血液灌流清除体内免疫复合物的实验研究

本文从5种亲和吸剂（Affinity Absorbent,AA)中筛选出对病理性循环免疫复合物（Cycle Immune Complex,CIC)具有特异性吸附的吸附剂AA3，测定其孔结构参数，讨论了不同吸附条件对吸附性能的影响。用纯种大白兔作为实验动物，建立高特环免疫动物模型，用AA3吸附剂对运动模型进行血液灌流实验，观察该吸附剂血灌流清除血中CIC的功效。考察了AA3吸附剂的血液相容性及对蛋白的影响。实验结果表明AA3吸附剂对血中CIC的吸附率达41.７％，动物模型血灌流对ＣＩＣ的吸附率达３８.4%。     

琼脂凝胶键连热聚IgG——一种新型类风湿关节炎免疫吸附剂

将热聚IgG固载到琼脂凝胶珠上 ,制成了一种特异性类风湿关节炎免疫吸附剂。体外吸附实验表明该吸附剂对类风湿因子及其免疫复合物具有强的选择吸附性能 ,活体动物全血灌流实验证明该吸附剂具有良好的血液相容性和机械强度     

DNA免疫吸附剂免疫活性的长期观察

观察存放3年内的DNA免疫吸附剂免疫吸附活性.方法:对1995、1996、1997年各两批不同批号的DNA免疫吸附剂,在设定同一DNA抗体浓度血清中进行免疫吸附实验.采用放射免疫法测定DNA抗体浓度,并对免疫吸附剂同一批不同年份的吸附效率进行了比较.结果:1995、1996、1997年各批号DNA免疫吸附剂对DNA抗体吸附率平均分别下降5.57%、4.13%、2.34%.存放2年的吸附剂对DNA抗体吸附率下降小于5%.结论:DNA免疫吸附剂保存2年以上对DNA抗体仍有强大的免疫吸附活性,干态4℃存放2年以内对DNA抗体吸附性能质量是可靠的.     

类风湿因子免疫吸附剂的制备及性能研究

目的制备一种类风湿因子（RF）免疫吸附剂并研究其性能。方法利用悬浮聚合法制备出大孔聚乙烯醇（PVA）树脂,以此为载体接枝苯丙氨酸,制备出可用于血液灌流吸附的RF免疫吸附剂（PVA-P树脂）,通过体外吸附实验观察不同处理方法对RF吸附性能的影响。通过体外血液学实验和溶血实验观察该吸附剂的血液相容性。结果免疫吸附剂的体外吸附实验表明,免疫吸附剂对RF的吸附清除率达到60%以上,处理工艺对RF吸附性能无明显影响。体外血液相容性实验结果表明：免疫吸附剂对红细胞、血小板、总蛋白的影响差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,其他血液指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,与日本同类吸附RF产品平行比较,对血细胞的影响差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 PVA-P树脂作为RF免疫吸附剂具有良好的临床应用前景。     

亲和吸附剂实验动物（兔）血液灌流清除血中循环免疫复合物 …

介绍了用纯种大耳白兔作为实验动物,建立高循环免疫复合物动物模型,并采用ＡＡ３吸附剂对动物模型进行模拟体外血液灌流实验,观察该吸附剂血液灌流清除体内的循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ）的功效,观察ＡＡ３吸附剂的血液相容性及对蛋白的影响。     

亲和吸附剂实验动物(兔)血液灌流清除血中循环免疫复合物的实验研究Ⅱ

介绍了用纯种大耳白兔作为实验动物,建立高循环免疫复合物动物模型,并采用ＡＡ３ 吸附剂对动物模型进行模拟体外血液灌流实验,观察该吸附剂血液灌流清除体内的循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ）的功效,观察ＡＡ３ 吸附剂的血液相容性及对蛋白的影响。     

新型亲和吸附剂对血液中循环免疫复合物吸附性能的研究

从５种亲和吸附占筛选出病理性循环免疫复合物具有特异性的吸附的吸附剂，测定其比表面积、孔结构参数：平均孔径、孔容、并讨论了吸附诸条件对ＣＩＣ吸附性能的影响。     

AA0—3吸附剂对清除家兔免疫复合物的研究

研究了亲和吸附剂对家兔Ⅲ型变态反应模型血液灌流实验。观察了吸附剂地循环免疫复合物的清除效果及其血液相容性。     

类风湿性关节炎中“活性”花环试验:与疾病活动的关系

作者应用外周血液中能与羊红细胞迅速形成E花环的T淋巴细胞亚群(“活性”RFC)的测定,研究了病程和活动性不同的类风湿性关节炎(RA)病人的细胞介导免疫的状况,并且用Raji细胞方法测定了病人的循环性免疫复合物(CIC),对“活性”RFC和CIC与疾病活动的关系进行了分析。     

