经皮椎体后凸成形术联合辛伐他汀治疗脊柱压缩性骨折的临床疗效分析

目的通过经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)联合辛伐他汀治疗脊柱压缩性骨折患者,探究其临床疗效以及对患者骨密度的影响,旨在为临床治疗提供参考。方法南京市中西医结合医院骨二科2014年10月-2016年10月收治96例椎体压缩骨折患者,根据随机数字表法分为PKP治疗组和PKP联合辛伐他汀治疗组,每组48例。比较两组患者治疗前后ODI、VAS评分,椎体高度、Cobb角及骨密度以及两组患者椎体骨折再发率与不良反应的发生率。结果两组术后12个月内无随访脱落。治疗后,两组的ODI与VAS评分均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),且PKP联合辛伐他汀治疗组ODI、VAS评分改善程度显著优于PKP治疗组(t=12.142,P=0.000;t=7.891,P=0.000);治疗后,两组椎体高度与Cobb角均显著降低(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组骨密度均显著升高(P<0.05),且PKP联合辛伐他汀治疗组骨密度显著高于PKP治疗组(t=14.908,P=0.000);治疗后,两组椎体骨折再发率分别为4.17%、18.75%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=5.031,P=0.025);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PKP联合辛伐他汀治疗脊柱压缩性骨折患者,不仅能够有效止痛,恢复脊柱功能,还可以提高患者骨密度,降低再次骨折的发生率,值得进一步推广。     

经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗创伤性脊柱骨折疗效观察

【摘要】 目的 探讨经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗创伤性脊柱骨折的临床疗效。方法 选取2019 年4月至2020 年1 月鹤壁市人民医院收治的72 例创伤性脊柱骨折患者作为研究对象, 并按照治疗方法将其分为观察组与对照组, 每组36 例?观察组患者采用经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗, 对照组患者采用开放式椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗, 对比观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间、并发症发生情况及椎体前缘高度、Cobb 角与Oswestry 功能障碍指数(ODI) 评分变化情况。结果 观察组患者手术时间、住院时间均短于对照组(t =15.304、18.129, P均< 0.001), 术中出血量、术后引流量均少于对照组(t = 24.223、20.827,P均<0.001); 术后6 个月,观察组患者椎体前缘高度明显高于对照组,Cobb角明显小于对照组,ODI评分明显低于对照组(t =5.509、16.888?19.759, P 均<0.001); 观察组患者术后并发症发生率为5.56%,明显低于对照组患者的术后并发症发生率22.22% (χ2 =4.181,P =0.041)。结论 与开放式椎弓根螺钉内固定术相比,经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定术可明显提高创伤性脊柱骨折患者的复位效果,缩短手术时间及住院时间,减少并发症的发生,临床应用价值更高。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术与经皮椎体成形术治疗老年椎体压缩性骨折疗效对比

目的 对比分析经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)与经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗老年椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年1月郑州市第七人民医院收治的87例老年椎体压缩性骨折患者作为研究对象,按照不同治疗方法将其分为PKP组(43例)和PVP组(44例),PKP组患者采用PKP治疗,PVP组患者采用PVP治疗,对比观察两组患者椎体恢复情况、疼痛程度以及生活质量。结果 术后即刻及术后3个月,PKP组患者椎体前柱高度、椎体中柱高度均明显高于PVP组(术后即刻:t=3.366、2.668,P=0.001、0.009;术后3个月:t=3.658、3.847,P<0.001、P=0.002),椎体前柱高度恢复率明显大于PVP组(t=8.115、6.065,P均<0.001),后凸角角度明显小于PVP组(t=4.655、5.716,P均<0.001)。术后3个月,PKP组患者视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分明显低于PVP组(t=2.652,P=0.009),健康调查量表36 (SF-36)中的生理机能、生理职能评分均明显高于PVP组(t=2.187、3.013,P=0...     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折疗效分析

