急性大脑镰和小脑幕硬膜下血肿的CT及磁共振成像诊断

目的探讨急性大脑镰和小脑幕硬膜下血肿的CT及磁共振成像特征。方法回顾性分析17例急性大脑镰和小脑幕硬膜下血肿的CT及磁共振成像表现。结果 17例急性大脑镰和小脑幕硬膜下血肿中,大脑镰硬膜下血肿5例,小脑幕硬膜下血肿7例,大脑镰并小脑幕硬膜下血肿5例,6例伴有颅盖骨(大脑凸面)部位的硬膜下血肿或脑实质挫裂伤。结论急性大脑镰和小脑幕硬膜下血肿较少见,易误诊为蛛网膜下腔出血、大脑镰钙化,CT和磁共振成像征象具特征性,有助于鉴别。     

Spinal subdural hematoma

 We report the case of a 68-year-old patient with a traumatic spinal subdural hematoma. MRI demonstrated an area of abnormal intensity and a black line in the inner part of the intradural space. We anti-cipate that MRI will help to make one more confident in the preoper-ative diagnosis of spinal subdural hematoma. The symptoms complet-ely disappeared immediately after the operation. Spinal subdural he-matoma requires immediate surgical evacuation. The prognosis for func-tional recovery is good if the condi-tion is appropriately diagnosed and treated before development of irre-versible paralysis. We recom-mend MRI to make an early diagnos-is and early evacuation of spinal subdural hematoma.     

MRI diffusion-weighted imaging in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH)

Purpose

To assess the role of MRI DWI in detection and characterization of ICH.

Patients and methods

61 patients with intracranial hemorrhage who underwent MRI (including DWI, ADC, and GRE) and CT were retrospectively included in this study. MRI DWIs were analyzed for age, type, (primary parenchymal hemorrhage or hemorrhagic lesion) and location of the hemorrhage. The results were compared with conventional MRI sequences, GRE, and CT to assess the diagnostic accuracy of DWI in assessment of patients with intracranial hematoma.

Results

We had 61 patients with intracranial hemorrhage, six cases were missed by DWI. MRI DWI was accurate for the detection of hyperacute, medium, large sized acute, early and late sub acute, subdural, hemorrhagic components of arterial and venous infarction, intraventricular hemorrhage. DWI showed low sensitivity in detection of subarachnoid and small intraparenchymal hemorrhage The ADC measurements in hyperacute, acute, early and late subacute hematoma were statistically equivalent and were significantly less than the late subacute hematoma as well as the contralateral white matter.

Conclusion

MRI DWI was accurate in detection, characterization and staging hyperacute, acute, subacute hemorrhage as well as hemorrhagic components of arterial and venous infarctions and of low diagnostic accuracy in subarachnoid and small parenchymal hemorrhage.     

Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma: MRI findings in two cases

Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma is an uncommon finding. This report of two cases of spinal subdural hematoma (one hyperacute and one subacute) discusses the current theory of how it develops, the MRI findings, its differentiation from spinal epidural hematoma, and the value of MRI in monitoring patients undergoing conservative treatment. The most significant MRI findings in the hyperacute phase were isointense signal on T1-weighted sequences and hyperintense signal on T2-weighted sequences. Moreover, T2-weighted gradient-echo sequences showed a hypointense peripheral ring. In the subacute phase, a hyperintense signal was seen on T1-, T1-fat-suppression, and T2-weighted sequences.     

Spinales chronisches subdurales Hämatom

Compared with spinal epidural hematomas, spinal subdural hematomas are rare; chronic forms are even more uncommon. These hematomas are associated not only with lumbar puncture and spinal trauma, but also with coagulopathies, vascular malformations and tumors. Compression of the spinal cord and the cauda equina means that the patients develop increasing back or radicular pain, followed by paraparesis and bladder and bowel paralysis, so that in most cases surgical decompression is carried out. On magnetic resonance imaging these hematomas present as thoracic or lumbar subdural masses, their signal intensity varying with the age of the hematoma. We report the clinical course and the findings revealed by imaging that led to the diagnosis in three cases of chronic spinal subdural hematoma.     

A rare combination of complications of ruptured carotid artery aneurysm: A case report.

