全梗阻食管癌前程加大单次剂量的放疗

目的 探讨全梗阻食管癌前程加大单次放疗剂量的可行性，使肿瘤尽快退缩，食管复通，患者能早日进食。方法 21例全梗阻食管癌根据超分割原理，前程加大单次剂量：300cGy/次，5次/周，DT3000cGy/10次后改为常规分割至根治剂量DT6600cGy,同时辅以对症支持疗法。结果 全组病例梗阻症状得到缓解，按三级分类法：甲级2例，乙级15例，丙级4例。提高了患者的生存质量，延长了生存期。结论 对全梗阻食管癌前程加大单次剂量放疗，同时辅以对症治疗 综合治疗可使食管早日复通，能增强患者的治疗信心，进而可以顺利完成根治性放疗，提高患者的生存质量和延长生存率。     

全梗阻食管癌前程加大单次剂量的放疗

目的 探讨全梗阻食管癌前程加大单次放疗剂量的可行性,使肿瘤尽快退缩,食管复通,患者能早日进食。方法 21例全梗阻食管癌根据超分割原理,前程加大单次剂量:300 cGy/次,5次/周,DT 3 000 cGy/10次后改为常规分割至根治剂量DT6 600 cGy,同时辅以对症支持疗法。结果 全组病例梗阻症状得到缓解,按三级分类法:甲级2例,乙级15例,丙级4例。提高了患者的生存质量,延长了生存期。结论 对全梗阻食管癌前程加大单次剂量放疗,同时辅以对症治疗+综合治疗可使食管早日复通,能增强患者的治疗信心,进而可以顺利完成根治性放疗,提高患者的生存质量和延长生存率。     

单次大剂量放疗对猪胰腺及胰周组织的损伤作用

摘 要：［目的］ 观察不同单次大剂量外放疗对猪胰腺及胰周组织的损伤作用。［方法］ 12头家猪分为7Gy、10Gy、13Gy和16Gy共4组,每组3头进行单次大剂量外放疗,取仰卧位,前后对穿照射,射野面积为10cm×10cm方野,照射后7d处死动物后取材,取受照胰腺组织及胰周组织进行常规切片HE染色,光镜下病理观察。［结果］ 单次大剂量照射后猪胰腺组织的损伤呈明显的剂量依赖性,损伤形式由点状凋亡坏死向大片状坏死转变。［结论］ 提高单次照射剂量在增加胰腺组织损伤的同时也明显增加了胰周组织的损伤。因此,应采用调强适形放疗技术加强对胰周组织的保护。提高单次剂量后引起的胆道损伤应引起注意。     

癌性骨转移的大剂量放疗

癌性骨转移疼痛常较剧烈，常规分割放疗有一定疗效，但不尽人意。本科采用大剂量放疗治疗癌性骨转移疼痛，收到较好效果，现总结报道如下：     

三维适形放疗治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效分析

目的探讨三维适形放疗治疗原发性肝癌的近期疗效与不良反应。方法选取2005年1月至2010年12月间收治的原发性肝癌并进行三维适形放疗的患者45例,处方剂量6MV-X95%计划靶体积(PTV)45Gy,每次1.8Gy;分25次,或62Gy,每次2Gy;分31次,观察患者的疗效。结果45例患者中,完全缓解(CR)率为11.1%(5/45),部分缓解(PR)率为66.7%(30/45),稳定(SD)率为15.6%(7/45),病情进展(PD)率为6.7%(3/45),总有效率为77.8%(35/45)。全组患者1、2、3年的生存率分别为58.3%、36.1%和15.8%,中位生存时间为14.7个月。放疗后放射性肝病(RILD)发生率为2%。结论三维适形放疗对原发性肝癌患者的治疗效果较为满意,可延长中晚期肝癌患者的生存期,并能提高患者的生存质量。     

