激光光凝联合眼球周旁注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑水肿疗效分析

目的观察格栅状激光光凝联合眼球周旁注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑水肿的疗效。方法对经眼底检查、眼底荧光血管造影及光学相干断层扫描确诊的弥漫性和(或)囊样黄斑水肿23例(23只眼)行眼球周旁注射曲安奈德40 gL~(-1),随后行格栅状激光光凝。术后随访视力、视野和黄斑区视网膜厚度的变化。结果治疗前平均视力为0.07,治疗后4周、3个月、6个月平均视力分别为0.133、0.162及0.153;黄斑区视网膜平均厚度治疗前201μm,术后分别为180μm、155μm及158μm。结论激光光凝联合眼球周旁注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑水肿可促进黄斑水肿消退,改善视力,。     

多波长激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变临床观察

目的探讨多波长激光光凝对糖尿病性视网膜病变的疗效。方法30例（52只眼）糖尿病性视网膜病变行荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）及黄斑区相干光断层扫描（OCT）,对重度非增生性及增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变分别进行绿光、黄光、红光激光光凝。黄斑水肿患者同时行黄斑格栅光凝,分4次进行泛视网膜光凝。光凝后观察视力、黄斑中心凹厚度及FFA情况。结果随访6个月,35只眼视力不同程度提高,14只眼视力维持激光治疗前的水平,3只眼因黄斑水肿加重视力下降,激光治疗前OCT显示黄斑部中央凹平均厚度为（430．35±98．53）μm,治疗后6个月平均厚度（178．48±42．56）μm。结论多波长激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变能有效提高或保存患眼视功能。     

氩激光治疗视网膜血管病致黄斑水肿的临床观察

目的探讨氩绿激光光凝治疗视网膜血管病致黄斑水肿的方法和疗效。方法对46例58眼视网膜血管病致黄斑水肿患者包括糖尿病视网膜病变24例36眼、视网膜静脉阻塞22例22眼,采用波长514.5nm氩绿激光行黄斑区局部或格栅样光凝治疗。术后随访6~12个月,观察患者黄斑水肿消退情况和治疗后视力变化。结果光凝治疗后视力提高者34眼(58.6%),视力不变者21眼(36.2%),视力下降者3眼(5.2%)。黄斑水肿完全吸收17眼(29.3%),部分吸收34眼(58.6%),7眼无变化(12.1%)。结论氩离子激光光凝是治疗视网膜血管病致黄斑水肿有效、安全的方法。     

氩激光格栅样光凝治疗BRVO致黄斑水肿的OCT观察

目的:应用光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)观测分析视网膜分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion,BRVO)致黄斑水肿(macular edema,ME)患者行氩激光光凝后视网膜水肿变化。方法:BRVO致视网膜水肿行氩(绿)激光光凝术,格栅状光凝12眼,光凝前及光凝后1,2,3,6mo分别行OCT图像检查。应用CIRRUS OCT自带程序行黄斑ETDRS区视网膜厚度分析,以中心凹1mm区域厚度及其变化值作统计学分析。结果:记录光凝后1,2,3,6mo黄斑中心1mm区厚度变化平均值分别为+7.3μm,-48.5μm,-79.0μm,-101.9μm。统计学分析视网膜厚度光凝前与光凝后2mo后两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),光凝前与光凝后1mo差异无统计学意义。结论:OCT检测能准确定量定性测算黄斑区视网膜厚度变化,可观察氩激光光凝治疗BRVO致ME疗效,可作为光凝治疗疗效判断指标。     

氪激光光凝治疗视网膜黄斑分支静脉阻塞的疗效分析

目的观察视网膜黄斑分支静脉阻塞（macular branch retinal occlusion，MBRVO）眼视网膜激光光凝和非光凝治疗对视力和黄斑水肿吸收的影响及激光光凝治疗前后黄斑光敏感度的变化。方法将48例MBRVO合并黄斑水肿患者的48只患眼随机分为激光光凝治疗组和非光凝治疗组，激光光凝治疗组采用氪激光治疗，非光凝治疗组采用药物治疗。随访6个月，比较两组患者视力、黄斑水肿改善方面的差异。结果激光光凝治疗组光凝治疗前平均视力为0．3±0．2，光凝治疗3、6个月后平均视力分别为0．5±0．2和0．6±0．2，光凝治疗后6个月88％（23／26）的患眼黄斑水肿好转。非光凝治疗组首诊时平均视力为0．30±0．2，随访3、6个月后平均视力分别为0．4±0．1和0．5±0．2，随访6个月后50％（11／22）的患眼黄斑水肿好转。激光光凝治疗组与非光凝治疗组在视力恢复和黄斑水肿消退方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论MBRVO眼的激光光凝治疗较非光凝治疗更有助于促进视力恢复和黄斑水肿的消退。黄斑区的激光光凝治疗对黄斑视功能的影响不大。     

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变弥漫性黄斑水肿的激光治疗

目的　评价全视网膜光凝联合黄斑格栅样光凝治疗伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法　 4 0例 5 0眼伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者 ,采用氩绿激光进行黄斑格栅样光凝联合全视网膜光凝。分析视力、黄斑水肿和新生血管的变化。结果　激光治疗后随访 6～ 30个月 ,5 0眼中 36眼治疗有效 ;76 %患眼的视力稳定 ,视力进步者占 12 % ;6 2 %患眼黄斑水肿明显减少 ,黄斑水肿完全消退者占 10 % ;视网膜新生血管或视盘新生血管完全消退者为 12 % ,部分消退者为 5 6 % ,余 14眼 (2 8% )治疗无效。结论　全视网膜光凝联合黄斑格栅样光凝是治疗伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的有效措施。     

