P均0.05)。上述脑区CBF值随狭窄程度增加而逐渐减小(P均0.05),颈内动脉狭窄程度与患侧大脑半球CBF呈高度负相关(r=-0.966,P0.001)。结论 ASL可定量、准确评估颈内动脉狭窄患者CBF,对指导临床治疗和评估疗效具有重要意义。     

高分辨率MR血管壁成像测量壁强化指数评估颅内动脉瘤不稳定性

目的探讨高分辨率MR(HRMR)血管壁成像(VWI)所测壁强化指数(WEI)评估颅内动脉瘤不稳定性的价值。方法回顾性分析174例未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者。以3D-DSA观察动脉瘤大小、位置、形态。基于HRMR血管壁成像主观评估是否有动脉瘤壁强化(AWE),并采用软件计算WEI。采用ELAPSS及PHASES评分评估动脉瘤生长风险及破裂风险。以Spearman相关分析观察WEI与动脉瘤生长及破裂风险的相关性。结果 174例患者共248个无症状未破裂颅内囊状动脉瘤,HRMR VWI示AWE 78个、无AWE 170个。AWE与无AWE动脉瘤大小、位置、形态、ELAPSS评分、生长风险、PHASES评分、5年破裂风险差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。AWE动脉瘤WEI高于无AWE动脉瘤(P0.001)。Spearman相关分析显示,WEI与动脉瘤3年、5年生长风险(r_s=0.40、0.40,P均0.01)及5年破裂风险(r_s=0.24,P0.01)均呈正相关。结论 HRMR VWI所测WEI越高,提示动脉瘤不稳定性越高。     

高分辨MRI评估单发未破裂颅内动脉瘤稳定性

目的观察高分辨MRI(HR-MRI)评估单发未破裂颅内动脉瘤(IA)稳定性的价值。方法回顾性分析63例单发未破裂IA患者,其中稳定组32例及不稳定组31例,均接受平扫及增强HR-MR检查。对比2组一般资料及MRI所示动脉瘤位置、形态、强化形式和强化指数,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,评估相关参数鉴别不稳定与稳定IA的效能。结果稳定组与不稳定组患者年龄、性别、既往史差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);组间IA形态、是否为分叉动脉瘤及强化指数差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01),而位置、瘤颈宽度、瘤体深度和宽度、强化形式差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,强化指数鉴别稳定与不稳定IA的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.82,敏感度81.7%,特异度71.9%。结论 HR-MRI可用于评估未破裂IA的稳定性。     

压缩感知及梯度自旋回波序列优化3D MR胰胆管成像图像质量的可行性

目的 观察应用压缩感知(CS)及梯度自旋回波(GRASE)序列优化3D MR胰胆管成像(MRCP)图像质量的可行性。方法 回顾性分析105例因疑诊胆石症而接受1.5T MR常规呼吸触发MRCP(RT-MRCP)、RT-CS-MRCP、屏气GRASE-MRCP(BH-GRASE-MRCP)检查患者,比较3种MRCP图像质量及扫描时间。结果 除主胰管外,RT-MRCP与RT-CS-MRCP图像显示胰胆管各段及胆囊、胆囊管的主、客观评价结果差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。RT-MRCP及RT-CS-MRCP图像客观评价结果及背景抑制均优于BH-GRASE-MRCP(P均＜0.05),BH-GRASE-MRCP图像显示胰胆管各段及伪影的主观评分结果均优于RT-CS-MRCP,显示胆囊管及胆囊评分均优于RT-MRCP及RT-CS-MRCP(P均＜0.05)。相比RT-MRCP[394.00(341.00,432.00) s],RT-CS-MRCP[144.50(105.25,150.00) s]及BH-GRASE-MRCP(15.40 s)的扫描时间明显缩短。结论 应用CS及GRASE可优化1.5T 3D MRCP图像质量并缩短扫描时间。     

