屈光参差性弱视儿童视网膜神经纤维层和黄斑区视网膜厚度的相关性分析

目的:探究屈光参差性弱视儿童视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)和黄斑区视网膜厚度的变化情况及其相关性。方法:选取2020-10/2021-06在我院眼科治疗的屈光参差性弱视儿童159例159眼作为研究组,选取同期、同年龄段于我院眼科检查视力正常的儿童159例159眼作为对照组。研究组在给予屈光矫正、遮盖健眼的基础上对弱视眼进行传统综合训练结合4D视觉训练。比较研究组治疗前后与对照组RNFL和黄斑区视网膜厚度,分析研究组治疗前RNFL与黄斑区视网膜厚度的相关性。结果:研究组治疗前和治疗3mo后平均、上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧RNFL厚度均高于对照组,且研究组治疗前平均、上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧RNFL厚度均高于治疗3mo后(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前黄斑区外环平均、下方、鼻侧、颞侧、内环鼻侧及中心区视网膜厚度均高于治疗3mo后和对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,研究组上方RNFL厚度与黄斑中心区视网膜厚度呈负相关(r=-0.330,P<0.05),下方、鼻侧RNFL厚度与黄斑区外环和内环颞侧视网膜厚度呈正相关(均P<0.05),颞侧RNFL厚度与黄斑区外环鼻侧和颞侧视网膜厚度...     

飞秒激光LASIK手术负压吸引对视网膜厚度的影响

目的 探讨飞秒激光LASIK手术中负压吸引对近视眼黄斑区视网膜厚度和视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度的影响。设计 前瞻性对照研究。研究对象 接受飞秒激光手术的近视眼患者143例（279眼）。方法 采用相干光断层扫描（OCT）仪对中低度近视组（≥-6.00 D）和高度近视组（<-6.00 D）患者飞秒激光LASIK手术前、手术后1周~1年进行检查,测量以黄斑中心凹为中心3 mm半径内的视网膜平均厚度,以及以视盘为中心直径为3.4 mm的视网膜神经纤维层厚度,并以地形图分4个区域显示。主要指标 黄斑中心凹厚度及视盘周围RNFL厚度。结果 术前两组间各参数比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。术后1年中低度近视组黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度为（147.2±18.3）μm;视盘鼻侧、颞侧、上方、下方的RNFL厚度分别是（62.4±15.7）μm、（94.3±20.2）μm、（136.4±17.6）μm、（131.3±21.7）μm,与术前比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;术后1年高度近视组黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度为（149.3±18.7）μm;视盘鼻侧、颞侧、上方、下方的RNFL厚度分别是（59.3±19.0）μm、（90.7±17.2）μm、（129.2±25.1）μm、（123.3±21.8）μm,与术前比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 飞秒激光LASIK术中吸力环负压吸引未对视网膜神经纤维层厚度造成明显影响。（眼科, 2012, 21: 340-343）     

河北省永年县农村成年人群黄斑区视网膜厚度的流行病学研究：邯郸眼病研究

目的 探讨中国北方农村成年人群黄斑区视网膜厚度与性别、年龄及屈光状态的关系。设计 横断面研究。研究对象 2012-2013年“邯郸眼病研究”河北省永年县人群5394名，平均年龄（57.8±11.2）岁。方法 对所有受试者进行问卷调查、详细的眼科检查及全身系统检查。采用相干光断层扫描（optic coherence tomography，OCT）并利用内置软件根据黄斑区视网膜厚度分为九个区（黄斑中心区、内环上方、内环下方、内环鼻侧、内环颞侧、外环上方、外环下方、外环鼻侧、外环颞侧）测量视网膜厚度。主要指标 黄斑区视网膜厚度。结果 5394名受试者中4735名（87.8%）OCT结果符合纳入标准。黄斑中心区、内环区、外环区平均视网膜厚度分别为（237.73±22.67） μm、（310.26±18.47） μm、（278.36±22.26） μm。男性及女性黄斑厚度分别为中心区（242.40±22.32） μm、（234.03±18.47） μm，内环平均厚度（314.82±18.39） μm、（306.64±17.72） μm，外环平均厚度（280.37±14.33） μm、（276.76±14.40） μm，各区存在明显差异（P均<0.001），且女性视网膜较男性薄。不同年龄组黄斑中心区视网膜厚度与年龄呈非单调曲线关系，约60岁为厚度最大值（P<0.001）。内环区与外环区黄斑视网膜厚度与年龄显著相关，随年龄增长而逐渐变薄（P<0.001）。屈光度与黄斑视网膜厚度存在关联，黄斑中心区、内环区、外环区屈光度每增加1.00 D，对应黄斑厚度改变分别为（-0.6±0.2） μm、（0.2±0.1） μm、（0.5±0.1） μm。结论 河北永年县农村成年人群中，黄斑区视网膜厚度随年龄增长而下降，且不同年龄段视网膜厚度的变化率不同。女性黄斑区视网膜厚度较男性薄。黄斑中心区视网膜厚度随近视屈光度的增加而变薄，而在外环区，视网膜厚度随近视屈光度的增加而增厚。     

