基于mRNA-seq数据筛选Mn2+调控小鼠巨噬细胞的差异表达基因

目的 对Mn²⁺调控的小鼠巨噬细胞mRNA进行测序和生物信息学分析,筛选出差异表达的基因并分析其生物学功能,探究Mn²⁺对小鼠巨噬细胞的调控作用。方法 采用MnCl2和NaCl分别处理小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞24 h,利用m RNA-seq方法筛选出Mn²⁺调控巨噬细胞的差异表达基因,对差异表达基因进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析,并采用qPCR对关键的差异表达基因进行验证。结果 通过整合数据库信息和分析获得1 637个差异表达基因,包括表达上调的基因912个、表达下调的基因725个,GO富集分析表明这些差异表达基因具有免疫吞噬、细胞增殖和分化、转录因子调控等生物活性,KEGG通路主要富集在PI3K-Akt、NF-κB等信号通路。其中与免疫相关且差异最显著的10个基因为免疫球蛋白G Fc段受体Ⅰ(Fcgr1)、含不育α基序结构域蛋白11(Samd11)、活性调节的细胞骨架相关蛋白(Arc)、G蛋白偶联受体35(Gpr35)、富含脯氨酸的小蛋白2H(Sprr2h)、Wnt家族成员4(Wnt4)...     

溃疡性结肠炎中巨噬细胞差异基因及功能分析

目的 研究溃疡性结肠炎（UC）肠道巨噬细胞的基因表达差异和生物学功能。方法 选取2019年1月至12月前往the VA San Diego医疗机构就诊的7例UC患者和7名健康对照者为研究对象。分析直肠黏膜单细胞测序数据,比较巨噬细胞的差异表达基因,进行基因本体（GO）功能富集和京都基因和基因组数据库（KEGG）信号通路富集分析。结果 过滤细胞,确定巨噬细胞群。筛选出UC组和对照组肠黏膜差异基因31个,包括TIMP1、IFITM3、IGHG1等。对差异基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析,发现主要富集于氧化应激生物学过程和IL-17信号通路。结论 肠道巨噬细胞的氧化应激和IL-17信号通路可能参与UC疾病过程。     

芫根调节免疫功能的小肠转录组学研究

利用生物信息学技术初步探索芫根调控肠道免疫功能的分子生物学机制。方法 选择雄性SPF级BALB/c小鼠18只,随机分为3组,每组6只。SC1组小鼠每只每次灌胃芫根提取液150 μL,SC2组小鼠每只每次灌胃绞碎芫根原浆悬液150 μL,NC组小鼠每只每次灌胃生理盐水150 μL,连续7 d每日灌胃一次。分别取每组小鼠小肠组织样品提取RNA,总RNA的质检合格后,进行转录组测序。按GO功能和KEGG信号通路对差异表达基因聚类分析揭示差异表达高度富集的免疫相关通路。从免疫角度分析芫根灌胃小鼠小肠组织的基因表达变化情况。结果 转录组测序共检测到27733条 mRNA的表达,SC1组与NC组比较,显著差异表达基因1635个,其中上调差异表达基因1236个,下调差异表达基因399个;SC2组与NC组比较,显著差异表达基因2872个,其中上调差异表达基因2233个,下调差异表达基因639个（P＜0.05）。按GO功能和KEGG信号通路聚类分析显示差异表达基因在白介素分泌、干扰素反应、T细胞受体信号通路及维生素和脂肪消化吸收等途径的富集度在两个芫根组中均居于前20位（P＜0.01）,肠黏膜趋化因子CCL20和巨噬细胞极化标志物CD274等免疫蛋白编码基因差异表达显著且同属于上述多个免疫通路。结论 芫根灌胃小鼠小肠的差异表达基因在白介素分泌、干扰素反应、T细胞受体信号通路、营养物质消化吸收等途径高度富集,提示芫根对肠道免疫系统及肠黏膜功能的调节,其中CD274的表达上调和CCL20的表达下调提示诱导M1型巨噬细胞极化和T细胞活化可能是芫根调控免疫和维护肠道正常结构功能的重要途径。     

冠心病急性心肌梗死患者外周血差异基因表达分析及功能

目的 探讨冠心病急性心肌梗死患者外周循环血单核细胞中差异基因表达及功能。方法 收集2020年9月至2021年9月在昆明市第一人民医院接受冠脉造影的患者,提取外周血单核细胞总RNA,使用DNBSEQ平台进行第2代高通量测序。检测并筛选差异表达基因,进行KEGG及GO富集分析。结果 冠心病急性心肌梗死组与冠脉正常组对比,其中差异基因89个,上调基因67个,下调基因22个;其中差异lncRNA14个,差异mRNA72个,差异circRNA3个。完成KEGG pathway富集分析、KEGG disease富集分析、KEGG molecular富集分析。完成GO cell composition富集分析、GO cell function富集分析、GO biological process molecular富集分析。结论 筛选出显著差异的10个mRNA、6个lncRNA、2个circRNA。富集分析中涉及感染、转录失调、PI3K-Akt信号通路、脂类合成、吞噬泡腔、细胞外基质、脂多糖结合等,与冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生与发展及急性血栓事件的发生可能相关。     