颅内外动脉狭窄合并颅内动脉瘤同期血管内治疗的效果分析

目的探讨同期治疗颅内外动脉狭窄合并颅内动脉瘤的策略及临床效果。方法回顾性分析2013年4月至2018年9月于北京大学第一医院神经外科行同期血管内治疗的15例颅内外动脉狭窄合并颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料。男性6例,女性9例,年龄(63.9±9.1)岁(范围:43~79岁);动脉狭窄部位共15处,狭窄程度为75%~95%,其中前循环8处,后循环7处;动脉瘤共17个,最大径(5.3±1.2)mm(范围:3~7 mm),其中前循环动脉瘤11个、后循环动脉瘤6个。患者均行同期动脉狭窄支架成形及动脉瘤栓塞术治疗。记录患者围手术期及术后临床症状、影像学资料及并发症情况。结果15处动脉狭窄均成功置入支架(残余狭窄<30%);17个动脉瘤中,10个行单纯弹簧圈栓塞,7个行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,均完全栓塞。围手术期1例患者出现轻微脑梗死症状,其余未发生手术相关并发症。术后随访(43.8±8.2)个月(范围:24~85个月),患者术后6~12个月均复查数字减影血管造影,其中2例出现无症状性支架内再狭窄,所有动脉瘤未见复发。截至末次随访时,患者均未出现颅内出血、缺血性卒中等相关症状。结论颅内外动脉狭窄合并颅内动脉瘤应根据血管狭窄的部位、程度及动脉瘤的大小、形态、位置、数量及两者的位置关系等因素综合分析,制定个体化的治疗策略,给予同期血管内治疗可能是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

三维数字减影血管造影血管虚拟内镜成像在颅内动脉瘤诊治中的作用

目的探讨三维数字减影血管造影（three dimensional digital subtraction angiography,3D DSA）血管虚拟内镜成像在颅内动脉瘤诊治中的作用。方法回顾性分析53例颅内动脉瘤三维DSA血管虚拟内镜成像资料并应用三维DSA血管虚拟内镜成像随访术后载瘤血管及瘤颈残留情况。三维的旋转数字图像由脑血管造影机球管和影像增强器的同步2次240°旋转获得,应用Volume Viewer软件对原始三维图像进行重建,固定密度值并选取感兴趣区,用Navigator软件进行血管虚拟内镜成像,观察血管腔内结构。结果 53例术前三维DSA血管虚拟内镜成像清晰,共检出动脉瘤62个,其中动脉瘤体有穿支血管发出19例（15例手术证实）,动脉瘤内有血栓形成7例（4例手术证实）,载瘤动脉内有动脉粥样硬化斑块5例（3例手术证实）。术后31例3D DSA随访：28例未见瘤颈残留,2例出现载瘤动脉轻度狭窄;2例弹簧圈突入载瘤动脉血管腔内;1例动脉瘤栓塞后瘤颈复发残留,再次开颅夹闭动脉瘤。结论三维DSA血管虚拟内镜成像是一种安全有效的评估颅内动脉瘤管腔结构的方法,不仅可以用于动脉瘤的术前判断,指导手术方式的选择,也可以用于动脉瘤术后的随访,为明确术后载瘤动脉及瘤颈情况提供依据。     

不同术式颅内外血管搭桥在颅内动脉瘤治疗中的应用

目的 探讨不同术式颅内外血管搭桥术在颅内动脉瘤治疗中的作用。方法回顾性分析9例颅内动脉瘤患者闭塞载瘤动脉前行颅内外血管搭桥术的临床资料,载瘤动脉远端侧支循环代偿状况,不同术式颅内外血管搭桥术的手术方法等和方法。结果9例颅内动脉瘤患者载瘤动脉远端侧支循环代偿均不良,经多途径颅内外血管搭桥后闭塞了载瘤动脉,无载瘤动脉远端脑缺血现象发生结论对于载瘤动脉远端侧支循环代偿不良的患者,闭塞载瘤动脉前需根据其远端的脑血流需求选择不同途径的颅内外血管搭桥术,进行载瘤动脉远端的血流重建。     

颅内外动脉搭桥术在治疗颅内动脉瘤中的价值

显微神经外科技术和血管内治疗技术的进展使越来越多的颅内动脉瘤得以治愈 ,但是 ,仍有一部分颅内动脉瘤 ,主要为颅内巨大动脉瘤 ,因生长部位、瘤颈宽大或呈梭形生长等原因 ,难以通过手术或血管内治疗处理。在这种情况下 ,牺牲载瘤动脉的动脉瘤孤立术就成为治疗的可选方式。但对颅内侧支循环发育不良的病例 ,牺牲载瘤动脉可能导致术后缺血性脑梗塞。Yasargil等在动物实验的基础上 ,于 1967年与Donaghy等先后推出STA MCA搭桥术用于颅内闭塞性脑血管病的治疗 ,此后 ,该手术方式一度风靡世界 ,尤其在我国 ,使用STA MCA搭桥手术治疗了大量…     

