腹腔镜技术在处理腹膜透析管大网膜包裹中的应用

目的总结腹腔镜技术在腹膜透析管大网膜包裹复位方面的经验。方法选择3例慢性肾衰竭腹膜透析管引流不畅患者,通过腹腔镜将缠绕嵌腹膜透析管的大网膜钝性分离,末端重新置入膀胱直肠陷凹或子宫直肠陷凹;并将局部大网膜缝吊于上腹部。结果3例患者腹膜透析管均成功复位,手术时间15—30min,均成功进行了腹膜透析。结论腹腔镜引导下复位大网膜包裹的腹膜透析管创伤小、无需重新手术更换腹膜透析管,腹膜透析管放置定位准确,值得推广。     

大网膜部分切除在腹腔镜腹膜透析管置入术的应用价值

目的探讨大网膜部分切除术在慢性肾脏病5期患者腹膜透析管置入术中的应用价值。方法选择郑州大学第一附属医院腹腔镜外科于2017-01—2019-08间收治的268例慢性肾脏病5期患者,其中190例行常规腹腔镜下腹膜透析管植入术(常规腹腔镜组)、78例行腹腔镜下腹膜透析管置入并大网膜部分切除术(大网膜切除组)。对2组患者的临床资料进行比较分析。结果2组患者的年龄、性别、术前血红蛋白、术前肌酐值等一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。268例手术均获成功,大网膜切除组手术时间长于常规腹腔镜组,手术费用多于常规腹腔镜组;常规腹腔镜组堵管10例,大网膜切除组无堵管病例。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下腹膜透析管置入并大网膜部分切除术,对预防术后大网膜包裹腹膜透析管效果良好,具有临床应用价值。     

腹腔镜腹膜透析管置入术的临床应用价值

目的探讨腹腔镜腹膜透析管置入术在慢性肾脏病5期患者(Chronic kidney disease,CKD-5)治疗中的临床应用价值。方法对郑州大学第一附属医院微创外科2012-09—2013-9的97例CKD-5期患者行腹腔镜下腹膜透析管置入术,分析术后出现手术切口渗液、腹透管漂管、堵管等并发症及手术时间、术后下床活动时间、住院时间等指标。结果 97例手术均获成功,手术时间短,术后近、远期并发症发生率低,住院时间短。结论腹腔镜腹膜透析管置入术是安全可靠,术后恢复快、并发症发生率低,值得推广。     

腹腔镜在腹膜透析管复位中的临床应用

目的：评价应用腹腔镜手术方法行腹膜透析管复位的治疗效果,并总结相关治疗经验。方法收集2010年3月至2014年5月我院腹透中心收治的33例经常规保守治疗后,腹透液进出仍然不通畅,并确诊为导管持续性移位,须行手术复位腹膜透析导管患者的临床资料,进行回顾性分析,评价腹腔镜下腹透导管复位术的效果。结果33例导管持续性移位的患者均采用全麻下腹腔镜手术复位。术中所见多为单纯导管移位（21/33,63.6%）,腹腔镜直视下将腹膜透析管直接放至膀胱直肠陷窝或子宫直肠陷窝,并加用不可吸收线将导管固定于邻近腹壁,以减少再次移位的可能性;其次为大网膜包裹（12/33,36.4%）,腹腔镜直视下钝性分离包裹于导管上的大网膜,后续操作步骤同单纯导管移位者。全部33例患者均用上述技术成功复位,手术时间维持在30~45 min,平均出血量约5~10 ml;术中患者生命体征平稳,未见明显并发症;术后行腹膜透析,伤口处无渗液、漏液,伤口愈合良好;术后随访3~50个月,33例患者均可正常进行腹膜透析,未再出现导管移位。结论腹腔镜下腹膜透析管复位定位准确,切口小,易于愈合,合理运用可显著提高腹膜透析技术成功率。     