目的 探究经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效。方法 选取2019年12月至2020年1 1月泰兴市中医院收治的154例OVCF患者作为研究对象,并按照随机数表法将其随机分为观察组(77例)与对照组(77例),观察组患者采用PVP治疗,对照组患者采用过伸复位治疗,对比观察两组患者疼痛程度、椎体功能、伤椎前缘高度、Cobb角以及并发症发生情况结果 术后1周及术后1、5个月,观察组患者视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分均明显低于对照组(VAS:t=1.985、2.733、2.490,P=0.049、0.007、0.014;ODI:t=2.726、8.181、8.497,P=0.007、P<0.001、P<0.001);术后1个月,观察组患者伤椎前缘高度明显高于对照组(t=6.786,P <0.001),Cobb角明显小于对照组(t=20.927,P<0.001);观察组患者术后并发症发生率为5.19%,明显低于对照组患者的术后并发症发生率15.58%(χ²=4.464,...     

后路椎弓根内固定术联合椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰段脊柱骨折疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨后路椎弓根内固定术联合椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰段脊柱骨折的临床疗效。方法 选取2017年2月至2020年2月驻马店段庄孙全贵骨科医院收治的126例老年胸腰段脊柱骨折患者作为研究对象, 并按照不同治疗方法将其分为研究组(63例)与对照组(63例),研究组患者采用后路椎弓根内固定术联合椎 体成形术治疗,对照组患者单纯采用后路椎弓根内固定术治疗,对比观察两组患者 Cobb角、椎管狭窄率(SSR)、椎体高度压缩率、内固定松动率及骨性愈合率。结果 术后 7 d 及术后 6 个月, 研究组患者 Cobb 角、SSR、椎体前缘压缩率及椎体后缘压缩率均明显小于对照组 (术后 7 d: t = 17.860、7.559、6.251、8.402, P均<0.001;术后6个月:t=16.460、9.641、8.122、9.107,P均<0.001); 术后6个月, 研究组患者内固定松动率为4.8%, 与对照组患者的内固定松动率14.3%无明显差异 (χ2=3.316, P = 0.069); 术后 6 个月, 研究组患者骨性愈合率为95.2%,显著高于对照组患者的骨性愈合率 58.7% (χ2=23.695, P<0.001)。结论 后路椎弓根内固定术联合椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰段脊柱骨折, 有利于椎体高度重建, 减少椎管狭窄的发生,促进骨性愈合,治疗效果较好,值得临床推广应用。     

骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折 PVP 术后邻近椎体再骨折危险因素分析

【摘要】 目的 分析骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折经皮椎体成形术(PVP)术后邻近椎体再骨折的危险因素? 方 法 选取2016年6月至2017年6月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八八医院收治并行PVP治疗的150例骨质 疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象, 收集患者性别?年龄?骨折病史?骨折类型?骨折椎体数量?术前骨密度?术后即刻 Cobb角?骨水泥注射剂量及骨水泥渗漏情况, 根据PVP术后是否发生邻近椎体骨折将患者分为再骨折组和未再骨折组,分析骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折PVP术后邻近椎体再骨折的相关危险因素? 结果 150 例患者术后出现邻近椎体骨折31例(20.67% ),设为再骨折组; 未出现邻近椎体骨折119例(79.33% ),设为未再骨折组? 单因素分析结果显示, 再骨折组患者中女性?骨折病史及骨水泥渗漏比例明显高于未再骨折组( χ 2 = 3.865? 9.445? 4.186, P = 0.049? P < 0.001? P = 0.041), 年龄明显高于未再骨折组( t = 3.049, P = 0.012), 术前骨密度明显低于未再骨折组( t = 3.402, P = 0.014), 术后即刻 Cobb角明显大于未再骨折组( t = 4.304, P < 0.001), 骨水泥注射剂量明显少于未再骨折组( t = 2.496, P = 0.047); 多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示, 女性?高龄?骨密度低? Cobb 角过大?骨水泥注射剂量过少及骨水泥渗漏是骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折PVP术后邻近椎体再骨折的独立危险因素(P 均 < 0.05)? 结论 骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折PVP术后邻近椎体再骨折与患者性别?年龄?骨密度? Cobb角? 骨水泥注射剂量及骨水泥渗漏情况密切相关?     

