深板层角膜移植与穿透性角膜移植治疗圆锥角膜的比较

目的 评比深板层角膜移植术(DLKP)和穿透性角膜移植术(PKP)两种术式治疗圆锥角膜的临床疗效.方法 对我院连续收治的圆锥角膜48例48眼进行两种术式治疗,其中DLKP23眼,PKP 25眼,对两种手术疗效进行分析比较.术后随访6～24个月.术后分析最佳矫正视力、植片透明情况和并发症.结果 术后矫正视力≥0.5者,DLKP 19眼(82.61%),PKP 24眼(96.00%),两组患者的术后视力差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).DLKP术后并发症为后弹力层皱折5眼,后弹力膜穿孔2眼,移植片排斥反应3眼(13.04%);PKP术后发生继发性青光眼3眼,虹膜前粘连5眼及排斥反应6眼(24.00%).结论 DLKP比PKP并发症少,它能减少内皮型排斥反应的发生,且术后最佳矫正视力与PKP近似,DLKP为治疗圆锥角膜提供了-个更安全有效的选择.     

深板层角膜移植术与穿透性角膜移植术治疗圆锥角膜的临床分析

目的 探讨深板层角膜移植术（DLKP）与穿透性角膜移植术（PKP）对圆锥角膜的不同临床疗效。方法采用病例对照研究设计,选择自2003年4月至2006年4月期间于我院行DLKP11例（11只眼）和PKP18例（18只眼）的29例圆锥角膜患者资料。对术前、术后的未矫正视力（UCVA）、最好矫正视力（BCVA）、植片情况、散光状况及手术并发症等进行分析。结果DLKP术后9例患者BCVA高于0．5,PKP术后14例患者BCVA高于0．5。DLKP组术后的平均球镜度数（DS）为（-1．21±3．36）D,平均柱镜度数（DC）为（-4．03±1．87）D,PKP组术后平均DS和DC分别为（-3．86±2．43）D和（-3．43±2．31）D,两组间比较差异均无统计学意义（DS：t=2．135,P=0．46;DC：t=-0．643,P=0．528）。共焦显微镜检查显示,DLEK组与PKP组术后角膜植片的上皮细胞、上皮细胞基底层及前弹力层角膜在形态上基本相似,均表现为植片基质细胞胞核略小,排列稍显紊乱,有裂隙样暗纹。DLKP组患侧眼内皮细胞的形态基本正常,平均密度为（2311．72±439．73）个／mm^2,对侧眼为（2477．81±535．92）个／mm^2,二者差异无统计学意义（t=1．06,P=0．78）;PKP组患侧眼内皮细胞面积较大,细胞大小不均匀,非六角形细胞比例高,平均密度为（1642．17±583．41）个／mm^2,明显低于对侧眼（2739．05±401．77）个／mm^2,二者之间比较差异有统计学意义（Z=7．32,P=0．006）。DLKP组的并发症主要是术中后弹力层穿孔、缝线松脱及层间浑浊等。PKP组的并发症主要是缝线松脱、眼压升高、排斥反应及内皮功能衰竭。结论DLKP术后的屈光状况与PKP术接近,虽然手术操作难度较高,但是术后发生内皮排斥和内皮衰竭的机率低、安全性高。（中华腰群杂志,2007,43：583-588）     

两种术式角膜移植治疗圆锥角膜疗效比较

目的 比较深板层角膜移植和穿透性角膜移植术治疗圆锥角膜的临床效果。方法 2001年1月～2004年6月共收治圆锥角膜连续病例65例76眼，其中行深板层角膜移植术（指植床仅保留角膜后弹力层和内皮层）43眼，穿透性角膜移植术33眼，术后随访8个月～3年，比较不同术式下视力、角膜内皮计数、并发症、角膜植片透明等情况。结果 43眼行深板层角膜移植术后，裸眼视力≥0．4的25眼，33眼行穿透角膜移植术后，裸眼视力≥0．4的18眼，两组矫正视力均≥0．4，二者差异无统计学意义（X^2=0．089，P〉0．05）。深板层角膜移植术后角膜内皮计数平均（2870±340）个／mm^2，而穿透性角膜移植术后角膜内皮计数平均（2120±290）个／mm^2，二者差异有统计学意义（t=10．15，P〈0．05），深板层角膜移植术并发症为植床小穿孔4眼，后弹力层皱褶3眼，层间薄翳3眼，散光（〉2D）18眼；穿透性角膜移植术的并发症主要为植片排斥3眼，虹膜局限性前粘连5眼，散光（〉2D）15眼。两种方式术后均未见圆锥角膜复发，所有植片均透明。结论 深板层角膜移植治疗圆锥角膜可获得与穿透角膜移植一样的视力效果，且并发症较少，但与后者相比有一定局限性。     