剥脱性青光眼视盘视网膜神经纤维层厚度与视野缺损的相关性

探讨不同时期剥脱性青光眼（PXG）患者视盘视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度与视野缺损的相关性。方法：病例对照研究。连续性选取2013年1月至2018年1月在石家庄市第一医院青光眼科住院治疗的PXG患者97例（97眼），并将其分为早期PXG组28例，中期PXG组27例，晚期PXG组42例。另选择与PXG组匹配的正常志愿者32例（32眼）作为正常对照组。所有纳入对象均采用SD-OCT对视盘各区RNFL厚度进行扫描，采用单因素方差分析比较4组受检者视盘各区RNFL厚度差异，采用 Pearson相关分析对视盘RNFL厚度与视野平均缺损相关性进行分析。结果：正常对照组及早、中、晚期PXG组平均视盘RNFL厚度分别为（104±11）μm，（92±14）μm，（82±12）μm，（54±18）μm。4组受检者鼻侧、鼻上方、颞上方、颞侧、颞下方、鼻下方及平均RNFL厚度总体差异均具有统计学意义（F=24.38、36.40、47.84、8.70、95.46、54.75、82.28，均P<0.001）。进一步两两比较发现，正常对照组与早期PXG组颞上方、颞下方、鼻下方及平均视盘RNFL厚度差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；正常对照组与中期PXG组鼻侧、鼻上方、颞上方、颞下方、鼻下方及平均RNFL厚度差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；正常对照组与晚期PXG组各区RNFL厚度差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。中、晚期 PXG组视盘平均RNFL厚度与视野平均缺损呈正相关（r=0.404，P=0.037；r=0.582，P<0.001）。结论：中、晚期PXG眼视盘平均RNFL厚度与视野缺损呈正相关，SD-OCT监测视盘RNFL厚度变化可以作为PXG诊断分期和随访的重要参考指标。     

近视及近视性弱视儿童视网膜神经纤维层OCT检测及分析

目的分析近视及近视性弱视儿童视网膜光学相干断层扫描（OCT）各项指标的变化,研究近视及近视性弱视儿童的视网膜结构的变化特征。方法对52只眼近视性弱视组和32只眼单纯近视组行视网膜OCT检查,记录黄斑中心凹中心视网膜厚度和视盘上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧及平均视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度,并与32只眼正常对照组进行比较。结果近视性弱视组和正常对照组比较,视盘下方和视盘周围平均RNFL厚度变薄,且有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而视盘上方、颞侧和鼻侧RNFL厚度和黄斑中心凹中心视网膜厚度均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。单纯近视组和正常对照组比较,视盘周围RNFL厚度和黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。近视性弱视组高度近视儿童的视盘上方、下方、鼻侧和视网膜平均RNFL厚度较健眼变薄（P〈0.05）,而颞侧和黄斑中心凹中心视网膜厚度无明显变化（P〉0.05）,单纯近视组中高度近视儿童的视盘颞侧RNFL层厚度和黄斑中心凹中心视网膜厚度增加明显（P〈0.05）。结论近视及近视性弱视儿童的视网膜结构存在异常。     