老年人非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的氩激光治疗

的　探讨老年人非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变氩激光光凝的临床特点、时效性和疗效。方法　老年人非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变 ,黄斑水肿组 32只眼 ,非黄斑水肿 2 7只眼。行氩离子兰绿激光光凝。结果　治疗 5 9只眼 (44例 ) ,随访 2 9.98± 11.75个月。激光光凝有效 5 4只眼 (91% ) ,视力进步 7只眼 ,视力不变 42只眼。 0 .2以上视力 42只眼 (71% )。随访期间 5只眼行老年性白内障手术 ,均恢复有用视力 ,眼底无黄斑水肿。结论　老年人非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变者血糖控制不良及全身性疾病等 ,发生黄斑水肿比例较高 ,应及时施行激光光凝治疗。同时 ,因对侧眼增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变或其它眼底病致低视力时 ,适当放宽激光光凝标准 ,对保护老年人糖尿病患者视力有益     

相干光断层扫描对532nm激光治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的疗效观察

目的评价使用相干光断层扫描（OCT）对532 nm激光治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的疗效进行观察的有效性。方法对糖尿病性有临床意义的黄斑部水肿病例46例（61只眼）,给予532 nm激光黄斑格栅样光凝、局灶光凝以及全视网膜光凝,在治疗前、治疗后3个月分别进行裸眼视力、眼底照相、荧光素眼底血管造影及OCT黄斑区视网膜厚度及视网膜容积等检查。比较光凝前后黄斑区视网膜厚度和视网膜容积的变化。结果在46例（61只眼）中,41只眼视力提高,17只眼不变,所有患者荧光素眼底血管造影显示黄斑区荧光渗漏不同程度减轻或消失,OCT显示光凝治疗前黄斑中心凹视网膜神经上皮厚度为（354.7±93.2）μm,光凝3个月后为（203.5±49.6）μm（P〈0.05）,光凝治疗前黄斑区6 mm直径神经上皮总体容积为（8.32±0.53）mm3,光凝3个月后为（7.24±0.41）mm3（P〈0.05）。结论 OCT可以对糖尿病性黄斑水肿进行定量的诊断,并且可以对激光光凝治疗后黄斑水肿的消退进行准确的测量和评价。     

视网膜静脉阻塞的临床治疗及疗效分析

目的 应用光学相干断层扫描长期随访视网膜静脉阻塞患者,观察视网膜黄斑水肿的变化情况,确定最佳的治疗方法和治疗时机.方法 将视网膜静脉阻塞患者75例,分成光凝治疗组,曲安奈德治疗组,联合治疗组.对比分析治疗前与治疗后1、3、6、12个月、2年视网膜神经上皮层厚度及视力的变化.将联合治疗组分成光凝术后1个月内和1个月后玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德两小组.结果 (1)三组患者治疗后黄斑水肿明显减轻,治疗前与治疗后不同时期黄斑水肿高度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).三组患者治疗后与治疗前相比,随访末次视力提高者分别为14、14和16例.将联合治疗组的两小组黄斑水肿高度进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).光凝术后1个月内球内注射曲安奈德的患者长期疗效较好.(2)将三组患者随访末次黄斑水肿高度进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 长期疗效,联合治疗的疗效及视力的提高比较显著,且激光光凝治疗后1个月内球内注射曲安奈德对黄斑水肿的长期疗效更加显著.     

视网膜黄斑分支静脉阻塞的激光光凝治疗

目的 观察视网膜黄斑分支静脉阻塞(macular branch retinal occlusion, MBRVO)眼视网膜激光光凝和非光凝治疗对视力和黄斑水肿吸收的影响以及激光光凝眼光凝治疗前后黄斑光敏感度的变化。 方法 将45例MBRVO合并黄斑水肿患者的45只患眼随机分为激光光凝治疗组和非光凝治疗组，激光光凝治疗组采用氪激光治疗，非光凝治疗组采用药物治疗。随访6个月，比较两组患者视力、黄斑水肿改善方面的差异。激光光凝治疗组同时对激光光凝治疗眼治疗前1周和治疗后3个月的中心30°视野光敏感度进行检查，比较中心凹、中心10°、旁中心11~30°激光光凝治疗前后光敏感度的差异。 结果 激光光凝治疗组光凝治疗前平均视力为0.32±0.26，光凝治疗3、6个月后平均视力分别为0.56±0.26和0.63±0.27；光凝治疗后6个月83％的患眼黄斑水肿好转(20／24)。非光凝治疗组首诊时平均视力为0.31±0.18，随访3、6个月后平均视力分别为0.43±0.19和0.55±0.24；随访6个月后47％的患眼黄斑水肿好转(10／21)。激光光凝治疗组与非光凝治疗组在视力恢复和黄斑水肿消退方面差异有显著性的意义(P<0.05)。激光光凝治疗前和光凝治疗后3个月黄斑中心凹和旁中心11~30°光敏感度差异均无显著性的意义(P>0.05)，中心10 °视野光敏感度较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05)。 结论 MBRVO 眼的激光光凝治疗较非光凝治疗更有助于促进视力恢复和黄斑水肿的消退。黄斑区的激光光凝治疗对黄斑视功能的影响不大。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：201-268）     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

---

     

Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.