经颅多普勒对人工心瓣膜患者脑动脉微栓子的监测

目的 监测人工心瓣膜患者脑动脉微栓子(MES)情况。方法 采用Multi-DopX4经颅多普勒超声(TCD)监测20例人工心瓣膜患者脑动脉微栓子。结果 微栓子阳性14例，阳性率为70％，出现频率为0～319个／30min，相对强度为11～42(均数为22．9)dB，时间延迟为0．9～35(均数为11.6)ms。结论 TCD是监测人工心瓣膜患者脑动脉微栓子的较可靠的方法。     

经颅多普勒对人工心瓣膜患者脑动脉微栓子的监测

目的监测人工心瓣膜患者脑动脉微栓子(MES)情况.方法采用Multi-DopX4经颅多普勒超声(TCD)监测20例人工心瓣膜患者脑动脉微栓子.结果微栓子阳性14例,阳性率为70%,出现频率为0～319个/30min,相对强度为11～42(均数为22.9)dB,时间延迟为0.9～35(均数为11.6)ms.结论TCD是监测人工心瓣膜患者脑动脉微栓子的较可靠的方法.     

双门经颅多普勒检测机械心瓣膜患者微栓子信号的研究

目的 :研究脑动脉微栓子信号 (MES)的基本特征。方法 :采用双门深经颅多普勒 (TCD)检测了 2 1例机械心瓣膜患者的脑动脉 MES。结果 :MES阳性发现率为 80 .95 % (17/ 2 1) ,MES出现频率为 0～ 40 4(中位数 40 )个 /小时 ,MES相对强度为11～ 38(2 3.6 3± 5 .13) d B。84.89%的 MES在二个取样深度依次显示 ,时间延迟为 0 .4～ 2 8.4(中位数 6 .0 ) m s,15 .11% MES仅见于近端通道 ,而在远端通道未能显示。结论 :双门深 TCD是研究 MES基本特征的有效方法     

双门深经颅多普勒超声对脑动脉微栓子信号检测的敏感性和特异性研究

目的 :研究双门深经颅多普勒超声对微栓子信号 (MES)检测的敏感性和特异性。方法 :采用双门深TCD对 30例人工心瓣膜患者进行脑动脉微栓子检测 ,并与在线状态下有经验医师的人工判断 (作为黄金标准 )相比较。结果 :双门深TCD检测MES的敏感性为 6 0 2 % ,特异性为 6 7 8%。结论 :双门深TCD为识别、检测MES提供了新方法 ,但在线状态下的人工判断仍然是必要的。MES相对强度阈值对双门深TCD检测MES敏感性和特异性的影响值得进一步研究。     

双通道经颅多普勒超声检测机械心瓣膜患者微栓子信号

目的观察脑动脉微栓子信号(MES)的基本特征,结合TCD-8软件分析检测MES的敏感性和特异性.方法采用双通道TCD和TCD-8软件检测4例机械心瓣膜患者的脑动脉MES.结果2例发现MES信号,MES相对强度为14～34(26.5士4.9)dB,时间延迟为0.5～20.3(中位数为5.3)ms,TCD-8软件检测MES的敏感性为64.20%,特异性为69.33%.结论双通道TCD不仅是研究MES基本特征的有效方法,也为识别、检测MES提供了新方法,但在线状态下人工判断仍是必需的.     

双门深经颅多普勒检测机械心瓣膜患者微栓子信号的研究

目的:研究脑动脉微栓子信号(MES)的基本特征.方法:采用双门深经颅多普勒(TCD)检测了21例机械心瓣膜患者的脑动脉MES.结果:MES阳性发现率为80.95%(17/21),MES出现频率为0～404(中位数40)个/小时,MES相对强度为11～38(23.63±5.13)dB.84.89%的MES在二个取样深度依次显示,时间延迟为0.4～28.4(中位数6.0)ms,15.11%MES仅见于近端通道,而在远端通道未能显示.结论:双门深TCD是研究MES基本特征的有效方法.     

经颅多普勒监测缺血性卒中患者脑动脉微栓子

目的　了解缺血性卒中患者微栓子的发生率及其可能发病机制。方法　采用德国EMETC 4 0 4 0型经颅多普勒 (TCD)检测仪 ,用soundtrack 2 .4版本的软件对 61例缺血性卒中患者双侧大脑中动脉 (MCA)进行微栓子监测。监测时间不少于 3 0min ,监测前常规行颈动脉B超检查。结果　 6例发现了微栓子 (占 9.83 % ) ,其中 3例为心脏机械瓣膜修复术后患者 ( 1例合并脑栓塞 ,另 2例神经功能正常 ) ,另 3例为非心源性脑梗死患者(占 5 8例非心源性脑梗死患者中 5 .17% )。 3例颅外颈动脉狭窄的患者中 1例微栓子阳性。在非心源性脑梗死患者中 ,仅于患侧MCA处监测到微栓子 ,而在心脏人工瓣膜修复术后患者中 ,双侧MCA均可监测到微栓子。结论　非心源性脑梗死急性期微栓子阳性率低 ,可能与颅外颈动脉狭窄程度有关。     