食管癌术前大剂量短程放疗的临床研究

１９９３年２月至１９９４年１２月对８７例食管癌患者进行大剂量短程术前放疗，８６例做了食管癌切除颈部Ｇａｍｂｅｅ＇ｓ吻合术，１例单纯探查（Ⅰ组）。同期食管癌患者９９例，行单纯手术治疗（Ⅱ组），作为对照组。放疗方法：２０～２５ＧＹ／４～５次／４～５天，放疗后１～７天行手术治疗。结果：全部患者均可耐受大剂量放疗。术中见肿瘤变软、缩小；手术出血量、手术时间、术后并发症与对照组相比无明显差异。手术切除率：Ⅰ组９９％（８６／８７），Ⅱ组８９％（８８／９９），Ｐ＜０．０５。手术死亡率：Ⅰ组０，Ⅱ组２％（２／９９）。术后生存率：１年Ⅰ组６８．６％（５９／８６），Ⅱ组６４．８％（５７／８８）；２年Ⅰ组５０．０％（４３／８６），Ⅱ组４６．６％（４１／８８）；３年Ⅰ组４６．９％（１５／３２），Ⅱ组３７．５％（１２／３２）。     

原发性肝癌伴门脉癌栓的大分割三维适形放疗效果分析

目的评价大分割三维适形放疗（3DCRT）原发性肝癌门脉癌栓的疗效。方法34例根据肝硬化Child-Pugh分级，A级23例，B级11例。原发性肝癌门脉癌栓GTV为105～2097cm^3，中位值773cm^3。分割剂量4～8Gy／次（中位值5Gy），照射次数7～15次（中位值11次），肿瘤剂量38～63Gy（中位值50Gy），3次／周，隔日1次。结果有效率为76％（26／34），1、2、3年生存率分别为36％、19％、13％。结论大分割3DCRT治疗原发性肝癌门脉癌栓有一定的疗效。     

射波刀-低分割单次大剂量立体定向放射治疗的最佳执行者

常规放疗模式沿用多年,肿瘤治愈率难以得到大的突破.放疗总剂量与肿瘤预后直接相关,按照放射生物学推断的肿瘤治疗剂量明显高于目前常规放疗模式的放射总剂量.生物有效剂量与局控率和生存率有显著相关性.其提高依赖于单次剂量的提高.短疗程高分次剂量的放射治疗模式主要通过立体定向适形放疗实现.目前立体定向放射治疗装置单次放射剂量提高至4～8Gy,但是治疗精度无法进一步提高.射波刀在固定方式、实时位置验证、影像引导及动态追踪病灶等方面具有明显的技术优势,单次放射剂量能够提高至15～30Gy,成为短疗程单次高剂量放疗模式的最佳执行者,治疗效果更好.射波刀高分次剂量短疗程放疗模式本身在很多方面有待完善发展.     

放疗联合普瑞巴林治疗肝癌骨转移神经病理性疼痛的疗效及生存质量评价

目的 评价放射治疗联合普瑞巴林治疗原发性肝癌骨转移神经病理性疼痛的近期疗效及生存质量变化。方法 选取放疗联合普瑞巴林治疗32例肝癌骨转移患者,前瞻性研究神经病理性疼痛的止痛疗效及生存质量变化,基线、放疗后1个月、2个月采用简易疼痛评估表、DN4评分评估疼痛,国际骨转移共识终点定义判断止痛疗效,欧洲癌症研究和治疗组织生存质量问卷（EORTC QLQ-C30）和骨转移模块（QLQ-BM22）评估生存质量。结果 放疗后1、2个月,神经病理性疼痛DN4评分均数均降低,疼痛客观缓解率为分别为62.8%、68.6%;放疗后1月EORTC QLQ-C30功能量表躯体、情感、社会、角色功能评分显著升高,症状量表疼痛（P=0.015）、失眠（P=0.035）、食欲降低（P=0.022）症状改善,疲倦症状加重（P<0.05）;放疗后2个月与基线相比,整体健康状况评分及功能量表评分明显升高,除疲倦、便秘、经济困难（P<0.05）,其他症状量表评分均降低;放疗后2个月与疼痛无应答者比较,应答患者表现出情绪功能（P=0.025）和躯体功能显著改善（P=0.029）,症状量表中疼痛（P=0.014）和...     

贲门癌术前大剂量放疗与单纯手术的临床研究

1987年3月至1991年10月对66例贲门癌随机分组治疗，术前放疗和单纯手术各33例。术前放疗组在术前接受照射5天，共5次25Gy后，体息1～3周后手术，观察术中出血量、手术时间、术中输血量、术后并发症、创口愈合情况，其结果与单纯手术组相同．术前放疗组切除率为88％（29／33），单纯手术组为70％（23／33），P＜0．05．近期疗效术前放疗组1年、3年生存率为76％（25／33）、48％（16／33），而单纯手术组为52％（17／33）、24％（8／33），呈显著性差异。两组5年生存率各为21％（6／28）与14％（4／28），P＞0．05，无统计学意义．提示术前大剂量放方能提高贲门癌手术切除率和近期疗效．     

