中医辨证治疗甲状腺功能减退症的效果观察

目的 探讨中医辨证治疗甲状腺功能减退症的临床效果,以指导临床治疗.方法 将158例甲状腺功能减退症患者随机分成两组,每组79例.其中治疗组采用辨证论治的方法自拟药方行中医治疗;对照组采用中成药金匮肾气丸治疗,比较两组的临床疗效.结果 治疗组总有效率为89.87％ （71/79）,对照组总有效率为69.62％（55/79）,治疗组的疗效明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 采用中医辨证疗法治疗甲状腺功能减退症,能够有效改善甲状腺的功能.中医辨证疗法比单用一味中成药的疗效全面,且副作用小,使用安全,值得临床推广应用.     

Recent studies on traditional Chinese medicinal plants

This review will discuss several new drugs which were discovered and developed in recent years from traditional Chinese medicines by the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica. Huperzine A was isolated from Huperzia serrata, a plant used for the treatment of contusion, strain, haematuria, and swelling in Chinese folk medicine. Pharmacological studies have indicated that huperzine A has powerful and reversible anticholinesterase activity. Y-maze methods have shown that huperzine A improves learning and retrieval processes, and facilitates memory retention. Huperzine A is used to treat patients with myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer's disease in China. Sarmentosin, a cyanogenic glucoside was isolated from the whole plant of Sedum sarmentosium. This plant has long been used to treat hepatitis by folk medicine. Sarmentosin significantly lowers the SGPT level of patients suffering from chronic viral hepatitis, and shows a suppressive effect on cell-mediated immune responses in mice. The root of Aconitum is well known in traditional Chinese medicine. Many Aconitum alkaloids have been isolated. Most show potent bioactivities, but with severe toxicity. Recently, some alkaloids such as 3-acetylaconitine, lappaconitine, have shown significant anesthetic activity and exhibit a higher therapeutic index. Guan-fu base A was isolated from the tuber root of Aconitum coreanum. Guan-fu base A has antiarrhythmic action and is now in clinical trials. Drug Dev. Res. 39:147–157. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

48种中药材的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性研究(英文)

乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂是治疗阿尔茨海默病的一个重要策略。本研究对48种中药材的乙醇提取物和水提取物进行了体外AChE抑制活性的筛选,微板测试法结果表明28种中药材的乙醇提取物和11种中药材的水提取物具有AChE抑制活性。其中,香薷、益智仁、生地黄和荷叶乙醇提取物的AChE抑制活性最强,它们在终浓度为0.1mg/mL时的抑制活性分别为(68.63±1.12)%,(44.49±3.66)%,(43.78±4.76)%和(42.63±8.31)%。薄层色谱–生物自显影的方法亦证明了这四种中药材具有抑制AChE的活性成分。本实验结果为治疗阿尔茨海默病中药的传统应用提供了部分支持。     

HPLC—DAD—MS联用法检测中药降糖制剂及胶囊壳中非法添加罗格列酮的研究

目的:建立检测中药降糖制剂及胶囊壳中非法添加的罗格列酮的专属性方法。方法:采用液相色谱-质谱联用法,样品以 Agilent TC-C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱进行分离,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液(30:70)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长范围为200～400 nm,分流比为4:1。采用电喷雾离子化正离子检测模式(ESI~ ),m/z 范围为100～800amu,毛细管电压为 3.2 kV,脱溶剂气(N_2)为350 L·h~(-1),锥孔反吹气为50 L·h~(-1),锥孔电压为45 V,脱溶剂温度为150℃,源温度为105℃,检测方式为全扫描质谱。通过液相色谱保留时间、紫外光谱图、相对分子质量及源内 CID(碰撞诱导裂解)碎片离子等信息,对中药降糖制剂及胶囊壳的提取液进行液相色普-质谱分析。通过与罗格列酮的色谱及质谱行为相比较,对中药降糖制剂及胶囊壳中非法添加的罗格列酮进行检测。结果:在市售某中药降糖制剂或胶囊壳中检测到罗格列酮。结论:该方法选择性强,灵敏度高,可用于非法添加化学降糖药罗格列酮的药品快速检测方法的研究。     