深板层角膜移植术治疗圆锥角膜疗效观察

目的:评价深板层角膜移植治疗圆锥角膜的效果。方法:采用深板层角膜移植术治疗132例140眼圆锥角膜,对其疗效进行观察分析。术后随访6～48mo。结果:术后矫正视力0.2～0.4者13例14眼,～0.8者92例96眼,>0.8者27例30眼,发生排斥反应5眼,植片透明131例139眼,半透明1例1眼,8眼出现后弹力层皱褶。结论:深板层角膜移植术具有并发症少,能减少内皮型排斥反应的发生,术后视力好,且对供体材料要求较低等优点,为治疗圆锥角膜提供了安全有效的选择。     

深板层角膜移植治疗圆锥角膜

目的探讨深板层角膜移植治疗圆锥角膜的价值。方法采用深板层全厚角膜供体植片治疗圆锥角膜22例(25眼),对其疗效进行观察、分析。结果术后平均随访5-26个月,术后裸眼视力≥0.2者20例(23眼)矫正视力≥0.4者17例(19眼),矫正视力≥0.7者3例(4眼),发生排斥反应3例(4眼),植片透明20例(23眼),植片半透明2例(2眼)。结论深板层角膜移植治疗圆锥角膜具有对材料要求条件低,不涉及前房及排斥反应低,治疗效果好等优点,在临床上值得推广应用。     

穿透性角膜移植术治疗中晚期圆锥角膜疗效分析

目的探讨穿透性角膜移植术治疗中晚期圆锥角膜的疗效。方法穿透性角膜移植术治疗27例30眼中晚期圆锥角膜患者，术后随访1～3a，比较术前术后视力变化，分析影响术后视力因素和手术并发症产生的原因。结果术后所有视力（裸眼）与术前相比均有提高，差异有明显统计学意义（P〈0．01）。30眼角膜植片均透明，其中1眼术后2周发生排斥反应，经治疗5d后恢复透明。植片的大小、术后并发症、拆线时间、术后角膜屈光状态，都会影响术后视力。结论穿透性角膜移植术治疗圆锥角膜中晚期患者可显著提高视力，且并发症少，是目前一种安全、有效的治疗方法。[眼科新进展2007：27（3）．208-209，212]     

穿透性角膜移植治疗LASIK术后继发圆锥角膜

目的 观察穿透性角膜移植治疗准分子激光原位角膜磨削术(Laserin situkeratomileusis,LASIK)术后继发圆锥角膜的效果.方法 对6例LASIK术后确诊为继发圆锥角膜的患者进行穿透性角膜移植术,选用直径7～7.5mm植片,与植床等大.术后随访1～5年,观察和评价其疗效.结果 本研究6例患者LASIK术前角膜厚度平均为394.9μm.术后圆锥发生时间(13±3.4)个月,穿透性角膜移植术后,中央角膜厚度平均为504.7μm,视力明显增进,随访期内未见圆锥角膜复发.讨论我们建议,进行LASIK对术中切削时,角膜基质床的厚度不应小于270μm,角膜总厚度不应小于400μm.对LASIK术后继发圆锥角膜患者行穿透性角膜移植术,植床直径与角膜植片等大,术后再选择性拆除缝线,将有助于降低术后免疫排斥反应发生率和圆锥复发,减少手术源性散光,提高视力.     