Analgesic activity of high-dose intravenous calcitonin in cancer patients with bone metastases

We undertook a prospective, nonrandomized study with the objective to evaluate the efficacy of salmon calcitonin (sCT) in controlling pain secondary to bone metastases. Our study population consisted of 45 cancer patients with bone metastases (26 men) with a mean age of 64 years (range, 48-70) who had completed chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and radiation therapy at least 30 days prior to enrollment in the study, and had intractable pain despite the use of common analgesics (acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, opioids) and bisphosphonates. The study medication was a 300-IU dose of sCT administered intravenously daily for 5 consecutive days and repeated every two weeks until no response was noticeable. The analgesic efficacy of sCT was evaluated by means of Huskisson's visual analogue scale and Keele's pain scale; the daily consumption of analgesic drugs and performance status were also monitored. None of the patients managed to completely discontinue the use of other analgesics, but 5 patients (11% of the total number) had an analgesic response that lasted 4 weeks and less than 5% of the patients continued to respond for 6 weeks. No significant side effects were observed. Our data show that intravenous calcitonin administered in a relatively high dose has a very limited therapeutic potential as an adjuvant analgesic for a short period of time in selected cancer patients with bone metastases.     

Daily low-dose cisplatin plus concurrent high-dose thoracic radiotherapy in elderly patients with locally advanced unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer

There are few prospective studies of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in elderly patients with locally advanced unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although the therapy has proved superior to radiotherapy alone for the treatment of younger patients. We conducted a pilot study to assess the tolerance and efficacy of concurrent cisplatin and thoracic radiation in elderly patients with locally advanced unresectable NSCLC. Eligible patients were more than 71 years old and had unresectable Stage I, II, or III NSCLC. Cisplatin was administered at 6 mg/m2 daily intravenously on days 1 through 5, days 8 through 12, days 29 through 33 and days 36 through 40. Beginning day on 1, thoracic radiation was delivered at 2.0 Gy daily to a total dose of 60 Gy. Twelve patients were registered and 11 were eligible. Patient characteristics were ages of 73 to 80 years, and stage III A (18%) and stage III B (73%) NSCLC. The most common grade 3 toxicities included leukopenia (20%) and thrombocytopenia (9%). Grades 3/4 elevation of serum creatinin, esophagitis and pneumonitis did not occur. The overall confirmed response rate was 82%, and median overall survival was 23 months. The 2-year survival rate was 53%. This chemoradiotherapy regimen is well tolerated with promising response and survival in elderly patients with unresectable NSCLC.     

Induction chemotherapy plus high-dose radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in locally advanced unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer

Background: High-dose radiation therapy is generally recommendedas standard treatment in regionally advanced unresectable non-small-celllung cancer (NSCLC), but medianand long-term survival remainpoor. Some reports have recently shown an improvement of resultsin advanced NSCLC when cisplatin was included in the chemotherapyregimens. Therefore, we designed a randomized trial to determinewhether induction chemotherapy before high-dose radiotherapyimproves response rate and survival in stage HI NSCLC over thatachieved with radiotherapy alone. Patients and methods: From March, 1984 to December, 1988, 66consecutive patients with stage HI unresectable NSCLC were randomizedto one of two treatment arms; 61 were evaluable for survivaland 58 for response and toxicity. Patients randomly assignedto arm A received cisplatin (CDDP 100 mg/m² on day 1) and etoposide(VP 16 120 mg/ m² on days 1, 2, 3) every 3 wks for 3 coursesfollowed by radiotherapy 56 Gy on pre-treatment tumor volumeand 40 Gy on mediastinum and bilateral supraclavicular nodes.Patients assigned to arm B received only the same radiotherapy.The 61 eligible patients were comparable in terms of age, performancestatus, histology and treatment. Results: Response rate was 53% in arm A and 32% in arm B. Themedian survival was 52 wks for the combined treatment arm and36 wks for the radiation therapy arm. At six years of follow-upall the patients were dead. Toxicity was mild and no treatment-relateddeaths were recorded. Conclusion: Induction chemotherapy produced a better responserate and a trend of improved survival (4 months) but a significantsurvival advantage was not achieved (p < 0.11), probablybecause of the small number of patients enrolled in the trial. chemotherapy, non-small-cell lung cancer, radiotherapy, combined treatment     