高度近视眼黄斑区视网膜厚度的相关因素分析

目的：探讨黄斑区视网膜厚度与屈光度、主导眼、眼轴长度的关系。 方法：入选高度近视组患者128例180眼,其中主导眼79眼,非主导眼101眼,应用OCT测量黄斑区及周围视网膜厚度及应用A超测量眼轴长度,另设正视眼组112人180眼,其中主导眼106眼,非主导眼74眼作为对照,获得数据进行统计学分析。 结果：高度近视患者的平均眼轴长度29.57依1.57 mm与正常组患者的平均眼轴长度（24.13依0.90mm）相比显著延长（P〈0.05）。眼轴长度与黄斑中心凹内环区（距黄斑中心凹1～3mm区）上方（ S1）、下方（ I1）、颞侧（ T1）及黄斑中心凹外环区（距黄斑中心凹3～6mm区）上方（ S2）、下方（I2）、鼻侧（N2）、颞侧（T2）视网膜厚度存在相关性,与黄斑中心区及黄斑中心凹内环区鼻侧（ N1）视网膜厚度无相关性。高度近视眼组黄斑中心区及各个分区均较正视眼组明显变薄（P〈0.05）。高度近视主导眼与非主导眼黄斑区视网膜厚度相比,无统计学意义（ P〉0.05）。 结论：高度近视患者黄斑区视网膜厚度OCT的检测值低于正视眼组。高度近视组眼轴长度与黄斑区上方（ S1）、下方（I1）、颞侧（T1）、上方（S2）、下方（I2）、鼻侧（N2）、颞侧（ T2）视网膜厚度存在负相关关系。高度近视眼中主导眼黄斑区视网膜厚度与非主导眼黄斑区视网膜厚度无差异性。     

频域光学相干断层扫描（OCT）测量视盘参数及视网膜厚度在早期青光眼诊断中的作用

目的　探讨频域光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography,OCT）测量视盘参数及视网膜厚度在早期青光眼诊断中的作用。方法　采用频域OCT测量40例（40眼）健康志愿者（对照组）和85例（85眼）原发性开角型青光眼（primary open angle glaucoma,POAG）患者［早期青光眼亚组（n=36）和进展期青光眼亚组（n=49）］视盘参数及视网膜神经纤维层（retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL）厚度,比较各组RNFL厚度、视盘参数并与视野平均缺损（mean deviation,MD）值进行相关性分析,采用ROC曲线下面积评估视盘周围区RNFL厚度及视盘参数在青光眼中的诊断效果。结果　POAG组患者颞侧、上方、鼻侧及下方象限RNFL厚度和全周RNFL厚度均显著低于对照组（均为P<0.05）,且与早期青光眼组比较,进展期青光眼组患者颞侧、上方、鼻侧及下方象限RNFL厚度和全周RNFL厚度均显著降低（均为P<0.05）。各组除视盘面积外,其他视盘参数比较差异均具有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,POAG组患者视盘颞侧、上方、下方象限RNFL厚度及全周RNFL厚度与MD均呈负相关（均为P<0.05）,而视盘参数中视杯容积和视杯/视盘面积比与MD均呈正相关（均为 P<0.05）,盘缘面积、盘缘容积和视盘容积与MD均呈负相关（均为P<0.05）。经ROC曲线分析显示,视盘周围区下方象限RNFL厚度的曲线下面积最大为0.886,其特异度和敏感度分别为0.775和0.924;视盘参数中视杯/视盘面积比曲线下面积最大,其特异度和敏感度分别为0.741和0.815。结论　OCT检测视盘结构和RNFL厚度能够用于青光眼早期诊断,且具有较高敏感度和特异度。     

OCT对难治性弱视眼黄斑及视盘视网膜厚度分区测定的分析

目的：运用光学相干断层成像技术(optical coherence tomography, OCT)对儿童难治性弱视眼的视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)及黄斑区视网膜神经上皮层的厚度进行测量,以了解难治性弱视视网膜形态学及其变化的规律,从而推断难治性弱视患儿外周发病机制。

方法：选择难治性弱视眼(A组)、非难治性弱视眼(B组)以及正常儿童眼(C组)各30眼,分别测量黄斑中心凹、中心区(直径范围≤1mm)及旁中心区(1mm<直径范围≤3mm环形区域)鼻、下、颞、上方的视网膜平均厚度值; 同时以视盘为中心,对直径在3.4mm内的RNFL进行环形断层扫描,测量鼻、下、颞、上方的RNFL平均厚度值,比较不同组不同区域视网膜厚度之间的差别。