单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合经椎间孔椎间融合治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合经椎间孔椎间融合治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法 选取 2020 年 1 月至 2022 年 1 月驻马店魏道德骨科医院收治的 96 例骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象, 按照不同治疗方法将其分为研究组 (45 例) 与常规组 (51 例), 研究组患者采用单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合经椎间孔椎间融合治疗, 常规组患者单纯采用单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗, 对比观察两组患者手术相关指标、椎体解剖结构及功能、疼痛程度、并发症发生情况与再骨折情况。 结果 研究组患者术中出血量明显多于常规组 (t = 39.581, P<0.001), 术后下床活动时间、住院时间均明显长于常规组 ( t = 36.312、19.972, P均<0.001); 术后 12个月, 研究组患者伤椎椎体前缘高度明显高于常规组 ( t = 4.914, P< 0.001), 椎体压缩率、Cobb 角、受压面积均明显小于常规组 (t = 8.922、16.056、8.483, P 均<0.001), Oswestry 功能障碍指数 (ODI)评分及视觉模拟评分法 (VAS) 评分均明显低于常规组 ( t = 10.633、12.680, P 均<0.001); 术后随访 12 个月,研究组患者术后并发症发生率为 2.22%, 与常规组患者的术后并发症发生率 9.80%无明显差异 (χ2 = 2.345, P =0.126), 而再骨折率为 0%, 明显低于常规组患者的再骨折率 11.76% (χ2 = 5.647, P = 0.017)。 结论 单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合经椎间孔椎间融合治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折, 虽可延长术后下床活动时间及住院时间, 但能有效恢复伤椎椎体解剖结构, 提高椎体功能, 减轻患者疼痛, 降低再骨折率, 疗效显著, 值得临床推广应用。     

经伤椎内固定对胸腰段脊柱骨折复位效果及椎管侵占率的影响

目的研究探讨经伤椎内固定对胸腰段脊柱骨折复位效果及椎管侵占率的影响。方法选取2014年5月至2018年5月泗阳县人民医院骨科收治的114例胸腰段脊柱骨折患者作为研究对象,并按照随机数表法将其随机分为观察组(59例)与对照组(55例),其中观察组患者采用经伤椎内固定治疗,对照组患者采用跨伤椎内固定治疗,对比两组患者手术相关指标及矢状位Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度和椎管侵占率变化情况。结果观察组患者手术时间明显长于对照组(t=4.011,P=0.000),术中出血量明显多于对照组(t=11.470,P=0.000),首次下床时间及住院时间与对照组无明显差异(P均>0.05);术后3、6、12个月观察组患者矢状位Cobb角均明显小于对照组(t=30.600、34.820、27.130,P均=0.000),伤椎前缘高度均明显大于对照组(t=19.150、25.130、27.930,P均=0.000),椎管侵占率均明显低于对照组(t=22.080、20.680、23.000,P均=0.000)。结论与跨伤椎内固定相比,经伤椎内固定能够更好地重建椎体生理高度,降低椎管侵占率,矫正脊柱畸形,恢复脊柱正常解剖结构,临床应用价值较高。     

单双侧经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折疗效对比

【摘要】 目的 对比分析单双侧经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法 选取2018 年 5 月至 2020 年 6 月河南省洛阳正骨医院收治的 104 例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者作为研究对象, 并按照治疗方法将其分为单侧组与双侧组, 每组 52 例。单侧组患者采用单侧经皮椎体成形术治疗, 双侧组患者采用双侧经皮椎体成形术治疗, 对比两组患者手术时间、视觉模拟评分法 (VAS) 评分、椎体前缘高度、Cobb 角以及并发症发生情况。 结果 单侧组患者手术时间明显短于双侧组 (t = 29.664, P < 0.001); 术后 1 个月, 单侧组患者VAS评分、椎体前缘高度及 Cobb 角与双侧组无明显差异 ( t = 0.312、0.487、0.657, P = 0.756、0.627?0.513); 单侧组患者并发症发生率与双侧组无明显差异 (χ2= 0.343, P = 0.558)。结论 单双侧经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折均可取得满意的治疗效果, 但单侧经皮椎体成形术手术时间较短, 操作更简便。     