单通道腹腔镜辅助下腹膜透析管置入术的临床应用

目的探讨单通道腹腔镜辅助下腹膜透析管置入术的临床应用可行性和疗效。方法 13例术前均无腹腔手术史的慢性肾衰患者,局麻下采用经皮微创穿刺技术建立下腹部16 F腹腔通道,使用直径5 mm腹腔镜进入腹腔内定位,通过一次性剥皮鞘将Swan-neck腹膜透析管一端放置到膀胱直肠窝或子宫直肠窝,近端建立皮下隧道并经左下腹刺口引出。结果所有腹膜透析管均放置成功,平均手术时间（28±8）min,术中出血少,术后3-7 d出院。最长者已随访12月,未见漂管、渗漏、堵管、出血、感染等并发症。结论单通道腹腔镜辅助下腹膜透析管置入术是一种定位精确、安全可靠、并发症少的置管新方法。     

“三点一线”术式腹腔镜腹膜透析管置入术体会

目的总结"三点一线"术式腹腔镜腹膜透析管置入术的体会。方法 2012-08—2016-08间郑州大学第一附属医院腹腔镜外科对526例终末期肾脏病患者行腹腔镜腹膜透析管置入术,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果 526例均成功完成手术,手术时间35~92 min,平均58.80 min。术后腹膜透析时间3~12 d,平均6.70 d。住院时间7~16 d,平均8.52 d。近、远期并发症发生率为3.42%。结论充分的术前准备及规范有序的手术操作,可降低腹腔镜腹膜透析管置入术后并发症发生率,延长透析管使用时间,提高患者生存率。     

局麻下腹腔镜技术在腹膜透析置管术中的临床应用体会

目的:探讨局麻下腹腔镜技术应用于腹膜透析置管术的可行性与临床疗效。方法:总结分析10例尿毒症患者局麻下行腹腔镜腹膜透析置管术的临床资料。脐上缘(A点)建立CO2气腹,置入5 mm腹腔镜,在腹腔镜监测下于脐下2 cm左旁开1.5 cm处(B点)向下隧道式穿刺入腹,由此置入腹膜透析管,再平B点向左7 cm垂直向下1.5 cm处(C点)置入弯分离钳,将一端准确置入膀胱直肠陷窝或子宫直肠陷窝,另一端经皮下隧道经C点引出体外。结果:腹膜透析管均放置成功,手术时间15~20 min,效果非常满意,并成功进行腹膜透析,未发生透析管漂浮、渗漏、堵管等并发症。结论:局麻下腹腔镜腹膜透析置管术是定位精确、安全可行的新方法。与传统开放手术相比,腹部切口更微创,患者痛苦轻,术后康复快,住院时间短,可尽早下床活动,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜引导下腹膜透析管置放术

目的　探讨腹腔镜引导下放置腹膜透析管的方法。　方法　选择 9例慢性肾功能衰竭患者 ,在腹腔镜引导将Tenckhoff腹膜透析管置入腹腔并经皮下隧道引出。　结果　所有病例腹膜透析管均放置成功。手术时间 10min～ 2 0min。均成功的进行了腹膜透析。患者术后 2～ 7天出院。　结论　腹腔镜引导放置腹膜透析管技术具有透析管定位准确 ,手术切口小 ,术后疼痛轻。优于常规开腹技术     

手法复位对梗阻型腹膜透析导管漂移的作用

腹膜透析管漂移(漂管)是腹透管路相关并发症之一,严重影响透析效果.目前国内外常采用腹腔镜手术重新置管或导丝(胃镜刷)逆行复位.我院自1996年1月至2008年10月,采用自创的手法复位,已成功复位了共37例单纯型及梗阻型漂管,单纯型成功率为86.7%,梗阻型为62.5%.我们着重介绍对梗阻型漂管的手法复位.     

经皮肾镜在腹膜透析置管术中的临床应用

2007年12月~2012年4月,对27例术前无腹腔手术史的慢性肾衰竭患者,全身麻醉下于脐下2 cm处置5mm trocar(A)和腹腔镜,左下腹置10 mm trocar(B),将腹膜透析管全部置入腹腔,自B置入肾镜,经肾镜操作孔置入取石钳,将腹膜透析管体内端固定于膀胱直肠窝或子宫直肠窝,将A处腹腔镜换成抓钳提起腹膜透析管体外端,连同trocar A一起拔出体外,固定后向B处建立皮下隧道引出。所有腹膜透析管均放置成功,无并发症发生。随访6~18个月,平均15.6月,未见漂管、渗漏、堵管、出血及感染等并发症。     

The reposition technique for treatment of obstruction or migration of the peritoneal dialysis catheter

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are widely used in the management of patients with chronic renal failure. The permanent presence of the catheter into the peritoneal cavity generate a series of specific complications. Two of the most important causes of dysfunctional peritoneal dialysis catheter are obstruction and malposition. Failure to restore the drainage function of the catheter by conservative method should be followed by a surgical procedure: laparoscopic reposition or replacing the catheter. This paper present an original technique which has some major advantages: required local anesthesia; doesn't replace the existing catheter; the dyalysis program could be started very quick after procedure; it is a feasible and reproducible technique.     