穿透性角膜移植术治疗晚期圆锥角膜的疗效观察

目的 探讨穿透性角膜移植术治疗晚期圆锥角膜的疗效.方法 穿透性角膜移植术治疗11例(14只眼)晚期圆锥角膜患者.术后随访12～48个月,比较术前、术后视力变化.结果 术后所有裸眼视力与术前比较均有明显提高,有显著差异.14只眼角膜植片均透明.其中3只眼术后发生排斥反应,经治疗后恢复透明.1只眼虹膜前粘连.结论 穿透性角膜移植术治疗晚期圆锥角膜可显著提高视力,且并发症少,目前是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

深板层角膜移植术治疗急性期圆锥角膜的探讨

目的 观察深板层角膜移植术治疗急性期圆锥角膜的手术时机及临床效果.方法 总结自2008年9月至2009年9月于邢台眼科医院住院的急性期圆锥角膜患者8例,均于发病后2～3周采用深板层角膜移植术治疗,术后随访观察6～12个月,观察角膜植片的透明度及视力情况.结果 8例患者中,术前裸眼视力4例为手动,4例为眼前指数,矫正均不提高;术后裸眼视力为0.2～0.5的6例,≥0.6的2例,术中发现后弹力层裂孔呈裂隙状;术后6例大部分裂孔已愈合,角膜植片透明;2例裂孔较大者(尚有约1mm未愈合)术后第3天发现少许层间积液,植片基质层轻度水肿,经前房补气及包扎后层间积液吸收,角膜植片恢复透明;全组病例后弹力层破裂处无明显混浊.结论 深板层角膜移植术治疗急性期圆锥角膜可以取得较好的临床效果.     

Comparison of the Objective Optical Quality in Keratoconus Patients after Penetrating Keratoplasty versus Lamellar Keratoplasty

Objective: To evaluate the optical quality of keratoconus patients after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) or lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) using a dual-channel optical quality analysis system (OQAS). Methods: This was a prospective study. A total of 40 keratoconus patients in Qingdao Eye Hospital were involved in thisstudy from January 2016 to December 2017. And they were divided into a PKP group (23 patients, 24 eyes) or LKP group (17 patients, 19 eyes), depending on the surgical selection. Visual acuity, astigmatism, the density of the corneal endothelium cells, objective scatter index (OSI), predicted visual acuity (PVA), modulation transfer function cut-off frequency (MTF cutoff), Strehl ratio (SR) and tear film analysis of the mean OSI with a dual-channel optical quality analysis system were compared. Data were analyzed using χ2 test and independent t test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the PKP group and the LKP group for best corrected visual acuity, and spherical and cylindrical powers. But there was a significant difference between the two groups in the density of the corneal endothelium cells (t=3.91, P<0.001). In addition, there were statistically significant differences between the PKP and the LKP groups for the MTF cutoff and PVA100 (t=2.58, P=0.01; t=2.66, P=0.01). There was also a statistically significant difference between the PKP group and the LKP group in the tear film analysis mean OSI (t=3.48, P<0.001). Conclusions: The objective optical qualities of keratoconus patients after PKP measured by OQAS are better than after LKP, and the MTF cutoff and contrast vision are also better.     

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Same-size Grafting between Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty and Penetrating Keratoplasty for Keratoconus

Purpose

To compare the clinical outcomes between deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) with same-size grafts in patients with keratoconus.

Methods

Medical records of 16 eyes from 15 patients treated from June 2005 through April 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with contact lens intolerance or who were poor candidates for contact lens fitting due to advanced cone underwent keratoplasty. The transplantations consisted of 11 DALK and 5 PKP with same-size grafting for keratoconus. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error, corneal topographic profiling, and clinical course were compared between DALK and PKP groups.

Results

The follow-up period was 30 ± 17 months in the DALK group and 45 ± 20 months in the PKP group (p = 0.145). At final follow-up, the DALK and PKP groups achieved a BCVA (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) of 0.34 and 0.52, respectively (p = 0.980). Postoperative refractive error and mean simulated keratometric index showed myopic astigmatism in both groups without any statistical difference. Corneal irregularity index measured at 5 mm in the DALK group was less than that of the PKP group at 1-year follow-up (p = 0.021); however, at final follow-up, there was no longer a statistically significant difference. Endothelial cell counts were lower in the PKP group than in the DALK group at final follow-up (p = 0.021).

Conclusions

The optical outcomes of DALK with same-size grafts for keratoconus are comparable to those of PKP. Endothelial cell counts are more stable in DALK compared to PKP.     