Randomized trial of paclitaxel plus supportive care versus supportive care for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: In phase II trials, paclitaxel has been shown to have antitumor activity in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the survival and quality-of-life (QOL) benefits of paclitaxel used as a single agent compared with supportive care alone have not been assessed in a randomized clinical trial. METHODS: A total of 157 patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC who had received no prior chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either best supportive care alone (78 patients) or paclitaxel plus supportive care (79 patients). Paclitaxel was administered as a 3-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. Supportive care included palliative radiotherapy and supportive therapy with corticosteroids, antibiotics, analgesics, antiemetics, transfusions, and other symptomatic therapy as required. The primary end point of the study was survival. Time to disease progression, response rate, adverse events, and QOL were secondary end points. RESULTS: Pretreatment characteristics were evenly distributed between the two arms. Survival was statistically significantly better in the paclitaxel plus supportive care arm than in the supportive care alone arm (two-sided P =.037) (median survival = 6.8 months versus 4.8 months). Cox multivariate analysis showed paclitaxel plus supportive care to be statistically significantly associated with improved survival (two-sided P =.048). QOL was similar for both treatment arms, except for the functional activity score of the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist, where QOL data statistically significantly favored the paclitaxel plus supportive care arm (two-sided P =.043). CONCLUSION: The addition of paclitaxel to best supportive care significantly improved survival and time to disease progression compared with best supportive care in patients with advanced NSCLC and may improve some aspects of QOL.     

长春瑞滨加卡铂同期高剂量放射治疗非小细胞肺癌临床研究

目的评价长春瑞滨加卡铂(NC)联合同期高剂量70 Gy的三维适形放射治疗非小细胞肺癌的耐受性,并初步观察其疗效。方法病理或细胞学确诊的晚期非小细胞肺癌接受同期放化疗。均采用三维适型放射治疗,常规分割照射,2 Gy/f,1 f/d,5 f/周,总剂量70 Gy,每例患者放疗计划均满足:双肺V20≤30%且V30≤20%。放疗第一天开始长春瑞滨联合卡铂(NC)方案化疗:NVB 25mg/m2,d1,d8,CBP,AUC=5 mg/ml.m2,d8,每28 d重复,同期化疗两周期,放疗结束后最多4周期。结果 37例患者成为研究对象。血液学毒性为86.5%(32/37),Ⅲ/Ⅳ级中性粒细胞减少为18.9%(7/37),Ⅲ/Ⅳ级血小板减少为8.1%(3/37),无Ⅲ级及以上贫血发生。非血液学毒性:Ⅲ级放射性肺炎8.1%(3/37),Ⅲ级放射性食管炎13.5%(5/37),全组无Ⅳ/Ⅴ级非血液学毒性发生。全组完全缓解率(CR)为13.5%(5/37),部分缓解率(PR)64.9%(24/37),近期有效率为(CR+PR)78.4%(29/37)。中位生存期为12.0个月,1年总生存率为45.1%。结论在V20≤30%和V30≤22%的情况下,长春瑞滨加卡铂联合同期70 Gy的三维适型放射治疗非小细胞肺癌可以耐受,有较好的近期有效率、中位生存期和1年总生存率,其远期疗效值得进一步研究。     

Dyspnea evolution after high-dose radiotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Purpose

To determine what the influence is of dyspnea (CTCAE3.0) before high-dose radiotherapy (RT) on the incidence and severity of subsequent lung toxicity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

In 197 patients with stage I-III NSCLC maximal dyspnea scores (CTCAE3.0) were obtained prospectively at three time periods: before RT, the first 6 months post-RT and 6-9 months post-RT. Only patients who were clinically progression-free 12 months or more after RT were included, thus minimizing dyspnea due to tumor progression. Time-trends of dyspnea as a function of baseline dyspnea were investigated and correlated with gender, age, chemotherapy, mean lung dose (MLD), lung function parameters (FeV1 and DLCO), stage, PTV dose, overall treatment time and smoking habits.

Results

The proportion developing less, the same or more dyspnea 6-9 months post-treatment according to their baseline dyspnea scores was: Grade 0: none, 82.9%, 17.1%; Grade 1: 21.2%, 51.9%, 26.9%; Grade 2: 27.3%, 54.5%, 18.2%, respectively. Only age was associated with increased dyspnea after RT.