超短回波时间磁共振成像应用进展

人体内所含各种组织的横向弛豫时间各不相同,有部分组织T2非常短,即短T2成分,常规MR序列无法采集相应组织的MR信号,即图像上无法显示。超短回波时间MRI作为一种可以显示短T2成分的序列,近年来得到了越来越多的应用。本文对超短回波时间MRI技术在多个系统中的应用做简要综述。     

未破裂颅内动脉瘤的研究进展

未破裂颅内动脉瘤（UIA）多因患者出现头痛或头晕等不适而行头颅影像检查时发现。UIA在普通人群中的患病率为1%～2%,但UIA的相关机制及破裂风险尚不统一,其中,动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）是较为严重的并发症,越来越引起人们的关注。因此,了解UIA破裂的影响因素、并发症发生率以及干预效果很重要。本文就UIA的患病率、危险因素、影像学监测作用以及UIA的筛查、治疗等进行综述。     

Risk factors for the association of intracranial and aortic aneurysms

Summary This study investigated the association of intracranial aneurysms and abdominal aortic aneurysms to elucidate the incidence and independent risk factors for this association. Ultrasonography of the abdominal aorta was performed in 181 patients with 224 intracranial aneurysms. Six patients had suffered subarachnoid haemorrhage and the others had chronic disease or no symptoms. Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for confirmation if abdominal aortic aneurysm was identified by ultrasonography. Thirteen patients (7.2%) with 23 intracranial aneurysms had abdominal aortic aneurysms. Univariate analysis demonstrated that age (p < 0.01), size of intracranial aneurysms (p < 0.001), male sex (p < 0.01), multiplicity of intracranial aneurysms (p < 0.001), history of cerebrovascular diseases (p < 0.05), and current smoking (p < 0.0001) were significantly different between patients with and without this association. Multiple logistic analysis indicated that age (odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.48, p < 0.01), multiplicity (OR 22.1, 95% confidence interval 1.83–266.3, p = 0.01), size of intracranial aneurysms (OR 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.10–0.54, p < 0.01), and current smoking (OR 33.3, 95% confidence interval 2.43–456.7, p = 0.01) were independent risk factors for the association. Patients with intracranial aneurysms who are older males with multiple or large intracranial aneurysms, and current smokers should be examined for abdominal aortic aneurysms using ultrasonography.     

ASL脑灌注成像的应用

ASL(arterial spin labeling)即动脉自旋标记技术，是一种以可自由弥散的水为内在示踪剂的MR灌注成像方法，它利用反转脉冲标记上游动脉血中的水质子，将下游成像层所获标记图像与没有标记的对照组减影而获得器官的血流量。十多年来，ASL已经在人类和动物身上的多种病理、生理情况下证明了其价值。本文综述其近年来的主要应用情况。     

零回波时间3.0T MRI用于检出肺癌结节

目的 观察零回波时间(ZTE)3.0T MRI检出肺癌结节的价值。方法 前瞻性纳入126例肺癌患者(共176个肺结节),以3.0T MR仪行肺部轴位ZTE成像和常规序列成像,包括T1容积内插屏气检查(VIBE)、T2刀锋序列(BLADE)及T2半傅里叶采集单次激发快速自旋回波(HASTE)序列扫描;分析ZTE MRI与CT显示肺结节特征的一致性,观察以不同MR序列检出肺结节的敏感度。结果 176个肺结节中,ZTE MRI检出140个、漏诊36个。ZTE MRI与CT显示肺结节最大径及其实性部分最大径的一致性均好(ICC=0.954、0.943,P均<0.001)且差异较小,显示气管血管束、胸膜凹陷及内部支气管充气征的一致性均好(Kappa=0.894、0.912、0.917),显示结节类型及形状的一致性中等(Kappa=0.661、0.501)。ZTE MRI检出肺结节的敏感度均高于其他单独MR序列(P均<0.05);ZTE与T2-BLADE组合的敏感度均高于其他序列组合(P均<0.05)。结论 ZTE 3.0T MRI检出肺癌结节的效能较好,优于常规MR序列;与T2-BLADE联合可进一步提高其敏感度。     