Modified minimally invasive laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion with internal fixation

BackgroundLaparoscopic technique is widely used in peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter placement. We developed a modified minimally invasive laparoscopic PD catheter (PDC) insertion with internal fixation and evaluated the early results by observing the intraoperative and postoperative conditions of the novel technique with those of conventional open surgery.MethodsRetrospective research was performed on 59 patients who underwent PDC insertion from June 2019 to January 2022, including 23 patients who received open surgery and 36 patients who received modified minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. Information such as preoperative conditions, operation time, incision length, incidence of intraoperative complications, time from operation to starting PD, time from operation to discharge, and incidence of catheter-related complications were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe incision length, intraoperative blood loss, catheter migration rates and the total incidence of complications 6 months after operation in the laparoscopic group were lower than those in the conventional group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in operation time, time from operation to starting PD, time from operation to discharge and the incidence of catheter blockage, leakage, exit-site infection, peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis and hernia.ConclusionsModified minimally invasive laparoscopic PDC insertion and internal fixation method achieved direct vision and reliable fixation of the catheter, significantly reduced incision length and blood loss. The incidence of catheter migration was significantly lower than that of open surgery. Our primary findings reveal that modified minimally invasive laparoscopic PDC insertion with internal fixation is safe, effective and beneficial for PD patients.     

Laparoscopic omentectomy for salvage of peritoneal dialysis catheters

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Maintaining long-term peritoneal catheter function for peritoneal dialysis is commonly threatened by problems with catheter obstruction. Multiple methods have been used to salvage nonfunctioning catheters, including omentopexy, catheter repositioning, and omentectomy. We report on our experience with a laparoscopic method of omentectomy and catheter fixation for salvage of nonfunctioning peritoneal dialysis catheters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients with nonfunctioning peritoneal dialysis catheters underwent 16 laparoscopic procedures with the intent to restore function. Clinically, all patients presented with outflow obstruction. At initial presentation, all patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and a definitive procedure. In 12 patients, catheters were enveloped by omentum, and we performed laparoscopic omentectomy and catheter fixation to the anterior pelvic wall. In one patient, we identified a broken catheter and performed a laparoscopic omentectomy at the time of catheter replacement. One 10-mm and two 5-mm trocars were utilized. Omentectomy was performed using either endo-GIA stapled resection (2 patients) or the Harmonic Scalpel (11 patients). All trocar incisions (including the 5-mm site) were closed with a suture-passing (Carter-Thomason) device to provide water-tight closure in anticipation of immediate return to peritoneal dialysis. Patients were followed postoperatively for an average of 17 months (range 4-35 months). RESULTS: All patients' catheter function was restored intraoperatively with laparoscopic omentectomy and catheter fixation. Eight catheters remained functioning following omentectomy without further intervention. Five patients (38%) experienced repeat catheter malfunction and underwent laparoscopic exploration. Of these, three catheters (60%) were restored to function with laparoscopic manipulation alone. Three catheters were found encased in extensive adhesions. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis was successful in one patient and unsuccessful in one patient, who converted to hemodialysis. One patient failed laparoscopic salvage and required open laparotomy and fibrin clot removal to restore catheter function. One catheter was found to be obstructed within a pericolic hematoma. One catheter was found within residual omentum at the hepatic flexure. Both of these catheters were freed laparoscopically and continued to function at 12 and 16 months' follow-up. Complications included one episode of peritonitis, one case of postoperative ileus, and one trocar site hernia necessitating repair. The nephrologists were instructed that they could begin peritoneal dialysis on postoperative day 1. Seven patients resumed peritoneal dialysis without leak from trocar sites. The remaining patients received temporary hemodialysis through a central venous catheter and returned to peritoneal dialysis at the discretion of their nephrologists. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic omentectomy with catheter fixation is a minimally invasive means of salvaging peritoneal dialysis catheters with outflow obstruction. Complications are few, and closure of laparoscopic incisions in water-tight fashion allows rapid return to peritoneal dialysis.     