结果：三组均发现：旁中心凹上方的视网膜神经上皮层最厚,下方与鼻侧次之,而颞侧最薄; 黄斑中心凹以及黄斑中心区(1mm)处视网膜厚度比较发现：A组比B组厚、A组比C组厚,以及B组比C组厚,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05); 黄斑旁中心区鼻、上、颞、下方各象限平均视网膜厚度比较发现：A组与B组、A组与C组,以及B组与C组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。C组上方的RNFL最厚,其次为下方,再者为颞侧,鼻侧为最薄,但A组以及B组的上方和下方的RNFL厚度相差不大,而鼻侧和颞侧的RNFL厚度也相差不大但均要薄于上方和下方。而A组鼻侧和下方的RNFL比C组显著增厚,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),颞侧和上方的RNFL厚度与C组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且虽然其平均RNFL厚度比C组厚,但差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05); 而A组和B组的上、下、鼻、颞侧以及平均厚度均相似,差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：黄斑中心凹以及中心区的发育异常,可能是难治性弱视的发病原因之一,而黄斑旁中心凹及以外的视网膜以及视盘周围RNFL并未受累,这说明这些区域可能没有参与弱视的发生。     

轻度帕金森病患者视网膜神经纤维层厚度变化的特点分析

目的：：观察轻度帕金森病( Parkinson’s disease,PD)患者视网膜神经纤维层( retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度变化的特点。方法：采用光学相干断层扫描( optical coherence tomography,OCT)对我院门诊诊断为早期PD的15例15眼患者和18例18眼正常对照者进行以视盘中心为圆心、直径为3.46 mm的环形扫描。扫描分为颞侧、上方、鼻侧、下方、颞下、颞上、鼻下、鼻上8个象限进行。对比分析两组受检者8个象限的视网膜神经纤维层( retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度及平均RNFL厚度。结果：正常对照组颞侧、上方、鼻侧、下方、颞下、颞上、鼻下、鼻上RNFL厚度和平均RNFL厚度分别为83.2±17.5,132.7±17.4,83.7±22.3,141.5±15.3,117.9±24.5,120.8±21.2,110.2±27.7,109.6±20.6,109.9±8.5μm,早期PD患者颞侧、上方、鼻侧、下方、颞下、颞上、鼻下、鼻上RNFL厚度和平均RNFL厚度分别为68.7±13.5,128.1±25.3,76.5±17.8,128.6±13.2,103.3±14.1,102.6±23.7,96.6±15.0,101.2±20.9,102.3±11.9μm。两组比较,下方、颞侧、颞下、颞上RNFL厚度和平均RNFL厚度差异有统计学意义(t=2.595,2.700,2.153,2.330,2.131;P=0.014,0.011,0.040,0.026,0.041)。结论：早期PD患者下方、颞侧、颞下、颞上及平均RNFL厚度较正常者明显变薄。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤患者视盘及视网膜神经纤维层的形态研究

目的 分析鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的视盘参数特征及视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层（pRNFL）厚度的变化。设计 回顾性病例系列。 研究对象 2010年7月至2011年12月北京天坛医院鞍结节脑膜瘤患者40例（80眼）、正常对照40例（80眼）和青光眼患者40例（80眼）。方法 采用眼底照相和相干光断层扫描（OCT）测量视盘及不同象限pRNFL厚度,比较鞍结节脑膜瘤患者与正常对照组和青光眼组的视盘参数及pRNFL厚度,分析视盘参数改变与肿瘤大小的相关性。主要指标 视盘形态、视盘面积、杯盘面积比、水平杯盘比、垂直杯盘比、盘沿面积、视杯面积,视杯体积和不同象限pRNFL厚度。结果 鞍结节脑膜瘤组的杯盘面积比、水平杯盘比、垂直杯盘比、视杯面积和视杯体积与正常对照组相比均明显增大,而盘沿面积明显减小（P均=0.000）;且杯盘面积比、水平杯盘比、盘沿面积和盘沿体积与青光眼组相比均较大,而垂直杯盘比、视杯面积和视杯体积较青光眼组明显减小（P均=0.000）。肿瘤组视盘周围不同象限pRNFL厚度分别为上方颞侧（124.022±26.100）μm,上方鼻侧（105.856±23.410）μm,鼻侧上方（75.784±19.260）μm,鼻侧下方（65.983±15.708）μm,下方鼻侧（105.915±25.526）μm,下方颞侧（133.591±24.429）μm,颞侧下方（76.592±19.679）μm,颞侧上方（77.352±26.100）μm,与正常对照组相比差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;与青光眼组相比上方鼻侧象限不具有统计学意义（P=1.114）,其余象限均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。鞍结节脑膜瘤盘沿体积与肿瘤大小相关（r=0.492,P=0.011）。结论 鞍结节脑膜瘤视盘形态表现为颞侧变窄、颜色变淡,pRNFL厚度与正常人群比较下方鼻侧变薄最明显,与青光眼组相比除上方鼻侧外其他各象限均变薄,下方颞侧最明显。     

