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微小RNA(microRNA或miRNA)是一类长约22(21~25)个核苷酸的非编码单链RNA分子,广泛存在于动植物中.1993年,Lee等[1]首次在线虫中发现了miRNA-lin-4和它的靶mRNA,即lin-14;2000年Reinhart等[2]在线虫中发现了另外一个具有转录后调节作用的miRNA,即miRNA-let-7.随后多个 相似文献
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MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类含21~25个核苷酸长度的单链小分子RNA,其在细胞生长和发育过程的调节中起到了多重作用,miRNA的突变或异位表达与多种肿瘤相关。电离辐射可以诱导miRNA的改变,从而产生致癌或抑癌效果,而且辐射诱导的miRNA表达变化还显示出细胞特异性和性别特异性。 相似文献
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甲状腺癌是近年来发病率快速增长的内分泌肿瘤。人类恶性肿瘤与环境因素密切相关,环境改变可诱导机体内某些致病基因发生变化,从而促进了疾病的发生。在对人类的基因转录组的研究过程中,发现了一类长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码RNA,即长链非编码RNA(LncRNAs),其通过调节基因表达参与细胞分化、增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭等肿瘤的发生发展。越来越多的研究发现LncRNAs与甲状腺癌关系密切,许多LncRNAs对甲状腺有致癌或抑癌作用,但其具体功能和作用机制尚不明确。笔者对LncRNAs在甲状腺癌中的最新研究进展进行综述,为探讨LncRNAs在甲状腺癌中的作用机制及其临床应用价值提供依据。 相似文献
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微小RNA是近年来在多种真核生物及病毒中发现的一类长度为19-26nt(或bp)、具有基因表达调控作用的单链或双链RNA分子。目前已发现的微小RNA分子包括siRNA、miRNA以及新近发现的调节性小RNA(small modulatory RNA,smRNA)。它们具有基因表达调控等重要作用,因而受到了较为广泛的关注。本文对3种微小RNA在基因表达调控方面的作用作一综述。 相似文献
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放疗是肿瘤综合治疗的重要手段之一,但放疗抵抗是影响肿瘤患者放疗疗效及预后的一大难题。由于肿瘤细胞放疗抵抗的机制十分复杂,所以至今还未找到特别有效的调控放疗敏感性的开关分子。环状RNA(circRNA)是一类通过反式剪接使得 3' 末端与 5' 末端共价结合的闭合circRNA分子,具有丰度高、结构稳定和特异性强等特征。circRNA参与肿瘤的发生、发展、侵袭和转移等过程,可以作为新型肿瘤分子标志物和潜在的治疗靶点。此外,circRNA在受照后的肿瘤细胞中存在差异性表达,并可作为微小RNA(miRNA)的海绵,调控与肿瘤放疗抵抗相关的miRNA及其下游信号通路,使其有望成为攻克肿瘤放疗抵抗的突破口。笔者综述了circRNA作为新型肿瘤标志物及其在肿瘤放疗中应用的研究进展。 相似文献
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Midkine(MK)有多重生物学功能,对肿瘤的诊治具有重要作用。MK在不同的肿瘤中高度表达,促进癌细胞增殖、迁移和新生血管形成。近年来的研究发现,MK和甲状腺癌关系密切。免疫组化研究表明,MK在甲状腺癌细胞和组织中的表达明显高于正常甲状腺。甲状腺结节穿刺洗脱液的MK水平对甲状腺结节的良恶性判断有很好的诊断价值。MK是可分泌到血液中的细胞因子,其作为血清学标志物可以判断甲状腺结节良恶性,对分化型甲状腺癌131I治疗的预后(是否存在转移病灶)有明确的判断价值。在甲状腺球蛋白抗体阳性的情况下,MK可作为预测分化型甲状腺癌转移的有效血清学标志物。MK的最大局限性是肿瘤特异性差,很多情况下,需要和其他特异性强的肿瘤标志物联合测定。今后的研究重点是MK在甲状腺癌发生、发展和治疗耐药机制方面的探讨。笔者主要综述MK在甲状腺癌标志物中的价值。 相似文献
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B型RAF基因(BRAF)编码蛋白质的第600位密码子对应的缬氨酸被谷氨酸替代(BRAFV600E突变)是甲状腺乳头状癌中最常见的基因突变.很多研究表明,该突变与甲状腺乳头状癌的发生、发展和转移密切相关.该文综合阐明BRAFV600E突变在甲状腺乳头状癌中的术前诊断、预后判断和抑制剂治疗等方面的临床应用,以便更好地指导临床决策. 相似文献
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分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,当发生远处转移时患者的生存质量变差、生存率明显降低。肺是DTC最常见的远处转移部位,占DTC远处转移的55%~85%。DTC肺转移是造成甲状腺癌患者病死的主要因素。故针对此类患者的早期诊断、评估以及治疗决策的制定尤为重要,同时这也是缩短我国与发达国家甲状腺癌诊治的差距、提高患者生存质量的关键。笔者就近年来有关DTC肺转移的流行病学及临床病理特征、诊断与动态评估以及治疗方法等研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
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高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)是一种具有多种功能的核相关蛋白,在肝脏肿瘤的发生发展中作用巨大,尤其是在其中的一个重要环节即炎症微环境中发挥着重要作用。在肝细胞癌中,HMGB1作为一种重要的炎症介质通过一系列信号通路促进肿瘤进展,同时在肿瘤自身的炎症微环境中,HMGB1也通过相关信号分子促进炎症微环境本身的发生,并进一步引起肝细胞癌的发生发展。HMGB1在炎症微环境中促进肿瘤发生发展的机制是肿瘤诊断、治疗研究中的热点。本文就目前HMGB1在肝脏炎症微环境中的作用及其在肝细胞癌发生、发展及治疗中的作用作一综述。 相似文献
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Feng Guan Hongguang Zhao Benzheng Jiao Shanshan Liu Ri Sa Sen Hou Qiuyu Lin Qi Wang Chenghe Lin 《Annals of nuclear medicine》2016,30(2):138-144
Objectives
The common form and risk factors of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormality in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients with short-term overt hypothyroidism were investigated and some discriminant formulas for forecasting the occurrence of abnormal ECG in this specific population were deduced in this study.Methods
A total of 260 thyroidectomized DTC patients were retrospectively reviewed, 67 of whom had abnormal ECG and 193 normal ECG after short-term (3 weeks) levothyroxine (L-T4) withdrawal. One-way ANOVA, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis and discriminant function analysis were performed using data from these DTC patients.Results
