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Streptococcus suis serotype 2 sequence type 7 strains emerged in 1996 and caused a streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome in 1998 and 2005 in China. Evidence indicated that the virulence of S. suis sequence type 7 had increased, but the mechanism was unknown. The sequence type 7 strain SC84, isolated from a patient with streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome during the Sichuan outbreak, and the sequence type 1 strain 31533, a typical highly pathogenic strain isolated from a diseased pig, were used in comparative studies. In this study we show the mechanisms underlying cytokine production differed between the two types of strains. The S. suis sequence type 7 strain SC84 possesses a stronger capacity to stimulate T cells, naive T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation than does S. suis sequence type 1 strain 31533. The T cell response to both strains was dependent upon the presence of antigen-presenting cells. Histo-incompatible antigen-presenting cells were sufficient to provide the accessory signals to naive T cell stimulated by the two strains, indicating that both sequence type 7 and 1 strains possess mitogens; however, the mitogenic effect was different. Therefore, we propose that the difference in the mitogenic effect of sequence type 7 strain SC84 compared with the sequence type 1 strain 31533 of S. suis may be associated with the clinical, epidemiological and microbiological difference, where the ST 7 strains have a larger mitogenic effect. 相似文献
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M.C.O. Citó M.I.G. Silva L.K.X. Santos M.L. Fernandes F.H.C. Melo J.A.C. Aguiar I.S. Lopes P.B. Sousa S.M.M. Vasconcelos D.S. Macêdo F.C.F. Sousa 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2015,48(1):57-64
Hoodia gordonii is a plant species used traditionally in southern
Africa to suppress appetite. Recently, it has been associated with a significant
increase in blood pressure and pulse rate in women, suggesting sympathomimetic
activity. The present study investigated the possible antidepressant-like effects of
acute and repeated (15 days) administration of H. gordonii extract
(25 and 50 mg/kg, po) to mice exposed to a forced swimming test
(FST). Neurochemical analysis of brain monoamines was also carried out to determine
the involvement of the monoaminergic system on these effects. Acute administration of
H. gordonii decreased the immobility of mice in the FST without
accompanying changes in general activity in the open-field test during acute
treatment, suggesting an antidepressant-like effect. The anti-immobility effect of
H. gordonii was prevented by pretreatment of mice with PCPA [an
inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis], NAN-190 (a 5-HT1A antagonist),
ritanserin (a 5-HT2A/2C antagonist), ondansetron (a 5-HT3A
antagonist), prazosin (an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist), (a D1
receptor antagonist), yohimbine (an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist), and sulpiride (a
D2 receptor antagonist). A significant increase in 5-HT levels in the
striatum was detected after acute administration, while 5-HT, norepinephrine and
dopamine were significantly elevated after chronic treatment. Results indicated that
H. gordonii possesses antidepressant-like activity in the FST by
altering the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems. SCH23390相似文献
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Stefan Aretz Rossella Tricarico Laura Papi Isabel Spier Elisa Pin Sukanya Horpaopan Emanuela Lucci Cordisco Monica Pedroni Dietlinde Stienen Annamaria Gentile Anna Panza Ada Piepoli Maurizio Ponz de Leon Waltraut Friedl Alessandra Viel Maurizio Genuardi 《European journal of human genetics : EJHG》2014,22(7):923-929
MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) is an autosomal recessive adenomatous polyposis caused by biallelic germline mutations of the base-excision-repair gene MUTYH. In MAP patients of European origin, the combined allele frequency of the mutations p.Tyr179Cys and p.Gly396Asp ranges between 50 and 82%, while these mutations have not been identified in Far Eastern Asian populations, supporting the hypothesis that a founder effect has occurred at some point in European history. To investigate the natural history of the two common European MUTYH alleles, we genotyped six gene-flanking microsatellite markers in 80 unrelated Italian and German MAP patients segregating one or both mutations and calculated their age in generations (g) by using DMLE+2.2 software. Three distinct common haplotypes, one for p.Tyr179Cys and two for p.Gly396Asp, were identified. Estimated mutation ages were 305 g (95% CS: 271–418) for p.Tyr179Cys and 350 g (95% CS: 313–435) for p.Gly396Asp. These results provide evidence for strong founder effects and suggest that the p.Tyr179Cys and p.Gly396Asp mutations derive from ancestors who lived between 5–8 thousand years and 6–9 thousand years B.C., respectively. 相似文献