The giant aneurysm of the subclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery is a relatively rare disease that can present serious complications. We present the case of a 40-year-old guy who was suffering from a headache and had complete ophthalmoplegia in his right eye. A brain scan shows a right temporal subdural hematoma, associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and total Sylvian subacute ischemic stroke. CT angiography and MRI showed a ruptured and partially thrombosed aneurysm of the subclinoid portion of the right internal carotid artery complicated by subarachnoid hemorrhage, a right subdural temporal hematoma, and total Sylvian ischemic stroke. Our purpose is to recognize the possibility of an aneurysmal rupture when evaluating an acute subdural hematoma, alone or in combination with Ischemic stroke.     

Post-traumatic spinal hematoma in ankylosing spondylitis

Emergency Radiology - The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence, location, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) and spinal subdural hematoma...     

MRI在急性颅脑损伤中的应用

目的：探讨ＭＲＩ在急诊颅脑损伤中的应用价值。材料和方法：选用经ｐｈｉｌｉｐ＇ｓＴ５－ＮＴ０．５ＴｅｓｌａＭＲ扫描检查的１１０例急性颅脑损伤患者。并对其ＭＲ图像进行分析、总结。结果：ＭＲ对急性期脑皮质挫伤、脑内血肿、硬膜外血肿、硬膜下血肿均能明确诊断。结论：急性颅脑损伤具有一定的ＭＲＩ特征性，ＭＲ在急性颅脑损伤的诊断中具有较高的价值。     

自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿的MRI诊断(附4例报告)

目的：对自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿（ＳＳＥＨ）的ＭＲ和临床表现进行评价。材料与方法：本组包括１９９６年至１９９８年的３例ＳＳＥＨ患者,男３例,女１例,年龄３３～６１岁。４例患者均无外伤、血管损伤或凝血机制障碍等病史。均作ＭＲＩ检查并有手术病理证实。结果：在ＭＲ图像上,血肿分别位于硬膜外腔的左后、右后及正后方。其中１例为ＡＶＭ导致的有包膜的血肿,另１例的局部有椎间盘突出。Ｔ１加权能特征性地反映血肿随时间发生的信号变化而最有价值;１．５Ｔ高场强和轴位梯度回波的Ｔ２加权能很好地判断血肿的位置。结论：自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿是一少见病,ＭＲＩ是它的首选检查方法。应当注意的是,要获得理想的临床疗效,就必须做到诊断精确,并及时地手术治疗,解除脊髓压迫。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of arachnoid cysts

A retrospective review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—computed tomography (CT) correlation was performed in 29 patients with arachnoid cysts. Short TR, short TE spin echo (SE) pulse sequences provided the best anatomic definition whereas multiple echo long TR, TE sequences allowed comparison of the signal intensity of the cyst with that of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Simple arachnoid cysts were isointense while neoplastic, hemorrhagic or inflammatory cysts were hyperintense relative to CSF. The CT differential diagnosis of an arachnoid cyst (depending upon its location) may include other cystic collections such as craniopharyngioma, epidermoid, astrocytoma, and chronic subdural hematoma. However, on MRI the combination of extraaxial location, morphological features, and signal intensity matching that of CSF allows one to make the diagnosis of an uncomplicated arachnoid cyst with confidence.     

Spontaneously T1-hyperintense lesions of the brain on MRI: a pictorial review

In this work, the brain lesions that cause spontaneously hyperintense T1 signal on MRI were studied under seven categories. The first category includes lesions with hemorrhagic components, such as infarct, encephalitis, intraparenchymal hematoma, cortical contusion, diffuse axonal injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural and epidural hematoma, intraventricular hemorrhage, vascular malformation and aneurysm, and hemorrhagic neoplasm. The second category includes protein-containing lesions, such as colloid cyst, craniopharyngioma, Rathke's cleft cyst, and atypical epidermoid. The third category includes lesions with fatty components, such as lipoma, dermoid, and lipomatous meningioma. Lesions with calcification or ossification, such as endocrine-metabolic disorder, calcified neoplasm, infection, and dural osteoma, constitute the fourth category, whereas the fifth category includes lesions with other mineral accumulation, such as acquired hepatocerebral degeneration and Wilson disease. The sixth category includes melanin-containing lesions, such as metastasis from melanoma and leptomeningeal melanosis. The last category is the miscellaneous group, which includes ectopic neurohypophysis, chronic stages of multiple sclerosis, and neurofibromatosis type I. The above-mentioned lesions are presented with their typical T1-hyperintense images, and the underlying reasons for those appearances in magnetic resonance imaging are discussed.     