地塞米松对内毒素诱导的小鼠葡萄膜炎的治疗效果及转录组分析

目的研究地塞米松（DEX）对内毒素诱导性葡萄膜炎（EIU）的治疗效果及转录组测序探讨其潜在的机制。方法将125 ng 脂多糖( LPS) 注射入雌性BALB/c小鼠玻璃体内建立EIU模型,每隔4 h用0.1% DEX滴眼,共6次。注射LPS后24 h 用裂隙 灯观察小鼠眼前房炎症情况并进行临床评分。苏木精-伊红染色法观察小鼠眼部形态学变化。RNA-seq对EIU模型组和DEX 治疗组小鼠的视网膜进行转录组测序并进行GO和KEGG功能分析。Real-time PCR检测小鼠视网膜炎症细胞因子表达及验证 选出的差异基因。结果连续滴眼6次后,DEX可减轻EIU前房的炎症,并下调炎症因子白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF- α）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）和细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）mRNA的表达。RNA-seq共检测出52个差异基因,与DEX+ LPS组相比,LPS组中上调的基因有37个,下调的基因有15个。差异基因的功能分析未发现显著富集的GO条目。KEGG富集 分析显示有6个显著上调的KEGG通路和2个显著下调的KEGG通路。KEGG结果提示DEX治疗后可下调RIG-I类受体信号 通路（Ddx58、Ifih1和Isg15）及一些免疫炎症相关基因（Ifit1、H2-T24、Mx2和Eif2ak2）。结论DEX对LPS 引起的小鼠内毒素 诱导性小鼠葡萄膜炎有保护作用,此保护作用可能与下调RIG-I类受体信号通路及一些免疫炎症相关基因有关。     

βB2基因敲除小鼠睾丸组织长链非编码RNA的差异性表达分析

目的 探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)在βB2基因敲除小鼠睾丸中的表达及其影响睾丸发育的可能机制.方法 采用lncRNA芯片技术,筛选野生型(WT)和βb2基因敲除(KO)小鼠睾丸组织(均n=3)中lncRNA及信使RNA(mRNA)表达谱的变化;对差异表达lncRNA和mRNA进行GO数据库分析及KEGG数据库分析,建立调控网络图;采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)验证差异表达的lncRNA和mRNA,探讨调控通路.结果 (1)两组小鼠睾丸组织差异表达的lncRNA共140条,mRNA共477条;(2)通过GO数据库分析,筛选出差异表达lncRNA共12条,其中上调7条,下调5条;(3)经KEGG数据库进行路径分析,发现差异表达mRNA主要经由Ca2+信号、配体-受体相互作用等信号通路起作用;(4)用关联矩阵法建立了lncRNA和mRNA共表达网络图,共有17个节点,12条连接,包含9条lncRNA和8条mRNA;其中Rsl1由3条lncRNA调控,Lpo和Mpo各由2条lncRNA调控,Hdac1、Ephb4等各由1条lncRNA调控.(5) qRT-PCR分析结果表明,在βB2基因敲除小鼠睾丸组织中,lncRNA A-30-P01019163和P2rx7的表达均下调(P＜0.05).结论 lncRNA与βB2基因的晶状体外功能密切相关,其中lncRNA A-30-P01019163可能通过调控下游P2rx7 mRNA的表达影响睾丸组织细胞周期及信号转导,进而调控睾丸发育.     

APP/PS1转基因小鼠脑组织环状RNA的差异表达谱及相关ceRNA构建

目的：探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型小鼠脑组织中环状RNA(circRNA)的差异表达谱,构建circRNA-miRNA-mRNA调控网络,明确circRNA在AD发生中的调控机制。方法：采用基因芯片技术检测APP/PS1转基因AD模型小鼠大脑中circRNA的差异表达,对差异circRNA进行基因本体论(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路分析,采用实时定量聚合酶链反应验证随机选取的5个差异表达的circRNA,构建circRNA-miRNA-mRNA,进行AD靶基因功能预测分析。结果：共筛选出52个差异表达的circRNA,其中28个上调,24个下调。GO和KEGG的富集分析结果显示,差异表达的circRNA的亲本基因主要参与神经系统发育、蛋白质结合、RNA运输、调控干细胞多能性的信号通路和Hippo信号通路。生物学信息分析成功构建circRNA-miRNA-mRNA的竞争性内源(ceRNA)网络,显示这些靶基因富集的功能可能通过小分子结合、浆膜、cAMP信号通路和Rap1信号通路发挥作用。结论：AD模型小鼠大脑中存在多种差异表达的circRNA,这些差异基因可能通过ci...     