Normative Values of Macular and Optic Nerve Head Parameters in Childhood: A School-Based Study with Optical Coherence Tomography

Objective: To determine the normative values of macular and optic nerve head parameters measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy schoolchildren and to analyze the possible influence of individual factors on the main parameters of OCT. Methods: This cross-sectional study was part of a cohort study on refractive development in children and adolescents. Nine hundred thirteen students from the age of five to fifteen were recruited at three schools in Liling City, Hunan Province, and Yichang City, Hubei Province. Retinal thickness, retinal nerve fiber thickness (RNFL) and optic nerve head parameters were measured by OCT (DRI OCT Triton, Japan, Topcon). The normal value range was defined by P2.5-P97.5 or Mean±1.96 SD. Then the relationships between age, sex, refractive error, axial length and the main parameters were analyzed by a Spearman's correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The EDTRS for the foveal region, the normal values of retinal thickness and RNFL thickness in the central area were 193.72-262.68 μm and 0.67-8.18 μm, respectively. In the inner ring region, the retina was thickest in the superior quadrant (288.07-340.29 μm), followed by the nasal (283.89-340.53 μm) and inferior quadrants (283.85-337.21 μm), then the temporal quadrant (275.32-326.32 μm), while the RNFL was thickest in the inferior (24.40-33.01 μm) and superior quadrants (24.52-33.24 μm), followed by the nasal (20.89-28.35 μm) and temporal quadrants (20.54-24.45 μm). In the outer ring region, the retina was thickest in the nasal quadrant (266.97-323.27 μm), followed by the superior (254.81-305.03 μm) and inferior quadrants (241.54-292.42 μm), then the temporal quadrant (238.45-286.59 μm), while the RNFL was thickest in the nasal quadrant (42.38-63.03 μm), followed by the inferior (36.35-53.74 μm) and superior quadrants (36.19-53.64 μm), then the temporal quadrant (21.37-26.52 μm). In the optic disc, the retina was thickest in the superior (286.13-378.29 μm) and inferior quadrants (283.20-375.82 μm), followed by the temporal quadrant (256.90-325.30 μm), then the nasal quadrant (235.40-309.79 μm). The RNFL was thickest in the inferior quadrant (122.07-193.79 μm), followed by the superior (113.48- 188.28 μm), temporal (71.51-146.15 μm), and nasal quadrants (45.99-112.26 μm). The normative values of the disc area (DA), rim area (RA), cup volume (CV), C/D area ratio (CDAR), linear C/D ratio (LCDR) and vertical C/D ratio (VCDR) were 1.37-3.16 mm2 , 0.79-2.64 mm2 , 0.01-0.51 mm3 , 0.03- 0.64, 0.17-0.80 and 0.15-0.78, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the spherical equivalent refractive error was correlated with the RNFL thickness of the macular central area, the nasal quadrant of the outer ring, the nasal quadrant of the optic disc, the inferior quadrant of the optic disc and DA, CV, VCDR (r=-0.197, -0.317, 4.458, 1.633, 0.069, 0.020, 0.040, all P<0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between age and the RNFL thickness of the macular central area, DA, CV, VCDR (r=-0.099, -0.020, -0.005, -0.007, all P<0.05), and a positive correlation was found between age and the RNFL thickness of the nasal quadrant of the outer ring (r=0.141, P=0.046). A positive correlation was found between the axial length and RNFL thickness of the macular central area and the nasal quadrant of the outer ring and CV, VCDR (r=0.414, 1.486, 0.022, 0.045, all P<0.001), and a negative correlation was found between the axial length and inferior quadrant of the optic disc (r=-2.192, P=0.012). Moreover, there was no correlation between gender and the other parameters, except for the RNFL thickness of the nasal quadrant of the outer ring (r=-1.066, P=0.002). Conclusions: This study provides the normative values of macular and optic nerve head parameters in healthy children. Meanwhile, we find that gender, age, refractive error and axial length all have a certain influence on the examination results of OCT. Thus, these factors should be taken into account when using OCT to evaluate and diagnose the fundus diseases of young children in clinical practice.     