卵巢癌患者血清循环免疫复合物的RIA及其临床意义

现已证实,卵巢癌患者血清和腹水中存在肿瘤特异性循环免疫复合物(CIC)。但文献报道卵巢癌患者血清中CIC的结果却相差悬殊,阳性率自15.4～62.0％不等,原因可能在于作者所用的检测方法不同。利用一定浓度的PEG可沉淀待测血清中CIC的特性和放射性~(125)碘标记的金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋自(~(125)I-SPA)能与CIC分子中IgG进行优先结合的原理,最近国内建立了一种新的特异性IgG-CIG的~(125)I-SPA放射免疫分析法。本文应用这一新的方法对68例卵巢癌患者血清中循环免疫复合物水平进行放射免疫测定,并初步探讨其临床应用价值,现将结果报道如下。     

Circulating antigens, immune complexes and C3d levels in human schistosomiasis: relationship with Schistosoma mansoni egg output.

Circulating schistosome antigens (CSA), circulating immune complexes (CIC) and C3 breakdown product - C3d - were investigated in human schistosomiasis in comparison to the S. mansoni egg count. A close relationship was observed between the mean number of eggs/g of stool and the detection of CSA (evaluated by the radioimmunoprecipitation-PEG assay - Ripega), CIC (Clq-binding test) and C3d levels (quantitated by radial immunodiffusion). All the patients with more than 500 S. mansoni eggs/g of stool also presented antigen '4', specific of the genus Schistosoma, in the serum. A significant correlation was noticed between levels of CSA and CIC. This suggests the involvement of several schistosome antigens in the detected CIC. No relationship was noted between CIC and C3d levels. In contrast, there was a highly significant correlation between levels of CSA and C3d. The interaction between certain schistosome antigens and the complement system is discussed.     

流行性出血热循环免疫复合物各组分的动态观察及意义

应用ＰＥＧ沉淀法对２７例１１４份流行性出血热病人血清中循环免疫复合物进行了检测，不同病期循环免疫复合物检出率分别为：发热期８８．８％，少尿期８２．５％，多尿期４７．８％，恢复期２１．４％。对流行性出血热循环免疫复合物组分的动态观察发现，在不同病期循环免疫复合物中绝大多数可检出流行性出血热病毒抗原及免疫球蛋白与补体Ｃ３，表明在流行性出血热患者体内检出的循环免疫复合物是特异性病毒抗原刺激机体免疫应答的     

Characterization of Specific Immune Complexes in HIV-Related Disorders

Eighty-seven seropositive subjects with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection together with 20 normal controls with no history of any illness were investigated for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) by the conglutinin binding assay (KgBA) and further studied for isotype characterization of CIC. Six out of 87 patients showing very high values for immune complexes (CIC) were studied for the presence of free antigen. In 3 out of 6 (1, IVc1; 1, III; 1, IVa) we could detect by ultracentrifugation analysis the presence of specific HIV (p15) anti-HIV (anti-p15) and gp41-anti-gp41 CIC. Evidence in favour of this finding is supported by: the presence of specific CIC (p15-anti-p15 or gp41-anti-gp41) seen only at pH 7.2; the apparent presence of free antigen and specific HIV antibodies were only at pH 4.0. The relevance of this finding lies in the attempt to explain the occurrence of false seronegativity seen occasionally in symptomatic patients. Thus, the presence of CIC might perhaps interfere in the routine assay (i.e. ELISA) making the diagnosis difficult. All these considerations will have to be taken into account in the future handling of this disease.     