脊柱骨盆矢状面平衡参数对老年单节段骨质疏松压缩性骨折行PKP术后继发椎体骨折的影响

目的探讨脊柱骨盆矢状面平衡参数对老年单节段骨质疏松压缩性骨折(OVCF)行经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(PKP)术后继发椎体骨折的影响。方法回顾性分析2016年12月-2018年12月在四川省第二中医医院骨伤科确诊并行PKP治疗的128例单节段OVCF患者的临床资料,根据PKP术后是否继发椎体骨折将其分为继发组(n=60)和未继发组(n=68),在站立位全脊柱侧位X线片上测量脊柱骨盆矢状面平衡参数,比较两组手术相关资料、VAS评分、ODI评分、脊柱骨盆矢状面平衡参数。结果两组骨水泥用量差异无统计学意义(t=1.446,P=0.151);两组手术节段、手术入路差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.187、0.008,P=0.911、0.929)。继发组VAS评分、ODI评分明显高于未继发组(t=5.717、9.935,P=0.000、0.000)。两组胸腰椎后凸角(TLK)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)差异无统计学意义(t=0.953、1.086,P=0.342、0.279)。继发组矢状面偏移(SVA)明显高于未继发组(Z=-9.142,P=0.000),胸椎后凸角(TK)明显高于未继发组(t=3.827,P=0.000),腰椎前凸角(LL)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、骨盆入射角(PI)明显低于未继发组(t=4.002、4.794、4.078,P=0.000、0.000、0.000)。结论较小SVA、TK及较大LL、SS、PI可减小老年单节段骨质疏松压缩性骨折患者PKP术后继发椎体骨折的概率。     

Angiographic demonstration of cervical extradural meningioma

Summary The diagnosis of a cervical extradural meningioma was made preoperatively on the basis of angiographic criteria. The entire extent of the tumor that partially encircled the dural sac could be demonstrated with regional spinal angiography.     

Double spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: case report and review of the literature

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is the most common spinal vascular malformation. It mainly affects men after the fifth decade and is usually an acquired lesion with an unknown etiology. We report on a patient with the unusual finding of two separate SDAVFs at the level of L1 on the right and L2 on the left side. Initial selective spinal digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was terminated with demonstration of a SDAVF at the level of L1 but incomplete demonstration of all segmental arteries. Due to a recurrent deterioration of the patients neurological status, and persistent pathological vessels seen on MRI, a second spinal DSA was performed 6 years later, demonstrating the second fistula at the level of L2 on the left side with a separate venous drainage pattern. A retrospective analysis of the angiographic films suggested that both fistulas had already been present 6 years previously. This conclusion is justified because of a transient and faint opacification of the left L2 fistula demonstrated on the films after injection of the right L2 segmental artery. We conclude that in the case of incomplete angiography and persistent clinical and MR findings not only reopening of the treated SDAVF has to be taken into account but also the existence of a second fistula. Since this is the first case of a double fistula in our series of 129 SDAVFs, and given the few reported cases of double SDAVFs, we do not think that completion of selective spinal DSA has to be postulated routinely after a fistula has been found. However, repeat angiography should be performed in patients who continue to deteriorate, fail to improve with persisting MRI pathologies, or demonstrate delayed deterioration after a period of improvement.     

Calcified intramedullary aneurysm in spinal angioma

Summary A case of a calcified intramedullary aneurysm in a spinal angioma is presented. The value of preoperative angiography in the evaluation of intraspinal calcifications is discussed.     

Spinal vascular malformations

Spinal vascular malformations are rare diseases that consist of true inborn cavernomas and arteriovenous malformations (including perimedullary fistulae, glomerular and juvenile AVMs) and presumably acquired dural arteriovenous fistulae. This review article gives an overview of the imaging features both on MRI and angiography, the differential diagnoses, the clinical symptomatology and the potential therapeutic approaches to these diseases. It is concluded that MRI is the diagnostic modality of first choice in suspected spinal vascular malformation and should be complemented by selective spinal angiography. Treatment in symptomatic patients offers an improvement in the prognosis, but should be performed in specialized centers. Patients with spinal cord cavernomas and perimedullary fistulae type I are surgical candidates. Dural arteriovenous fistulae can either be operated upon or can be treated by an endovascular approach, the former being a simple, quick and secure approach to obliterate the fistula, while the latter is technically demanding. In spinal arteriovenous malformations, the endovascular approach is the method of first choice; in selected cases, a combined therapy might be sensible.     