A flat or inverted T wave in inferior myocardial and left ventricular wall leads was the most common abnormal ECG finding in short-term overt hypothyroidism. Statistical analyses showed that age, interval, TSH-end (The serum hormothyrin level at the end of L-T4 withdrawal for 3 weeks), and TSH-vel (The average ascending velocity of serum hormothyrin level during L-T4 withdrawal for 3 weeks) were statistically significant and positively correlated with the occurrence of abnormal ECG. Meanwhile, TSH-vel showed the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.358, p = 0.000). The formulas, especially deduced from age, interval and TSH-vel, could discriminate patients with abnormal ECG or not as high as 77.6 and 70.5 %, respectively (resubstitution accuracy: 72.3 %).Conclusion
The thyroidectomized DTC patients undergoing short-term L-T4 withdrawal before their first radioiodine ablative therapy, who had one or more of the above-mentioned risk factors, are likely to show abnormal ECG findings. The formulas from discriminant function analysis may be helpful for predicting patients with abnormal ECG with short-term L-T4 withdrawal and allow appropriate medical intervention beforehand.15.
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Hye Jin Baek Dong Wook Kim Song Lee Inseon Ryoo Chang Yoon Lee Yoon Jung Choi Jin Yong Sung 《La Radiologia medica》2017,122(7):530-537
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the locoregional recurrence rate of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and to assess the appropriate frequency of postoperative ultrasonography (US) surveillance for detecting tumor recurrence.Methods
The review boards of the seven participating institutions approved this study. From 2000 to 2011, 186 patients underwent at postoperative US at least once; US was performed by experienced radiologists at each institution. Based on the US and histopathological results, locoregional tumor recurrence was assessed.Results
The T stages of the 186 patients were T1a (8.1%), T1b (21.5%), T2 (39.8%), T3 (30.6%), T4a (0%), and T4b (0%). The N stages were unknown (24.2%), N0 (71.5%), N1a (3.2%), and N1b (1.1%), and the M stages unknown (29.6%), M0 (66.1%), and M1 (4.3%). Tumors recurred in only 6 (3.2%) patients during the follow-up period over 5 years. Among them, no patients showed the initial suspicion of recurrences on routine follow-up US. The session number and interval of postoperative US differed significantly between patients with recurrence and those without recurrence. The mean interval of postoperative follow-up US at the first detection time of tumor recurrence was 37.5 ± 18.5 months (range 9–62 months). Significantly more FTCs were at an advanced N and M stage in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence group (p < 0.05).Conclusions
Routine postoperative US surveillance may be unnecessary for detecting tumor recurrence after thyroid surgery in FTC patients.17.
分化型甲状腺癌通常预后良好,但是对于约30%的低分化甲状腺癌,常规的治疗方法如"手术+131I治疗+甲状腺激素"的效果并不理想。国内外学者都在探索一种新的治疗策略——基因治疗。目前甲状腺癌的基因治疗策略主要有如下方面:(1)导入钠/碘同向转运体(NIS)基因,使本来不吸131I的癌细胞能够吸131I,从而采用放射性131I治疗;(2)增强机体抗肿瘤的免疫反应;(3)导入肿瘤细胞"自杀"基因;(4)抑制肿瘤细胞的生成;(5)抗血管生成基因治疗等。 相似文献
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甲状腺癌的CT诊断 总被引:95,自引:4,他引:95
目的分析甲状腺癌及其颈部转移淋巴结的CT表现,探讨肿瘤侵犯周围重要器官的诊断指征。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的52例甲状腺癌的术前CT表现。结果52例原发肿瘤均密度不均,32例边缘不规则(82.5%),11例原发肿物及5例转移淋巴结内有细颗粒状钙化,4例原发肿瘤及6例转移淋巴结内有囊性变伴囊壁高密度乳头状结节,手术证实气管受侵22例;10例CT示气管内壁呈锯齿状,5例肿物突入气管腔内而明确诊断。食管受侵21例,颈动脉受侵10例。以肿物包绕食管1/2周或颈动脉1/3周以上为侵犯的诊断指标,敏感性分别为71.4%、100.0%;特异性分别为96.3%、95.2%。结论原发肿物及转移淋巴结内颗粒状钙化及囊性变伴高密度乳头状结节是甲状腺癌(特别是乳头状癌)的特征性密度变化。CT增强扫描对诊断甲状腺癌及评价其与周围结构的关系和制定手术方案十分重要 相似文献
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Eggshell calcification in follicular thyroid carcinoma 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Scintigraphic hot nodules and thyroid carcinoma 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Three patients who had hot nodules on I-123 scan were found to have thyroid cancers in the nodule. Two of the cancers were follicular, one was a follicular variant of papillary cancer. 相似文献