中药天然药物活性成分的研究方法

中药天然药物活性成分研究的早期方法盲目性大，耗时、费资。较新的研究方法有两种．第一种为活性指导下的靶向追踪分离方法，用这种方法研究了中药薤白中的活血化瘀活性成分，中药粉背薯芋、总合草苔虫及黑果黄皮中的抗癌活性成分。第二种为体内代谢方法，用此法对桑白皮中的平喘成分，及穿心莲内酯的体内代谢产物进行了研究。论述了中药天然药物活性成分研究面临的困难、改进方法的思考及展望。     

5种卷柏科药材的显微与薄层色谱鉴定

目的:建立5种卷柏科药材(卷柏、垫状卷柏、江南卷柏、翠云草、薄叶卷柏)的显微与薄层色谱鉴定方法。方法:对茎横切面进行显微观察及对全草进行薄层色谱研究,通过比较,确立各种药材的鉴别特征。结果:5种药材均有稳定的显微特征及各自的薄层色谱。结论:研究结果为5种卷柏类药材的应用提供了鉴别依据;并说明比较研究是中药鉴定学科中不可忽视的基本方法。     

中药注射剂不良反应103例分析

目的 了解中药注射剂不良反应的发生情况.方法 对解放军第九八医院不良反应监测中心2009年1至12月收集到的103例中药注射剂不良反应病例报告进行统计和分析.结果 103例中药注射剂不良反应涉及的中药品种有25种;新出现的不良反应有24例,占23.3%;严重的不良反应有10例,占9.7%.不良反应累及10个系统-器官;不良反应发生率老年人最高,为18.5%.结论 中药注射剂在临床应用广泛,应对其不良反应高度重视,提高合理用药水平.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the incidence rate and manifestation of the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) indueed by traditional Chinese medicinal injections. Methods Totally 103 cases of ADRs induced by traditional Chinese medicinal injections were analyzed statistically. Results Twenty five kinds of traditional Chinese medicinal injections were involved in the total 103 ADR cages. 24 cases(23.30% )presented with new ADRs, 10cases(9.71% )presented with serious A DRs. 10 systems-organs were involved. A DRs were mostly seen in aged patients( 18.45% ). Conclusion The use of Chinese medicinal iniections is widespread in the clinic. It is important to attach importance to the ADRs caused by which to promote rational drug use.     

中药中重金属新型检测技术的研究进展

近年来,中药中存在的重金属问题已引起国内外各检测机构的高度重视,重金属超标已成为影响中药出口,阻碍我国中医药走向世界的瓶颈,因此准确检测和限定重金属的含量已是当务之急。该文对国内外中药中重金属的行业标准进行了介绍,并对重金属新型的检测技术进行了总结和评述,同时还对该领域未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

微生物转化在现代中药研发中的应用

Microbial transformation refers to using one or more microbial enzymes to convert a compound into another structure-related compound which has economic value under certain conditions. In recent years, microbial transformation technology has been more and more applied to the research of traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose includes improving the efficacy, reducing toxicity, removing impurities, helping the active ingredients to be metabolized in the body, and producing new active ingredients. In addition, microbial transformation has many advantages, such as a wide variety of reaction types, strong specificity, few by-products, mild and controllable reaction conditions, environmental protection and less pollution and thus it has unique advantages in the transformation of traditional Chinese medicine. This article summarizes the application and prospect of microbial transformation technology in the research of traditional Chinese medicine in recent     

微生物转化在现代中药研发中的应用

微生物转化是指利用微生物的一种或多种酶,在一定条件下,把一种化合物转变为结构相关的有经济价值的另一种化合物。近年来,微生物转化技术越来越多地应用于中药的研发,目的在于提高中药药效,降低毒性,去除杂质,帮助有效成分在体内代谢,产生新的活性成分等。此外,微生物转化具有反应类型广、特异性强、副产物少、反应条件温和可控、环保无污染等优点,在中药转化领域具有独特优势。本文总结了近年来微生物转化技术在中药研发中的应用情况并进行了展望。     

Application of near infrared spectroscopy to the analysis and fast quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicinal products

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely applied in both qualitative and quantitative analysis. There is growing interest in its application to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and a review of recent developments in the field is timely. To present an overview of recent applications of NIRS to the identification, classification and analysis of TCM products, studies describing the application of NIRS to TCM products are classified into those involving qualitative and quantitative analysis. In addition, the application of NIRS to the detection of illegal additives and the rapid assessment of quality of TCMs by fast inspection are also described. This review covers over 100 studies emphasizing the application of NIRS in different fields. Furthermore, basic analytical principles and specific examples are used to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of NIRS in pattern identification. NIRS provides an effective and powerful tool for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of TCM products.Key words: Near infrared spectroscopy, Traditional Chinese medicine, Quality control, Fast inspection     

