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丁士旵吴成峰王兰英胡志平 《公共卫生与预防医学》2017,(5):118-121
目的分析铜陵市近10年来职业健康监护情况,为铜陵市职业病防治工作提供政策依据。方法收集全市职业健康检查机构2006—2015年通过《职业病与职业信息监测系统》报告的职业健康检查数据,并进行统计分析。结果 2006—2015年全市职业健康监护企业数和监护工人数逐年增加;开展职业健康监护的企业以中小型、私有经济、制造业和采矿业企业为主;健康监护人数以大型、国有经济、制造业和采矿业以及接触粉尘类作业工人的人数最多;疑似职业病检出率最高的为微型或不详、集体经济、采矿业企业以及接触粉尘类作业工人,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在岗期间职业健康检查疑似职业病平均检出率为0.88%、职业禁忌证平均检出率0.49%;交通运输、仓储和邮政业、集体经济、小型企业以及接触物理因素的作业工人职业禁忌证检出率最高,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论铜陵市职业健康监护重点企业应为小、微型集体、私有经济所有制企业;重点行业为采矿业和制造业,重点职业病危害因素为粉尘和物理因素。 相似文献
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企业是保护劳动者健康和相关权益的责任主体,职业健康教育是企业致力于促进劳动者健康的一项重要义务。针对此,围绕企业的职业健康教育现状、对象、内容和实施几个方面作了探讨。 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between environmental vapor concentrations in organic solvent workplaces and size of enterprises, and to examine if occupational hygiene conditions were better in larger-scale enterprises. For this purpose, a total of 3,567 solvent workplaces were surveyed for environmental solvent vapor concentrations in 1999 to 2002. The results were classified by the size of enterprises (taking the number of employees as an indicator) and by the type of solvent work. It was observed that the vapor concentration in a typical small-scale enterprise was approximately three times as high as that in the large-scale enterprise, although the administrative control levels were not exceeded in general. The proportion of testing and research work (with less use of organic solvents and thus low vapor concentrations) among all solvent workplaces was higher in large-scale enterprises than in small-scale enterprises. The vapor concentrations in this type of workplace did not differ however irrespective of the enterprise size. Further comparison in various types of solvent workplaces disclosed similar size-dependent difference in workplaces for degreasing, cleaning, wiping, printing, and surface coating. In painting and solvent-drying work, in contrast, there was no difference in environmental concentration regardless of the size of enterprises, possibly because environmental improvement of this type of workplaces was technically more difficult than others. Thus, it was concluded that large-scale enterprises generally had better control of work environments than small-scale enterprises, with possible exceptions of painting work and solvent-drying work. 相似文献
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当前,我国正在积极推进健康企业建设。为将健康企业建设“属地化管理、自愿参与”的原则落到实处,剖析了健康企业的内涵,分析了影响企业自愿参与健康企业建设的因素,探讨了属地化管理面临的挑战。建议坚持目标导向和问题导向,完善健康企业建设相关主体的协作机制,将激励健康企业建设的措施融入保市场主体政策体系,向企业免费提供健康企业建设技术支持,推动健康企业建设和企业可持续发展良性互动。 相似文献
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Nagasawa Y Ukai H Okamoto S Samoto H Itoh K Moriguchi J Sakuragi S Ohashi F Takada S Kawakami T Ikeda M 《Industrial health》2011,49(4):534-541
This study was initiated to elucidate possible changes in types of organic solvents (to be called solvents in short) used in enterprises in Japan through comparison of current solvent types with historical data since 1983. To investigate current situation in solvent use in enterprises, surveys were conducted during one year of 2009 to 2010. In total, workroom air samples in 1,497 unit workplaces with solvent use were analyzed in accordance with regulatory requirements. Typical use pattern of solvents was as mixtures, accounting for >70% of cases. Adhesives spreading (followed by adhesion) was relatively common in small-scale enterprises, whereas printing and painting work was more common in middle-scale ones, and solvent use for testing and research purpose was basically in large-scaled enterprises. Through-out printing, painting, surface coating and adhesive application, toluene was most common (being detected in 49 to 82% of workplaces depending on work types), whereas isopropyl alcohol was most common (49%) in degreasing, cleaning and wiping workplaces. Other commonly used solvents were methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate and acetone (33 to 37%). Comparison with historical data in Japan and literature-retrieved data outside of Japan all agreed with the observation that toluene is the most commonly used solvent. Application of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, once common in 1980s, has ceased to exist in recent years. 相似文献
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Ukai H Ohashi F Samoto H Fukui Y Okamoto S Moriguchi J Ezaki T Takada S Ikeda M 《Industrial health》2006,44(2):267-273
The present study was initiated to examine the relationship between the workplace concentrations and the estimated highest concentrations in solvent workplaces (SWPs), with special references to enterprise size and types of solvent work. Results of survey conducted in 1010 SWPs in 156 enterprises were taken as a database. Workplace air was sampled at > or = 5 crosses in each SWP following a grid sampling strategy. An additional air was grab-sampled at the site where the worker's exposure was estimated to be highest (estimated highest concentration or EHC). The samples were analyzed for 47 solvents designated by regulation, and solvent concentrations in each sample were summed up by use of additiveness formula. From the workplace concentrations at > or = 5 points, geometric mean and geometric standard deviations were calculated as the representative workplace concentration (RWC) and the indicator of variation in workplace concentration (VWC). Comparison between RWC and EHC in the total of 1010 SWPs showed that EHC was 1.2 (in large enterprises with>300 employees) to 1.7 times [in small to medium (SM) enterprises with < or = 300 employees] greater than RWC. When SWPs were classified into SM enterprises and large enterprises, both RWC and EHC were significantly higher in SM enterprises than in large enterprises. Further comparison by types of solvent work showed that the difference was more marked in printing, surface coating and degreasing/cleaning/wiping SWPs, whereas it was less remarkable in painting SWPs and essentially nil in testing/research laboratories. In conclusion, the present observation as discussed in reference to previous publications suggests that RWC, EHC and the ratio of EHC/WRC varies substantially among different types of solvent work as well as enterprise size, and are typically higher in printing SWPs in SM enterprises. 相似文献
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