3D-TOF-MRA 在原发性三叉神经痛微血管减压术中的应用

目的：探讨磁共振成像技术在原发性三叉神经痛微血管减压术前诊断中的应用价值。方法38例原发性三叉神经痛患者经过三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像序列（3D-TOF-MRA）检查。结果38例患者中术前序列图像上显示血管神经压迫症状侧阳性率89．5％（34／38）,非症状侧阳性率15．8％（6／38）,两侧阳性率差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;手术中见周围血管压迫神经者36例（94．7％）,未压迫神经者2例（5．3％）,3D-TOF-MRA 诊断符合率97．1％（33／34）,术后症状消失或缓解37例（97．4％）。结论3D-TOF-MRA 可清楚地显示三叉神经与责任血管的关系,在原发性三叉神经痛微血管减压术术前诊断及术中显微定位中具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Usefulness of 3 Tesla Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Angiography (UTE-MRA,SILENT-MRA) for Evaluation of the Mother Vessel after Cerebral Aneurysm Clipping: Case Series of 19 Patients

It is important to assess the cerebral arteries near the clip after cerebral aneurysm clipping. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography has side effects of contrast medium and radiation exposure. Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) is a fast and non-invasive method, but clip-induced artifact limits the assessment around the clip. Recently, 3 tesla MRA with ultrashort echo time called SILENT MRA (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, UK) has been reported to have the potential to overcome these disadvantages. We herein present consecutive 19 cerebral aneurysm patients treated by clipping and evaluated using SILENT MRA. The 19 patients (15 women and 4 men) underwent TOF-MRA and SILENT MRA during the same scan session. Two neurosurgeons independently assessed the visibility of the mother vessel at the clipping site in TOF-MRA and SILENT MRA. We also investigated the factors related to visibility in SILENT MRA. All patients’ mother vessels were not described in TOF-MRA, and that of 16 patients (84%) were described in SILENT MRA. Overall agreement was 100% in the two neurosurgeons, and the fixed marginal kappa = 1.00 (95% CI: 0.36–1.00). Univariate analysis revealed that larger aneurysm dome and long clip blade length contributed to the visibility of the mother vessel in SILENT MRA. (p = 0.023, 0.007, each). In conclusion, SILENT MRA can be applied for the assessment of the arteries and aneurysm neck remnants near the clip. Using clips with long blade and ligation with its tip would be related to the visibility of the mother vessels in SILENT MRA.     

Single-center experience with the Neuroform stent for endovascular treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms

Background

Stent-assisted coiling is an accepted endovascular treatment (EVT) for wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. The Neuroform stent (Target Therapeutics, Fremont, Calif) is a flexible nitinol self-expandable stent that was designed to potentially overcome the limitations of balloon expandable coronary stents in the intracranial circulation. The aim of this study was to reenforce the use of this stent for EVT of wide-necked cerebral aneurysms.

Methods

Between March 2005 and March 2008, 24 patients harboring wide-necked cerebral aneurysms were treated with stent reconstruction of the aneurysm neck. Inclusion criteria restricted the group to adult patients with wide-necked intracranial aneurysms (ruptured and unruptured lesions). Immediate postprocedure angiography studies were performed to determine successful coil occlusion of the aneurysm as well as patency of the parent vessel. We assessed the clinical history, aneurysm dimensions, and technical detail of the procedures, including any difficulties with stent placement and deployment, degree of aneurysm occlusion, and complications. Clinical outcome was assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).

Results

The stent was easily navigated and precisely positioned in 24 of 26 cases. However, technical difficulties occurred in 9 patients, including difficulties in crossing the stents interstice in 6 cases, inadvertent stent delivery (n = 1), and incapacity of stent delivery (n = 1) and incapacity of crossing the neck (n = 1). These latter 2 cases were classified as failures of the stent-assisted technique. A single procedural complication occurred, involving transient nonocclusive intrastent thrombus formation, which was treated uneventfully with abciximab. Seventeen patients experienced excellent clinical outcomes (GOS 5), with good outcomes (GOS 4) in 5 patients and a poor outcome (GOS 3) in 2 patients. There were no treatment-related deaths or neurologic complications (mean clinical follow-up, 12 months). Angiographic results consisted of 17 complete occlusions, 4 neck remnants, and 3 incomplete occlusions.

Conclusions

The Neuroform stent is very useful for EVT of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms because it is easy to navigate and to deploy accurately. In most cases, the stent can be deployed precisely, even in very tortuous carotid siphons. Although in some cases delivery and deployment was challenging, clinically significant complications were not observed.