不同程度近视患者视网膜神经纤维层厚度、黄斑外环区视网膜厚度观察

目的　观察不同程度近视患者视盘旁视网膜神经纤维层（ｒｅｔｉｎａｌｎｅｒｖｅｆｉｂｅｒｌａｙ-ｅｒ,ＲＮＦＬ）厚度、黄斑外环区视网膜厚度变化,并分析其特点。方法　参与检测的受检者共２０９例３９９眼分４组,分别为中低度近视组５２例（９８眼）、高度近视组４７例（９１眼）、高度近视青光眼组５７例（１０４眼）及５３人（１０６眼）健康志愿者为正常对照组。采用光学相干断层扫描仪测量视盘旁上方、颞侧、下方、鼻侧四个象限的ＲＮＦＬ厚度,视盘周围全周ＲＮ-ＦＬ厚度,黄斑外环区四个象限的视网膜厚度。采用Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ相关分析法分析近视患者屈光度数与ＲＮＦＬ厚度及黄斑外环区视网膜厚度的相关性。结果　各组视盘旁ＲＮＦＬ厚度以上象限和下象限较厚,其次为颞侧象限,而鼻侧象限最薄。正常对照组与中低度近视组各象限ＲＮＦＬ厚度比较差异无统计学意义（Ｆ＝１．７３２,Ｐ＞０．０５）,其余各近视眼组患眼各象限ＲＮＦＬ厚度均有差异（Ｆ＝３６１．７１、４７８．９２、３９５．１６,均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。近视患者屈光度数与上、下、鼻侧ＲＮＦＬ厚度呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．２７９、－０．３１９、－０．２１３,均为Ｐ＜０．０５）,与颞侧象限ＲＮＦＬ厚度呈正相关（ｒ＝０．３２６,Ｐ＜０．０５）。高度近视青光眼组与高度近视眼组之间比较黄斑外环区颞侧、上方视网膜厚度减少,差异有统计学意义（Ｆ＝４７５．１２,Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　光学相干断层扫描能够检测高度近视青光眼的ＲＮＦＬ厚度及黄斑外环区厚度的变化,为青光眼的早期诊断提供了一定的帮助。     

Using ImageJ to Evaluate Optic Disc Pallor in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

Purpose

To evaluate optic disc pallor using ImageJ in traumatic optic neuropathy (TON).

Methods

This study examined unilateral TON patients. The optic disc was divided into 4 quadrants (temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior), consistent with the quadrants on optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness maps. Optic disc photography was performed and disc pallor was quantified using gray scale photographic images imported into ImageJ software. The correlation between optic disc pallor and RNFL thickness was examined in each quadrant.

Results

A total of 35 patients (31 male, 4 female) were enrolled in the study. The mean participant age was 34.8 ± 15.0 years (range, 5 to 63 years). Overall RNFL thickness decreased in 6 patients, with thinning most often occurring in the inferior quadrant (28 of 35 eyes). There was a significant correlation between optic disc pallor and RNFL thickness (superior, rho = -0.358, p = 0.04; inferior, rho = -0.345, p = 0.04; nasal, rho = -0.417, p = 0.01; temporal, rho = -0.390, p = 0.02). The highest level of correspondence between disc pallor and RNFL thickness values outside of the normative 95th percentiles was 39.3% and occurred in the inferior quadrant.

Conclusions

Optic disc pallor in TON was quantified with ImageJ and was significantly correlated with RNFL thickness abnormalities. Thus, ImageJ evaluations of disc pallor may be useful for evaluating RNFL thinning, as verified by OCT RNFL analyses.     

Optical Coherence Tomography Measurement of Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer,Optic Nerve Head and Macula in Normal Subjects

The aim of the study was to evaluate the variation in retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), optic nerve head (ONH) and macular measurements in healthy Turkish subjects using Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT). The design is a cross-sectional study of 398 eyes in 199 normal subjects aged between 5 and 70 years. The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmologic examination including imaging with Stratus OCT. RNFL, optic disc and macula fast scan methods were used to obtain the peripapillary RNFL thickness, ONH and macular parameters. The effects on the findings of age, gender and laterality of the eye tested were assessed. The average RNFL thickness and the thickness measured in the superior and temporal quadrants were statistically significantly negatively correlated with age. Similar results were found for mean macular thickness, macular RNFL thickness and for total macular volume. There was no effect of age on ONH measurements. The RNFL thickness in the temporal quadrant was significantly greater in females than in males (p<0.05). The mean macular thickness in 1–3?mm was greater in males than in females (p<0.05). The nasal RNFL thickness was significantly thicker in the right eyes than in the left eyes (p<0.05). We conclude that, in healthy subjects, as age increases there is a significant reduction in peripapillary and macular RNFL thickness and in macular thickness and volume. The hypothesis that RNFL and macular measurements are not symmetrical between the two eyes merits further study.     