双重影颅脑血肿的CT及MRI诊断

目的探讨双重影颅脑血肿的CT及MR诊断。方法本文收集同一部位2次出血的病人27例,23例出现双重影颅脑血肿。其中脑内血肿18例,硬膜下血肿3例,硬膜外血肿2例。结果双重影脑内血肿是同一部位间隔一定的时间2次出血形成的高、略高密度的双重血肿影像。MR I显示为急性期血肿和亚急性期血肿或慢性早期血肿信号。结论双重影脑内血肿应与脑瘤卒中、脑瘤钙化相鉴别。     

Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with subdural hematoma at different spinal levels

We describe the clinical features and MR-imaging findings of spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage located in the lumbar spine associated with subdural hematoma at a higher, thoracic level in a 66-year-old man without neurological deficit. The sequential MR-imaging changes of hemorrhage at various stages in its evolution are portrayed. The possible pathogenetic mechanism for these very unusual, combined hemorrhages in both spinal compartments is discussed.     

Gadolinium enhancement of spinal subdural collection on magnetic resonance imaging after lumbar puncture

We report a 35-year-old male with an unusual contrast-enhancing sterile spinal subdural collection on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), apparently occurring as a complication of lumbar puncture. Follow-up MRI after 4 weeks demonstrated spontaneous resolution of the collection without intervening treatment.     

Revisiting the canonical definition of heat hematoma: A rare case of postmortem subdural heat hematoma

Heat hematoma is generally recognized as a postmortem heat-induced artifact in extradural spaces found in burned bodies. Conversely, subdural hematoma in charred bodies is more indicative of antemortem trauma. Here, we present a rare case of a subdural heat hematoma in forensic practice. The subdural hematoma was found in a charred body that was determined to be dead before the fire without findings of antemortem head injury. Furthermore, the detailed determination and formation mechanism of this subdural heat hematoma are discussed. With this rare case, we propose a reconsideration of the canonical definition of heat hematoma. This report envisions benefitting forensic pathologists facing similar cases.     

MR of neurologically symptomatic newborns after vacuum extraction delivery.

We present the MR findings in three neurologically symptomatic newborns after vacuum extraction delivery. The lesions included subdural hematomas, one tentorial hematoma, and one intracerebellar hemorrhage. One patient had hydrocephalus that required shunting. We propose that the visualized abnormalities are probably the result of vertical stress leading to laceration of bridging veins, venous sinuses, and/or venous hemorrhagic infarctions.     

Intradural nerve root hematoma in the lumbar spine. A case report

Intradural nerve root hematoma of the lumbar spine is extremely rare and can cause compression of the cauda equina. This case, which presented with low back pain and radiation to both lower extremities, diagnosed as an intradural hematoma of nerve root by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was totally removed successfully. Intradural nerve root hematoma can present with or without a history of trauma or blood dyscrasia, where MRI is the best imaging modality, and can be well treated by surgery.     

Relapsing juvenile chronic subdural hematoma in adult life.

Two cases of relapsing juvenile chronic subdural hematoma with late relapse in adult life are presented and the literature reviewed. Both patients contracted subdural hematoma early in life; its persistence resulted in characteristic skull deformitites. The patients led an asymptomatic life until a second head trauma caused rebleeding into the old hematoma sac with recurring symptoms and signs. The source of rebleeding is the outer subdural membrane. Radiographic features vary, depending on the location and size of the subdural hematoma. The significance of localized thickening of the cranium is stressed in refining the differential diagnosis.     

Membrane stain in chronic subdural hematoma: A rare angiographic sign

Summary Chronic subdural hematoma is diagnosed angiographically by the presence of an avascular zone as a result of medial displacement of the cerebral surface vessels from the inner table. A rare angiographic sign, membrane stain, is reported in a case of chronic subdural hematoma. The stain is presumed to represent the vascular membrane of the chronic subdural hematoma.     

成人外伤性脑梗死的CT诊断

目的 探讨成人外伤性脑梗死的影像特点.方法 分析30例成人外伤性脑梗死的临床与CT资料.结果 脑叶梗死17例,基底节-内囊区梗死13例,伴蛛网膜下腔出血15例,硬膜下血肿9例,硬膜外血肿3例,脑内血肿3例,脑疝5例,出血性脑梗死2例.结论 CT发现成人外伤性脑梗死的最佳时间是外伤后24 h～6 d,梗死多伴有颅脑损伤的其他CT表现,临床结合动态CT观察是诊断成人外伤性脑梗死的有效方法.