机械心脏瓣膜置换术后远期抗凝状态临床观察及意义

目的:机械心脏瓣膜置换术后远期INR与并发症的关系,最佳抗凝强度范围及意义。方法:对机械心脏瓣膜置换术后出院半年以上的患者在门诊检查四项凝血指标(PT,PTR,INR,Fbg,APTT)224例次,按照INR结果不同分为三组:I组INR<1.5,II组INR1.5～2.5,III组INR>2.5。结果:I组26例/次,华发林服用量3.55±1.03mg,INR1.39±0.10,出现脑栓4例/次,并发症15.3%;II组176例/次,华发林服用量3.44±1.02mg,INR2.13±0.11,出现鼻出血、血尿5例/次,并发症2.8%;III组22例/次,华发林服用量2.96±1.07,INR2.91±0.62,出现鼻出血、皮下出血4例/次,并发症18%。结论:II组的例/次占总数的77.8%,INR在1.5～2.5之间并发症最低,说明INR在1.5～2.5之间是安全可靠的,是本地区最佳抗凝强度范围。机械心脏瓣膜置换术后抗凝强度是动态的,术后远期更应高度关注抗凝状态。     

动力型微泡清除器在体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中的初步应用

目的　明确动力型微泡清除器 (DBT)在冠脉搭桥患者体外循环 (CPB)全过程中减少动脉灌注管道和大脑中动脉内微气泡的效果及其对血细胞和凝血机能的影响。方法　 2 0例患者随机分组 ,DBT组在动脉滤器与主动脉插管之间接入DBT。检测DBT前、后的动脉灌注管内和对照组相应位置的微气泡量和患者双侧大脑中动脉内微栓信号 (MES)量。术前、CPB停止和术后 6h分别测定血浆游离血红蛋白 (PFH)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、血小板计数、纤维蛋白原、凝血因子Ⅱ活性、抗凝血酶Ⅲ(ATⅢ )活性。结果　DBT组动脉灌注管内不同直径微气栓的清除率分别为 6 8%～ 74 % (10～ 12 0 μm) ,79%～ 81% (2 0～ 12 0 μm)和 88%～ 96 % (40～ 12 0 μm )。整个CPB期间大脑中动脉内MES总值 ,DBT组 (178± 12 2 )比对照组 (197± 137)有减少的趋势 ,但差异无显著意义。血细胞破坏和凝血机能各指标在两组间差异无显著意义。结论　DBT能高效清除体外循环动脉灌注管内微气泡并且不加重血细胞的破坏或凝血抗凝机制的紊乱。要最大程度消除入脑气体微栓须采取综合临床措施 ,而DBT是有效手段之一。     

脑振荡患者的凝血酶原等检验指标的变化

目的　研究脑振荡患者凝血酶原时间 (PT) ,凝血酶原时间国际标准化比值 (INR) ,活化的部分凝血活酶时间 (APTT)和纤维蛋白原含量 (FIB)等凝血因子的变化以及白细胞 (WBC) ,血小板 (PLT) ,平均血小板体积 (MPV)和血钾 (K)的变化。方法　空腹时抽取脑振荡患者全血 2 .7mL ,选取 4 0例无溶血 ,无黄疸、无脂血者 ,男 2 0例 ,女 2 0例。年龄 4 3～ 89岁。用 0 .3mL枸橼酸钠抗凝 ,摇匀 ,30 0 0r/min转速离心 15min分离血浆 ,并在 2h内用COAT -GATE凝血分析仪检测 4 0例脑振荡患者的PT ,APTT ,FIB及INR ,并同时以 4 0例健康体检者 (无溶血、无黄疸、无脂血者 ,男 2 0例 ,女 2 0例。年龄 4 3～ 89岁。无肝脏、心血管、血液系统及神经系统疾病 ,其他血液生化指标均在参考范围内 )作对照组。检测试剂采用欧加农试剂。同时用欧加农室内定值质控品做质控 ,质控在控制范围。再抽取全血 3mL ,肝素抗凝 ,离心取血浆检测K+ ;取全血加EDTA抗凝 ,测WBC ,PLT及MPV。结果　脑振荡患者组及对照组PT分别为 (15 .5± 1.6 )s ,(14 .8± 1.2 )s,经t检验 ,P <0 .0 1,2组间有显著性差异 ;脑振荡患者组及对照组INR分别为 1.1± 0 .4 9,0 .98± 0 .2 0 ,经t检验 ,P<0 .0 1,2组间有显著性差异 ;脑振荡患者组及对照组FIB分别为 (3.17±     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.