Simultaneous non-surgical removal and insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheters for defective drainage: a bedside,day case technique

BACKGROUND: Outflow failure of peritoneal dialysis catheters is a commonly encountered problem. It may be possible to reposition the catheter by a variety of means, but this can be problematical and has variable long-term success. Commonly surgical catheter exchange is utilized, entailing inconvenience, expense and often, a reliance on temporary hemodialysis. We describe a technique allowing exchange of poorly functioning catheters with a relatively simple outpatient/day case percutaneous technique, allowing the continuation of peritoneal dialysis. METHODS: We report percutaneous exchange of 25 peritoneal dialysis catheters in 21 patients. The exchanges were performed under local anesthesia with a degree of sedation (if required). It involved the dissection down the distal cuff of the catheter and mobilization of the catheter below it. This was followed by division of the catheter, allowing passage of a guide wire into the peritoneal cavity and insertion of a further peel away sheath and insertion of a new catheter. The new catheter was tunneled out of the existing exit site after removal of the extraperitoneal portion of the old catheter by traction. RESULTS: Outflow failure was associated with fecal loading and malposition of the catheter in 14 out of the 21 patients. Exchange of catheter was successful in all the patients with good pelvic positioning of the replacement catheter in all but 1 of the cases. The mean period until the reinstitution of peritoneal dialysis was 5.1 days (range 0-14 days). Temporary hemodialysis was not required for any of the patients. One patient exhibited a small leak of peritoneal dialysis fluid after insertion, but this had spontaneously resolved within 6 days. Protracted satisfactory function of the peritoneal dialysis catheters was obtained in all but 1 of the patients (mean follow-up 51 weeks, range 11-73 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that exchange of peritoneal dialysis catheters for problems with dialysate drainage, utilizing a non-invasive percutaneous technique is both effective and safe.     

Wang's Forceps‐Assisted Percutaneous Insertion and Fixation of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter

Percutaneous insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheters is theoretically most preferred by nephrologists because of the advantages of bedside performing, surgery independence, and minimal injury over other procedures of catheter placement such as open surgical dissection or laparoscopic operation. However, blindly placing catheters in the percutaneous procedure brings the risk of catheter malposition or bowel perforation; this largely retarded it's implementation. We had previously developed a novel technique termed “Wang's forceps‐assisted catheter insertion and fixation,” which had been successfully applied in the open surgical catheter insertion and displaced catheter reposition in our center. In this study, we further explored the possibility of applying the Wang's forceps in the procedure of percutaneous catheter insertion both in porcine model and patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). A total of three miniature pigs successfully received percutaneous catheter insertion using Seldinger's technique with Wang's forceps assistance. The catheters were all placed in the right position and functioning well in dialysate drainage. This novel method of percutaneous catheter insertion was then performed on 20 ESRD patients. The procedure showed effective time‐saving with the average operating time of 29.2 ± 3.53 min and was well tolerated by patients with minimal pain and injury. During a follow‐up time of 6 months, no complications of catheter displacement, leakage, or blockade occurred. Our preliminary observation demonstrates that utilization of Wang's forceps in a percutaneous procedure conferred benefits of accurately placing and fixing catheters while preserving the merits of minimal invasion and simple performance.     

Laparoscopic omental fixation technique versus open surgical placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters

Background: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is an effective form of treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. Open insertion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters is the standard surgical technique, but it is associated with a relatively high incidence of catheter outflow obstruction and dialysis leak. Omental wrapping is the most common cause of mechanical problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the laparoscopic omental fixation technique to prevent the obstruction caused by omental wrapping and also to compare this laparoscopic technique with open peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion with respect to postoperative discomfort, complication rates, and catheter survival. Methods: Between March 1998 and October 2001, 42 double-cuff, curled-end CAPD catheters were placed in 42 patients. The outcomes of the 21 patients in whom the PD catheters were placed laparoscopically with omental fixation technique were compared with those of the 21 patients in whom the catheters were placed with open surgical technique. Recorded data included patient demographics, catheter implantation method, early and late complications, catheter survival, and catheter outcome. Results: Early peritonitis episodes occurred in 8 of 21 patients (38.0%) in the open surgical group (OSG) versus 2 of 21 patients (9.5%) in the laparoscopic omental fixation group (LOFG) (p < 0.05); late peritonitis episodes occurred in 3 of 21 patients (14.2%) in the OSG versus 1 of 21 patients (4.7%) in the LOFG (p < 0.05). Early exit site infection occurred in 8 of 21 patients (38.0%) in the OSG versus 4 of 21 patients (19.0%) in the LOFG (p < 0.05), with many catheter-related problems in the conventional surgical group. There was no outflow obstruction in the LOFG. The conventional procedure was faster than the laparoscopic omental fixation technique. Analgesic requirements and hospital stay were less in the laparoscopic group. Laparoscopic surgery also enabled diagnosis of intraabdominal pathologies and treatment of the accompanying surgical problems during the same operation. Occult inguinal hernia was diagnosed in 2 patients, inguinal hernioplasty was performed in 4 patients, adhesiolysis was performed in 8 patients who had previous abdominal surgery, and liver biopsy was taken in 2 patients. Ovarian cystectomy was performed in another patient during laparoscopic CAPD catheter placement. Conclusion: The laparoscopic omental fixation technique (described by Öünç and published in 1999) is a highly effective and successful method for preventing obstruction due to omental wrapping with a better catheter survival. Laparoscopic surgery also allows the diagnosis and treatment of the accompanying surgical pathologies during the same operation.     

Mini‐laparoscopic placement of peritoneal dialysis catheter: New technique

Background: Leakage remains a problem with all methods of catheter placement. We describe our experience with a new mini‐laparoscopic technique for catheter placement in patients with end‐stage renal failure. Patients and methods: Between May 2002 and March 2004, 24 patients underwent mini‐laparoscopic placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters. All patients had end‐stage renal failure with difficult vascular access for haemodialysis. There were 11 men and 13 women with a mean age of 51.4 years (range: 18–75 years). Operative time, interval to initiation of successful peritoneal dialysis, postoperative pain management, resumption of diet and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: The mean operative time was 32.3 min (range: 15–40 min). All patients were given a normal diet on the day of surgery. Postoperative pain was controlled with paracetamol tablets three times daily for 2–3 days. The mean hospital stay was 3.2 days (range: 3–4 days). No patients developed leakage either from the ports or around the catheter. Two (8.3%) patients had blockage of the catheter and underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic correction. Two (8.3%) patients had migration of the catheter which required laparoscopic repositioning. The follow‐up range was between 2 and 22 months. Conclusion: Mini‐laparoscopic technique for placement of peritoneal dialysis catheter is unique because it uses only two ports. The catheter is made to exit via a 2 mm port site and does not require specially designed instruments.     

Image-guided peritoneal access and management of complications in peritoneal dialysis

The principal complications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), namely malposition of the dialysis catheter, peritonitis, exit site infection, leakage of dialysis fluid, sclerosing peritonitis, and renal cysts and tumors, are considered in this article. The techniques that are used to reposition displaced dialysis catheters and extend the duration of dialysis are described. The role of imaging in establishing the diagnosis of peritonitis is relatively small. However, both computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound may be used to identify loculation of fluid and localized sites of sepsis, and permit percutaneous drainage. Ultrasonography of the catheter track through the percutaneous tissues allows identification of pericatheter collections in patients with exit-site infection. The technique of CT peritoneography is helpful in establishing sites of dialysis fluid leakage. These commonly occur at the site of entry of the dialysis catheter, through abdominal incisions, or along the patent tunica vaginalis into the scrotum. The appearances on CT of sclerosing peritonitis reflect pathologic changes and are characterized by the presence of peritoneal thickening and calcification. Bowel obstruction, which may develop in sclerosing peritonitis, can be identified on abdominal radiographs or barium studies of the gastrointestinal tract. Acquired renal cystic disease and renal carcinomas occur in a significant proportion of patients undergoing CAPD. Ultrasound is the investigation of first choice in the identification and clarification of the pathology (cystic or solid) of suspected renal masses.