基于mRNA高通量测序筛选调控小鼠术后谵妄重要差异基因

目的 基于高通量测序技术筛选小鼠海马组织中术后谵妄(POD)发生的相关重要差异基因。方法 将16只健康雌性C57小鼠随机分为术后谵妄(POD组)和对照组(CON组),每组8只。采用异氟烷麻醉下剖腹探查构建POD模型,术后多时间点行为学检测POD改变。于造模后24 h收集小鼠海马组织进行高通量测序,对显著差异基因进行基因本体(GO)分析及京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路数据库分析,采用RT-qPCR验证关键差异表达基因(DEGs)。结果 相比于对照组,POD组共鉴定了105个DEGs,其中79个DEGs上调,26个DEGs下调;GO分析结果显示,主要富集的生物过程包括应激反应、代谢过程等,主要表达于细胞器、细胞膜,参与的分子过程涉及转录活性调节等。KEGG分析提示,通路主要富集于NF-κB、趋化因子、mTOR、FoxO和Hippo等信号通路;综合上述结果并结合RT-qPCR验证筛选出Cdkn1a、Nfkbia、Card14、Wnt3、Bcl2、Gng11、Grm3和Akt2 8个关键基因。结论 高通量测序筛选出的差异表达基因,可能通过NF-κB、趋化因子、mTOR等信号通路介导P...     

新疆维吾尔族胃癌合并幽门螺旋杆菌感染患者差异表达基因分析

目的 分析研究维吾尔族胃癌合并幽门螺旋杆菌感染患者差异表达基因,筛选胃癌发生发展过程中的关键基因和信号通路。方法 对2017年1-12月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院的5名维吾尔族胃癌合并幽门螺旋杆菌感染患者胃癌组织和癌旁组织进行基因芯片检测,获取胃癌合并幽门螺旋杆菌感染的基因表达谱,并进行差异表达基因筛选。采用基因本体（GO）和京都基因和基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析了解差异基因的功能,并通过STRING数据库和Cytoscape分析差异基因编码蛋白之间的互作网络进一步筛选调控关键基因,qRT-PCR对挑选的基因进行表达量验证分析。结果 通过比较分析胃癌组织和癌旁组织芯片数据,共筛选出差异表达基因919个（P<0.05,Fold change≥2）,其中上调251个,下调668个。GO分类注释显示,差异基因与胃酸分泌、甲状腺激素代谢、氧化还原酶活性、细胞稳态、磷脂易位、鞘磷脂代谢等生物功能存在密切关联。KEGG通路分析显示,细胞周期、P53信号通路、Nothch信号通路、鞘糖脂生物合成、DNA复制、错配修复、细胞粘附分子、脂肪消化吸收等信号通路可能在胃癌合并幽门螺旋杆菌感染过...     

基于转录组测序技术的椎间盘退变特异基因表达谱分析

目的 通过筛选分析椎间盘退变过程中的表达变化基因寻找临床治疗间盘退变的新靶点。方法 运用转录组测序技术评估了临床采集到的椎间盘退变患者（IDD,n=4）和非IDD（n=3）椎间盘样本,筛选出具有显著性的差异基因并利用基因本体论(GO）数据库和京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)数据库进行基因功能富集,筛选在IDD进展中可能起关键作用的基因和信号通路,最后使用qRT-PCR技术对上述识别到的部分显著差异基因进行验证。结果 测序结果识别出512个显著差异基因（DEGs）,GO数据库主要将这些DEGs主要富集到角化、细胞外基质（ECM）构成、生长因子结合以及炎症趋化作用,而KEGG富集分析的前10通路分别为：阿米巴病、病毒蛋白与细胞因子及其受体的相互作用、ECM受体的相互作用、IL-17信号通路、细胞因子与其受体的相互作用、TNF信号通路、糖尿病并发症中的AGE-RAGE信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、趋化因子信号通路以及雌激素信号通路。选取的 13个作为qRT-PCR验证目标的DEGs在两组间表达具有差异显著性（P<0.001）,且所有的DEGs的表达趋势均与RNA-seq结果一致,其中3个基因组间差异倍数不显著（Log2FoldChange≤1）,其余10个基因具有差异显著性（Log2FoldChange>1）。结论 ECM、生长因子、胶原纤维蛋白组分、炎症趋化因子以及TNF-α和PI3K-Akt信号通路在IDD进展过程中发挥重要作用,这些因素可能成为椎间盘退变临床治疗的新靶点。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.