New ELISA kits using C3 binding glycoprotein from Cuscuta europea detect mainly IgM CIC in rheumatoid arthritis and progressive systemic sclerosis, but not in systemic lupus erythematosus

Elevated levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC), containing IgG, IgM or IgA antibodies were detected in the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases. This might indicate a different biological meaning of the three isotypes of immunoglobulin (Ig) in the CIC. Each CIC assay detected only certain classes and subclasses of Ig in CIC material or fixed complement protein. In this study, a new method based on C3binding glycoprotein named CIF-ELISA and a well-known method ANTI-C3 ELISA, were used for quantitative assessment of IgM-CIC, IgG-CIC and IgA-CIC levels in human sera. A modified CIF-ELISA and ANTI-C3 ELISA for simultaneous detection of CIC, containing IgG, IgM and IgA, (stCIC), were also performed. The assays were evaluated on the same specially prepared samples: 55 normal sera, 99 sera from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 88 sera from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 27 sera from progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). We found that the sensitivity of the tests used varied depending on the diseases studied. CIF-ELISA displayed higher sensitivity of IgM-CIC when compared to ANTI-C3 ELISA in RA patients (40.0 and 20.95%, respectively) and PSS (44.43 and 37.04%, respectively). Results for the sensitivity of IgA-CIC were in adverse direction in the RA group (14.28 and 19.05%) and PSS (14.81 and 25.93%) by both methods. It was also established that the concordance of IgM-CIC positives by both methods was 48.84% in RA and 46.67% in PSS, while in SLE it was 18.78%. These results are most probably due to the different assay abilities to detect antibody isotype of the CIC material and help to explain what specific role each Ig isotype in CIC has in the course of the disease.     

Hydatid disease: analysis of parasite antigens in circulating immune complexes and in preformed hydatid antigen-antibody complexes

Fifty-three sera from 29 patients with hydatid disease, all but one positive for specific anti-parasite antibodies and all negative for specific circulating antigens, were studied for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) by conglutinin binding-assay (KgBA). Fourteen serum samples (26%) from eight patients (27%) were positive. These positive sera were pooled for each patient and the eight samples were PEG-precipitated and analysed for the presence of specific Echinococcus granulosus antigens in the CIC using a human anti-human-hydatid cyst fluid antiserum capable of recognizing the major antigenic systems of the parasite namely, antigens 4 and 5. The assays utilized for detecting antigen in CIC were: (a) blotting on nitrocellulose paper after sodium dodecil sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and specific immunological detection; (b) ultracentrifugation in acid buffer and subsequent detection of antigens by a sandwich-radioimmuno assay (RIA); (c) protein separation by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and specific immunological recognition. In addition, all positive sera were analysed for the presence of antigen in the CIC by a modified KgBA and by polyethylenglicol (PEG)-precipitation in acid buffer followed by immunological recognition of antigen. All tests gave negative results with the patients' samples, but were positive with preformed in vitro complexes between parasite antigens and corresponding antibodies. Failure to detect antigen in the CIC could be due to: 1) insufficient sensitivity of the assays used to detect hydatid antigens in CIC; 2) rapid clearance of antigen or CIC from the circulation; 3) presence of parasite antigen not recognized by the antiserum employed; 4) production of CIC as a result of polyclonal B-cell activation. This last hypothesis is supported by the demonstration of IgM-rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-F(ab)₂ antibodies respectively in 11 (44 %) and 13 (52 %) out of 25 patients.     

Detection of IgA class circulating immune complexes bound to anti-C3d antibody in patients with IgA nephropathy

IgA class circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected by solid-phase fluorescent enzyme immunoassay of F(ab')2 anti-C3d antibody in the serum of 52 patients with IgA nephropathy. Conglutinin (Kg) binding IgA class CIC were also measured, and results by these assays were compared. Kg binding IgA class CIC and anti-C3d binding IgA class CIC were detected in 27% and 44%, respectively, of the patients with IgA nephropathy. Either or both of the two were found in 65% of the patients. There was no significant correlation between IgA class CIC detected by these methods and serum IgA. Although all samples with a very high level of anti-C3d binding IgA class CIC did not also have a very high level of Kg binding IgA class CIC, there was a slight quantitative correlation between the 2 assays. Ultracentrifugation analysis showed that anti-C3d binding IgA class CIC were of various sizes between polymeric (21 S) and monomeric IgA (7 S), whereas Kg binding IgA class CIC were mostly monomeric IgA (8 S) with a minor component of heavy fractions (14 S). Both IgA class CIC fixed iC3b and IgA class CIC fixed C3d are present in IgA nephropathy. These observations suggest that the different types of complement bound to IgA class CIC have different roles in IgA nephropathy.