Anterior Synechiolysis with Healon Needle and Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices after Anterior Lamellar Dissection in Penetrating Keratoplasty

Purpose: We described a technique to perform anterior synechiolysis with a healon needle and Viscoat® ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) through anterior lamellar dissection in penetrating keratoplasty. Methods: OVDs were gently injected between iridocorneal adhesions with a healon needle to make a blunt dissection after anterior lamellar corneal dissection. Anterior synechiolysis at 360 degrees was completed with a healon needle and OVDs. Subsequently, the deep corneal lamella was cut with right and left Troutman-Katzin corneal scissors. 24 interrupted sutures were made with 10-0 nylon suture to implant the donor cornea. Results: In two eyes from two patients, with corneal opacity and nearly total anterior synechiae, clear grafts and relatively deep anterior chambers were achieved. Penetrating keratoplasty with anterior synechiolysis was thus successful with a healon needle and OVDs through lamellar dissection. Conclusions: Anterior synechiolysis with a healon needle and OVDs through lamellar dissection is a safe and efficient technique for keratoplasty in patients with corneal opacity with anterior synechiae.     

A Comparison of Posterior Lamellar Keratoplasty Modalities: DLEK vs. DSEK

Purpose

To compare clinical outcomes after deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) with Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) performed as initial cases by a single surgeon.

Methods

Sixteen patients with corneal endothelial were enrolled. Eight patients (8 eyes) underwent DLEK and 8 patients (8 eyes) DSEK. We measured uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), manifest refraction, corneal endothelial count, interface opacity via Schiempflug imaging, and contrast sensitivity, as well as tracked postoperative complications over the first postoperative year.

Results

Primary graft failure occurred in two DLEK cases and one DSEK case, all of which were excluded for further analysis. The average 12-month postoperative BCVA was 20/70 in the DLEK group and 20/50 in the DSEK group, with the difference not statistically significant. No significant differences were identified between the 2 groups in terms of mean spherical equivalent and refractive astigmatism, although individuals in the DSEK group tended toward hyperopia. The average endothelial cell count at postoperative month 12 was 1849±494 in the DLEK group and 1643±417 cells/mm² in the DSEK group, representing cell losses of 26.2% and 31.9%, respectively. No significant differences in endothelial cell count or endothelial cell loss were observed between groups. Early postoperative donor disc dislocation occurred in two eyes after DLEK and one eye after DSEK. Interface opacities and contrast sensitivities were similarly not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions

No significant differences in any assessed clinical outcome were observed between individuals undergoing DLEK and DSEK, when performed as initial cases by a single surgeon.     

深板层与穿透性角膜移植术后角膜内皮细胞密度的比较研究

目的研究穿透性角膜移植术(Penetrating keratoplasty,PKP)和深板层角膜移植术(Deeplamellar keratoplasty,DLKP)术后不同时间角膜内皮细胞密度(Endothelial cell density,ECD)的变化情况,以明确这两种术式对移植术后角膜内皮细胞变化的影响。方法采用非接触角膜内皮显微镜(Specular microscopy)及细胞图像分析系统(I MAGEnet2000)连续采集分析17例穿透性角膜移植及13例板层角膜移植术角膜内皮细胞情况,观察术后患者1、3、6、12及24个月时的角膜内皮细胞变化情况。并对结果进行统计学分析。结果17例(眼)PKP术前供体的角膜内皮细胞平均密度为(3390.4±259.5)个/mm2,术后1个月为(3073.7±392.1)个/mm2,术后3个月为(2834.0±456.1)个/mm2,术后6个月为(2591.2±366.7)个/mm2,术后12个月为(2180.6±250.8)个/mm2,术后24个月为(1820.5±198.2)个/mm2。13例(眼)DLKP术前患者健眼的内皮细胞平均密度为(3442.7±178.7)个/mm2,术后1个月为(3224.3±315.4)个/mm2,术后3个月为(3062.2±277.2)个/mm2,术后6个月为(2978.3±287.3)个/mm2,术后12个月为(2968.3±312.9)个/mm2,术后24个月为(2888.5±296.7)个/mm2。结论深板层角膜移植内皮细胞丢失速率较穿透性角膜移植小,术后细胞存活数目较穿透性角膜移植多。     

The Effect of Donor- and Recipient-Related Factors on Corneal Graft Survival in Penetrating Keratoplasty

Purpose: To investigate the impact of donor and recipient factors on graft survival in penetrating keratoplasty (PK).

Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 365 eyes that underwent PK using corneas from 231 donors between June 2010 and June 2015. Patients were divided into three groups (group 1: primary endothelial diseases; group 2: iatrogenic endothelial disorders; and group 3: other pathologies with a healthy endothelium) according to PK indications. The primary outcome measure was corneal graft survival at the last visit (clear or opaque). Graft clarity was assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.

Results: The most frequent PK indication was keratoconus (KC) (20.5%) followed by pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) (18.9%). Donor age had a negative impact on endothelial cell density (ECD) measured by an eye bank specular microscope (p < 0.001). Median best-corrected visual acuity in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units increased from 2.1 to 0.8 at 1 year after PK (p < 0.001). The clear graft rate was 96.7% at year 1, 88.8% at year 2, and 85.5% at year 3. Overall graft survival was 84.9% during a median of 39 months (range: 24–79 months) of follow-up. A higher graft survival rate (67.2%) was observed in KC compared to PBK during 6 years (p < 0.001). Recipients younger than 50 years of age showed a better graft survival rate than those older than 70 years of age (p = 0.037). Donor ECD, time between excision and death, and preservation time had no significant effect on graft survival. Frequent graft rejection episodes (GREs) and additional procedures during surgery had a negative impact on graft survival (p < 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively). A worse graft survival was observed in group 2 compared to groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.042).

Conclusions: Young recipient age and KC were associated with a better graft survival. Graft endothelial density and preservation time had no impact on graft survival. PBK, low vision at baseline and year 1, frequent GREs, and additional interventions during surgery had a negative impact on graft survivals.     

Comparison of visual and topographic outcomes of deep-anterior lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus

AIM: To compare visual, surgical and topographic outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for keratoconus (KC). METHODS: In this multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial 76 eyes of 71 KC patients operated between January 2011 and July 2014 in 2 tertiary referral hospitals were included. Consecutive patients were alternately selected to receive one of the two surgical methods. Thirty eight eyes underwent DALK with the big-bubble technique and 38 eyes underwent PK. RESULTS: Mean best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) at the first postoperative week (P=0.012) and the first postoperative month (P＜0.001) was statistically significantly higher in DALK group. The mean BSCVA at 12mo was not significantly different for DALK (0.30±1.99 logMAR) versus PK (0.40±0.33 logMAR) (P=0.104). The 76.3% of the eyes had a BSCVA over 0.5 in DALK and 47.4% in PK group (P=0.009). The 7.9% of the eyes had a BSCVA of 1.0 in DALK and 5.3% in PK group (P=0.644). Mean spherical equivalent was -2.94 D in DALK and -3.09 D in PK group. Mean topographic astigmatism was 4.62 D and 4.18 D respectively. Regular topographic patterns were observed in 31 (81.6%) of DALK and 29 (76.3%) of PK (P=0.574). The most frequent topographic pattern was oblate asymmetric bow tie, seen in 39.5% in DALK and 23.7% in PK. CONCLUSION: Big bubble DALK provides an earlier visual improvement compare to PK. However, visual and topographic outcomes are similar to those in PK at 1y. Postoperative complications including rejection and intraocular pressure elevation are more frequent in PK. DALK is a safer alternative to PK for KC. However, intraoperative perforation of the Descemet’s membrane is a significant complication.     

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in the management of keratoconus

Advanced cases of keratoconus often require surgical intervention to restore corneal anatomy and improve eyesight. Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) although commonly performed has potential risk of immunological rejection and is now no longer automatically the first choice of surgery. DALK procedures have evolved, which allows surgical replacement of recipient''s corneal stroma, leaving behind healthy descemet membrane (DM) and endothelium. This reduces the risk of allograft endothelial rejection and late graft failure. In recent times, DALK techniques have led to significant improvements in visual outcome and current results are comparable to PK. Big bubble technique of DALK has become the most popular among the various surgical techniques described. Manual near DM DALK also gives good outcome although the visual recovery is often delayed. Future integration of femtosecond laser technology along with diagnostic imaging technology is likely to further improve outcomes of DALK in keratoconus.     

穿透性角膜移植术后角膜内皮细胞之命运

地２组猴行５。５→５．０ｍｍ穿透性角膜移植术，异种组４只，同种组４只，术前用冷冻创伤＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ标记法标记受生角膜内皮细胞，术后１４周摘除眼球，用放射自显影法显示银颗粒的分布。