OCT测量视网膜神经纤维层和黄斑厚度在青光眼早期诊断中的意义

目的应用光学相干断层成像术（optical coherence tomography，OCT）测量青光眼患者的视网膜神经纤维层（retinal nerve fiber layer，RNFL）厚度和黄斑厚度，比较两者在青光眼早期诊断中的作用。方法应用Stratus OCT测量62例（101眼）正常人和41例（64眼）青光眼患者的RNFL厚度和黄斑厚度，比较正常人和青光眼患者之间．正常人和早期青光眼患者之间上、下、鼻、颞四个象限与平均RNFL厚度、黄斑区内外环各象限厚度和总黄斑体积等参数有无统计学差异：用受试者工作特征曲线下面积（area under the receive operating characteristi ccurve，AROC）评价各个参数在青光眼早期诊断中的作用。结果青光眼患者各象限、平均RNFL厚度和各分区黄斑厚度、总黄斑体积均比正常人减少．差异有显著性（P=0．014—0．000），视乳头旁平均RNFL的AROC最大（0．961），其次为下方RNFL（0．928）和上方RNFL（0．924）。黄斑下方外环区AROC最大（0．876）。早期青光眼患者各象限、平均RNFL厚度和黄斑外环各分区、总黄斑体积较正常人减少，差异有显著性（P=0．021～0．000），而黄斑内环各区与正常人差异无显著性。视乳头旁平均RNFL的AROC最大（0．877），其次为上方RNFL（0．783）和下方RNFL（0．767）。黄斑下方外环区AROC最大（0．728）。结论测量RNFL厚度较测量黄斑厚度具有更强的青光眼早期诊断价值。黄斑厚度测量为青光眼的早期诊断提供了一种新的手段。     

Quantification of the retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in normal Indian eyes with optical coherence tomography

PURPOSE: To quantitatively assess the normative values for peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT 3) in Indian subjects. METHODS: The peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer of 146 normal subjects was imaged on OCT 3 in this cross-sectional study. Thickness of the RNFL around the disc was determined with three 3.4 mm diameter circle OCT scan. The RNFL thickness was measured in four quadrants; superior, nasal, inferior and temporal. The data was analysed using SAS commercial statistical software. Influence of age and gender was evaluated on various measured parameters using unpaired t test, one-way analysis variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: One hundred and forty six eyes of 146 patients, 84 males and 62 females were studied. The average RNFL thickness in the sample population under study was 104.27 +/- 8.51 (95% CI 87.25-121). The RNFL was thickest in the inferior quadrant, followed by the superior quadrant, and progressively less in nasal and temporal quadrant. The difference between inferior and superior quadrants was not statistically significant. Age had a significant negative correlation with average RNFL thickness (r = -0.321, P = 0.000) and with average superior (r = -0.233, P = 0.005) and average inferior RNFL thickness (r = -0.234, P = 0.004). There was no effect of gender on various RNFL thickness parameters. CONCLUSIONS: RNFL thickness is significantly correlated with age, but not with gender. This normative database of RNFL thickness with OCT in Indian eyes is similar to previously reported values in normal Asian eyes.     

频域OCT对LHON患者神经纤维层厚度的观察

目的 利用频域光学相干断层成像技术(OCT)测量Leber's遗传性视神经病变(LHON)患者视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度,描述LHON患者RNFL厚度变化的影像学特征.方法 回顾性病例对照研究.利用海德堡频域OCT分别对临床拟诊的LHON患者(33例66眼)、正常志愿者(67例67眼)进行环视盘和环黄斑RNFL厚度的测量;同时采集患者静脉血样,进行3个原发性mtDNA突变位点(G11778A,G3460A和T14484C)的检测.根据基因检测结果将临床拟诊的LHON病患者分为LHON组和疑似LHON组,应用单因素方差分析比较LHON组、疑似LHON组与正常对照组之间及两患病组之间视盘和黄斑颞侧、颞上、颞下、鼻侧、鼻上、鼻下及360°平均RNFL厚度的区别.结果 33例临床拟诊的LHON患者中确诊为LHON的患者18例,疑似LHON患者15例.LHON组、疑似LHON组、正常对照组三组之间,环视盘颞侧,颞上,颞下和鼻上的RNFL厚度差异有统计学意义(F值分别为145.14、11.25、57.10、4.48;P＜0.05),环黄斑颞侧、颞上、颞下、鼻侧、鼻上、鼻下的RNFL厚度差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为:24.07、67.01、85.99、130.21、121.90、128.66;P＜0.05);两两比较示,LHON组较正常对照组环视盘除鼻侧、鼻下象限外的RNFL厚度均萎缩变薄(P＜0.05);疑似LHON组较正常对照组环视盘颞侧、颞上、颞下的RNFL厚度萎缩变薄(P＜0.05);LHON组与疑似LHON组比较,无论是环视盘还是环黄斑,各象限RNFL厚度间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 LHON不仅表现为乳斑束神经纤维层的萎缩,视盘颞上及颞下的弓形纤维也显著萎缩变薄,鼻侧神经纤维可相对保留.     