Normal development of the spinal cord in neonates and infants seen on ultrasonography

Summary The normal development of the spinal cord from the fetal period to infancy was studied by ultrasonography (US) with a 7.5 MHz transducer. Longitudinal and transverse sections of the spinal cord were clearly observed. The sagittal and transverse diameters of the spinal cord increased with age. In order to evaluate disorders of the spinal cord precisely, it is necessary to clarify the normal features as well as the normal development of the spinal canal and cord, and the surrounding structures. US with such a high frequency transducer will be the most suitable for this purpose.     

Biomechanics of the spine. Part II: Spinal instability

Spine stability is the basic requirement to protect nervous structures and prevent the early deterioration of spinal components. All bony and soft spinal components contribute to stability, so any degenerative, traumatic or destructive lesion to any spinal structure gives rise to some degree of instability.     

Initial imaging strategies in spinal trauma patients

A review is presented of the radiographs that should be taken of the spine of a severely injured spinal trauma patient within the first 24 h. The patient will probably present to a small local hospital or health care centre; the capacities and skills of such a small radiological unit are discussed. Consideration is then given to the radiological procedures which a specialized trauma centre should undertake after transfer of the patients. The main emphasis of the review is on plain films.     

Evaluation of clinical and MR findings for the prognosis of spinal epidural haematomas

AIM: The potential of MR and clinical findings of spinal epidural haematomas (SEHs), particularly the early MR findings, to help minimize delays in diagnosis, to aid prognosis and as a reference for conservative treatment, are evaluated. METHODS: Retrospectively 20 patients with SEHs (14 men and 6 women) were examined to record their neurological deficit, MR findings, management, clinical outcome, and interval between symptom onset and MRI or surgery. Two-tailed Fisher's exact test was used for these analyses. RESULTS: Of 8 patients with severe neurological deficit at the onset of symptoms, none had obvious clinical improvement after either surgical or conservative management. Of 12 patients with mild to moderate deficits, 11 (92%) showed improvement or recovery of clinical symptoms. T2-weighted images revealed myelopathy or infarction of the compressed spinal cord in 9 patients, 7 (78%) of whom had no improvement in neurological deficit with either conservative or surgical management. Images in 6 patients showed contrast enhancement in the haematomas. CONCLUSION: Poor clinical outcomes were observed mainly in those with severe neurological deficit and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images of the involved spinal cord. Surgery did not appear to improve outcome in many of these patients. In acute SEHs, MRI showed characteristic findings, such as contrast enhancement, which should not be confused with signs of inflammatory or neoplastic epidural disease.     

Hangman骨折的前路手术治疗

目的探讨Hangman骨折前路减压融合内固定的临床疗效。方法本组男7例，女1例；年龄33—71岁，平均42岁。Levine—EdwardsⅠ型1例，Ⅱ例6例，ⅡA型1例。脊髓功能依美国脊髓损伤学会(ASIA)评分，C级2例，D级3例，E级3例。患者先行颅骨牵引复位，然后全麻下采用高位前方咽后入路显露C2.3，椎体，切除C2.3，椎间盘组织，充分减压，C2.3，椎间植骨钢板内固定。术后颈围保护6—8周，早期下床功能锻炼。结果本组患者术后3个月内均获骨性愈合，无一例出现椎体位移和成角畸形。术前神经功能正常者，术后无一例出现神经损害症状，不全瘫患者均有不同程度恢复。结论C2.3前路减压融合内固定治疗Hangman骨折，能有效维持理想的复位，获得坚强的生物学稳定。     

Angiography in the investigation of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula

Summary The authors present their protocol for spinal angiography in their investigation of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). The protocol has been used in approximately 120 patients from 1983 to the present at Bicetre Hospital. The approach is based on the fact that venous congestion is responsible for the myelopathy of DAVF. If the venous phase of the spinal circulation is normal, this alone rules out DAVF as the cause of the patient's symptoms. If there is stasis in the spinal circulation, this is consistent with DAVF, and thus complete spinal angiography is necessary. Complete angiography includes the selective intercostal arteries, including the lateral sacrals, as well as the supply to the cervical cord and posterior fossa.