Conclusions

Patients with dyspnea before therapy have a realistic chance to improve after high-dose radiotherapy. Reporting only dyspnea at one time-point post-RT is insufficient to determine radiation-induced dyspnea.     

外照射放疗联合腔内近距离放疗治疗食管癌的系统评价

目的:评价外照射联合腔内近距离放疗(观察组)与单纯外照射放疗(对照组)治疗食管癌的疗效和安全性.方法:通过计算机检索CBMdisc、VIP、CNKI、Cochrane Library、Pubmed和Embase等数据库和手工检索8种主要中文肿瘤学期刊,收集有关外照射联合腔内近距离放疗与单纯外照射放疗治疗食管癌的随机和半随机对照试验.采用RevMan 4.2.10进行统计学分析.结果:共收集到14个已发表的随机对照试验,1 400例患者,方法学质量评价均为C级.Meta分析结果显示,近期有效率,1和3年生存率明显高于单纯外照射放疗,局部复发率在观察组降低,P值分别为0.03、＜0.000 01、0.005和0.02;两组5年生存率及远处转移率相似,P值分别为0.29和0.43;观察组放射性食管炎、出血、良性食管狭窄的发生率高于对照组,P值分别为0.04、0.002和0.03.两组食管穿孔和食管溃疡的发生率差异无统计学意义,P值分别为0.77和0.20;放射性肺炎发生率对照组高于观察组,P=0.000 5.结论:与观察组相比,治疗组近期、1和3年生存率提高,局部复发降低;但远期生存率及远处转移率无改善;治疗组不良反应发生率增加.     

喉癌切缘状况与术后放疗和联合化疗预后相关性分析

目的:分析因手术切缘阳性而行单纯放疗和联合化疗喉癌患者切缘状况对其预后的影响,为临床治疗提供参考.方法:回顾性分析2005-01-01-2007-12-31因手术治疗后切缘阳性来我院行放化疗的102例喉癌患者临床资料.11例手术切缘术后病理有不典型增生,21例有原位癌,18例有浸润性癌,归为Ⅰ类切缘(n=50).距肿瘤0.1cm者17例,0.2 cm者18例,0.3 cm者17例,归为Ⅱ类切缘(n=52).共有81例行单纯放疗,21例行放疗联合化疗.结果:不典型增生组、原位癌组、浸润癌组3年生存率分别为100％、88％和73％,不典型增生组与浸润癌组生存率差异有统计学意义,P=0.03.Ⅰ类切缘和Ⅱ类切缘3年生存率分别为85％和86％,差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;局控率分别为97％和84％,差异有统计学意义,P=0.01.术后单纯放疗组3年生存率、局控率和远处转移控制率分别为85％、93％和70％,联合化疗组分别为75％,83％和100％,经统计检验分析,远处转移控制率两治疗组间差异有统计学意义,P=0.04.6组切缘生存曲线两两比较,0.2 cm和0.3 cm组与浸润癌组差异有统计学意义,P值分别为0.04和0.02.结论:术后切缘不论是浸润癌或是原位癌或是不典型增生,经单纯放疗和联合化疗后几乎均有相似的局部区域控制率,原位癌和浸润癌有相似的生存率,而不典型增生0.2 cm和0.3 cm切缘生存率较浸润癌显著提高,因而切缘依然是影响这类患者生存预后的重要因素.     

Complete responses in patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer with weekly high-dose 5-FU plus one-shot CDDP HAI

Thirty-two patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer, treated by intermittent hepatic arterial infusion of high-dose 5-FU combined with CDDP, were assessed. As a result of this treatment, the overall response rate was 65.6%, and eight patients (25%) which contained three autopsy cases revealed a complete response. The mean doses of 5-FU and CDDP which was administered in the eight patients were 24.3 g and 65 mg, respectively. One of the eight patients showed complete disappearance of liver metastasis on the CT scan after arterial infusion of 4.5 g of 5-FU, and necrosis or disappearance of the tumor was present in more than 2/3 of the whole lesion. Autopsy showed focal or zonal necrosis, distorted reconstruction of architecture, and cholangiolitis of the liver which were administered more than 15 g of 5-FU. Intermittent hepatic arterial infusion of high-dose 5-FU combined with CDDP is proved to be a useful locoregional chemotherapy for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. We should evolve new treatment modalities for extrahepatic metastases, as HAI combined with the systemic chemotherapeutic regimen.