正常人黄斑厚度及视盘旁神经纤维频域OCT分析

目的 应用频域OCT(spectral domain Optical Coherence Tomography,SD-OCT)分析正常人眼黄斑厚度、体积及视盘旁神经纤维的分布情况.方法 应用频域OCT对62名124只眼正常人(21～58岁)黄斑及视盘旁进行快速扫描,测量正常眼中心/小凹厚度(Central point thickness,CPT),黄斑部直径为3mm圆形区域内9个分区内平均厚度(Th)及体积(V);同时测量视盘旁直径为3.4mm圆形区域神经纤维分布情况.入组标准:矫正视力20/20,眼压正常,没有已知眼病.结果 124只正常眼中心小凹平均厚度为(215.11±15.475)μm,中心区为(255.56±16.709)μm),黄斑区厚度图呈开口向颞侧的马蹄形,在所有ETDRS区域中,鼻外象限厚度最大(352.87±15.886)μm;中心凹鼻侧厚度及体积大于颞侧(P<0.05);在内环区域,上下方视网膜厚度及体积无明显差异;在外环区域,上下方视网膜厚度及体积差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);视盘旁神经纤维的分布,颞下方神经纤维分布最多,鼻侧神经纤维最少差异有统计学意义.结论 应用频域OCT测量,正常人眼黄斑部中心小凹厚度为(215.11±15.475)μm,中央区为(255.56±16.709)μm,神经纤维层厚度与以往时域OCT测量结果基本一致.频域OCT成像清晰,能够精确测量黄斑视网膜厚度及视盘旁神经纤维分布情况,可为临床诊治黄斑及视神经病变提供客观、定量的指标.

Abstract：

Objective To determine normal values for macular thickness, volume and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFL)measured by spectral domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT)in subjects with no known retinal disease and to examine the relationship of RNFL with macular thickness. Methods Sixty-two healthy adults(124 eyes, 21-58 years old)with no known eye disease,best-corrected visual acuity 20/20, and normal intraocular pressure were enrolled. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination to rule out any retinal diseases or glaucoma. All the OCT scans were performed by a single operator, Central point thickness(CPT)and retinal thickness(Th)in 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)subfields, including central subfield(CSF), were analyzed. Statistical analyses were carried out using the analysis of variance. RNFL thickness was measured around the optic nerve head using 16 automatically averaged, consecutive circular B-scans with 3.4 mm diameter. The automatically segmented RNFL thickness was divided into 7 segments. Results Overall, the mean CPT was(215.11±15.475)μ m, and mean CSF was(255.56± 16.709)μ m. The macular thickness mapping in normal persons was "horse shoe" shaped open to the temporal side. Among the ETDRS subfields, the outer nasal quadrant had the maximum thickness(352.87± 15.886)μ m. The nasal quadrant had a larger thickness and volume than temporal side(P 0.05); in the inner circle area, there was no difference between the superior and inferior retinal average thickness; on the contrary, there was a significant difference between the superior and inferior retinal average thickness and volume in outer circle area. While the distribution of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber also had marked difference. The inferior-temporally side had the most, while the nasal side had the least. Conclusions Normative values for macular thickness in otherwise healthy eyes ware measured to be(215.11 ±15.475)μ m(CPT)and(255.56± 16.709)μ m(CSF)using commercially available Spectralis SD-OCT. Normal RNFL results with SD-OCT are comparable to those reported with time-domain OCT. Due to the legible imaging characters, the SD-OCT can measure normal macular thickness and the distribution of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber accurately, which can provide objective and quantitative indexs for diagnosis and therapy of macular disease and optical neuropathy.