西地那非原料及其中成药制剂的红外光谱鉴别

目的检查非法生产的枸橼酸西地那非原料和非法加入补肾壮阳中成药及性保健药品中的枸橼酸西地那非.方法建立化学分离方法,从高效液相色谱法初步确认含有枸橼酸西地那非的原料药、中成药及性保健品中分离提取西地那非,并用中红外分光光度法(溴化钾压片)进行定性鉴别.结果对高效液相色谱法检测含有西地那非的28批原料、62批各种剂型的中成药,进行红外鉴定,均检出含有西地那非.结论该方法专属性强,快速,简便.     

煎服治疗风湿痹证的中药汤剂应注意的细节

针对治疗风湿痹证的中药汤剂的特点,对煎煮过程中常规煎法的煎煮时间、需采用特殊煎法的中药饮片进行了归纳;对服用过程中药引的应用、服药温度和时间、饮食宜忌等细节进行了说明。还对含有毒中药的此类汤剂的服用注意事项、此类中药汤剂与西药同用的禁忌以及此类外用汤剂的使用细节进行了探讨,为临床上安全、合理、有效地运用中药汤剂治疗风湿痹证提供参考。     

中药煎煮法的现代研究概况

综述了近年来国内学者对中药煎煮煎药器具、入药顺序、煎前浸泡、煎煮用水量、煎煮火候与温度、煎煮时间与次数等内容的现代研究成果,为深入研究中药煎煮法提供了参考,对患者煎煮中药亦有裨益。     

我国中药产业管理体制的变迁及中药材按照药品管理的思考

虽然<中国药典>2010年版正式收载中药饮片,但是目前影响中药饮片行业发展的问题依然十分突出,与国家对中药饮片在医疗保障体系中发挥更大作用的要求不适应.简要介绍新中国成立以来中药产业管理体制的历史沿革及变迁,展示我国中药材和中药饮片产业的发展成就,并针对目前存在的主要问题提出解决建议.根据目前中药材作为药品源头出现的问...     

传统中药汤剂与免煎中药饮片的对比

免煎中药饮片是中药汤剂改革的一种现代化的尝试,由于对免煎中药饮片的相关研究还比较薄弱,目前也没有免煎中药饮片的专用质量控制标准,在免煎中药饮片的临床应用中也出现了很多问题,这些都需要我们立足于传统中医药理论,拓宽思路,结合现代实验研究的手段,使免煎中药饮片向合理化、普遍化的方向发展.     

紧张型头痛患者中医心理紊乱状态与中医证候的相关性研究

目的探讨中医心理紊乱状态与紧张型头痛（TTH）中医证侯的相关性。方法临床观察236例紧张型头痛伴中医心理紊乱状态患者,采用结构式问卷收集资料,建立数据库,探讨TTH中医心理紊乱状态与中医证候的相关性。结果存在思虑过度状态的患者,中医证候以风痰候和风瘀候为主;存在郁闷不舒状态的患者,中医证候以风痰候和风瘀候为主;存在烦躁焦虑状态的患者,中医证候以风火候为主;存在郁闷不舒＋思虑过度的患者,中医证候以风痰候和风瘀候为主;存在郁闷不舒＋烦躁焦虑的患者,中医证候以风痰候、风火候、风瘀候为主;存在精神萎靡状态的患者,中医证候以气血两虚候和阳虚寒凝候为主;存在惊悸不安状态的患者,中医证候以气血两虚候为主。结论紧张型头痛患者伴中医心理紊乱状态与中医证候之间存在相关性。     

中药饮片质量控制的现状与对策

中药饮片的质量控制是目前中药质量控制的最薄弱环节，存在的问题集中表现为：无质量控制标准或质量控制标准低，质量标准不合理，不能反映饮片的药性与药效。要改变这种现状，应采取如下措施：①从药材的源头和流通抓起，控制中药饮片的质量；②完善和规范炮制过程，保证中药饮片的质量稳定性；③加强中药饮片炮制机理和饮片质量标准的基础研究；④大力研制中药饮片现代化生产机械；⑤走名牌战略与法制建设相结合的道路，打造大型中药饮片企业。这些措施的实施，将提升我国中药饮片的质量，为中药现代化和国际化做出贡献。