流浪儿童预防艾滋病教育需求评价

目的了解流浪儿童预防艾滋病基本知识，为在流浪儿童中开展预防艾滋病教育提供科学依据。方法以面对面访谈方式，于2006年在郑州和成都对53例13～15岁儿童进行了不记名问卷调查。结果在被调查的53名流浪儿童中，分别有60．4％（32／53）、54．7％（29／53）、35．8％（19／53）和47．2％（25／53）的儿童知道艾滋病可以通过与他人共用针头或注射器静脉吸毒、异性间性交行为、同性间性交行为和母婴途径传播。分别有41．5％（22／53）、35．8％（19／53）、26．4％（14／53）的儿童知道艾滋病病毒并不通过拥抱、同在一个教室上课和共餐传播。有13．2％（7／53）的流浪儿童回答有过性交行为；7．5％（4／53）回答第1次性交行为是不情愿的。67．3％（35／52）的流浪儿童想了解预防AIDS知识。结论流浪儿童缺少预防艾滋病基本知识。要重视在流浪儿童中开展预防艾滋病教育，并通过受教育的儿童向其他儿童和同伴传播预防艾滋病基本知识和技能。     

AIDS prevention among Hispanics: needs, risk behaviors, and cultural values

Data from different sources show that Hispanics are over-represented in reported cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (twice their proportion of the population) and that their rate of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is three times higher than among non-Hispanic whites. The behavior risk factors most frequently associated with infection in AIDS cases are IV drug use in the Northeast and high-risk sexual behavior in the West. HIV infection prevention strategies for Hispanics need to address high risk behaviors, taking into consideration associated culture-specific characteristics. Strategies need to address as well conditions such as racism and ethnic prejudices that keep many Hispanic homosexuals and bisexuals away from white or non-Hispanic gay organizations and publications, the lack of culturally appropriate drug treatment centers, the level of mis-information among Hispanics, and the possible high incidence among men of sexual intercourse with prostitutes. Prevention campaigns need to include such Hispanic cultural values as simpatia, familialism, personalismo, and power distance, if prevention campaigns are going to be perceived as relevant by Hispanics. Appropriate wording and communication channels need to be identified in order to transmit messages that will be perceived as credible and that will reach the largest possible audience.     

烟台市高校艾滋病健康教育需求及防治效果评价

目的 评估烟台市“日常工作+项目管理”双规机制的实施效果,为高校艾滋病健康教育与健康促进的发展提供科学依据。方法 定量研究采用问卷调查法,对比分析目标人群艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为等方面的差异,采用logistic回归分析高校青年学生艾滋病防治知识知晓率的影响因素。定性研究主要通过对高校领导开展个人深入访谈。结果 调查对象共2043人,多因素logistic回归分析显示,非项目高校（与项目高校相比,OR=0.44,95%CI:0.33～0.57）;19～20岁年龄组（与15～18岁年龄组相比,OR=0.58,95%CI:0.42～0.81）;未接受过AIDS宣传服务（与接受过AIDS宣传服务相比,OR=0.39,95%CI:0.27～0.56）;发生过性行为（与未发生过性行为相比,OR=0.70,95%CI:0.51～0.98）;不知晓正确使用安全套（与知晓正确使用安全套相比,OR=0.62,95%CI:0.47～0.81）;未主动关注艾滋病相关（与主动关注艾滋病相关相比,OR=0.44,95%CI:0.33～0.58）的调查对象艾滋病防治知识知晓率较低。访谈结果:与项目高校相比,非项目高校存在校方重视度低、宣传力度不足、学生参与度低、知识的掌握不够深入等问题。结论 “日常工作+项目管理”双规机制的实施效果显著。高校艾滋病健康教育工作仍需进一步强化部门合作机制,不断满足学生对艾滋病健康教育内容及形式的需求。     

Meeting the contraceptive and AIDS prevention needs of people living on a dollar a day

The new millennium sees the largest cohort of young people in history entering its fertile years. Many of these people are too poor to pay the full cost of modern contraception, but the money available for subsidizing their needs is exceedingly limited. The AIDS pandemic is placing additional, unprecedented demand on already overstretched resources. Existing methods of contraception that are well established and off-patent can be produced in bulk at low cost, and will remain the backbone of future programmes. The use of misoprostol as an abortifacient is likely to spread rapidly. New methods must take into account the limitations of the health infrastructure in developing countries and the imperative of low cost. Given the constraints of money, skills and facilities, it is essential to set realistic priorities for future contraceptive research and development. It is suggested that the greatest needs are for a woman-controlled method of preventing HIV transmission and for a non-surgical method of female sterilization.     

More similarities than differences: an international comparison of CVD mortality and risk factors in women

In this article we describe global cardiovascular risk factor trends in women, both physiological and behavioral, in order to improve the understanding of cardiovascular health of women. Our aim in presenting this information is to inform interventions and policies to improve the cardiovascular health of women. Although differences are apparent between developing and developed countries, a range of commonalities exist that allow a global approach to improving women's health. A multifaceted approach considering physiological, social, economic, and political determinants is critical to improve the cardiovascular health outcomes of women.     

AIDS funding: competing needs and the politics of priorities

Despite the Department of Health and Human Service's 1983 claim that AIDS is the nation's "number one health priority," funding for AIDS research, prevention, and treatment remains inadequate. Worse, it is often marshaled from or juxtaposed against other necessary health allocations. Consequent AIDS-related resource crises include diverting funds for research on other diseases to AIDS investigations, propping up AIDS prevention efforts at the expense of traditional sexually transmitted disease control programs, and pitting the health needs of AIDS patients against the needs of those seeking other urgent health services, e.g., prenatal care. While this forced competition typically is blamed on fiscal constraints, examination of federal spending priorities suggests that it results principally from Reagan Administration policies. This Administration has consistently boosted military spending at the expense of social and health services, and has deliberately undermined efforts to obtain sufficient and new allocations for AIDS. In order to avert political divisions spurred by competition for currently scarce resources, AIDS and other health activists together must argue that excessive military allocations must be shifted to health research and services, and that a national health program must be implemented, if AIDS programs are to be funded appropriately without jeopardizing other necessary health initiatives.     

性交易妇女预防艾滋病健康教育促进效果评价

全世界约有3/4的艾滋病病毒传播是通过性交发生的,其中又约有3/4是通过异性性交传播[1]。性交易妇女是艾滋病病毒向普通人群传播的重要“桥梁人群”[2],对该人群进行健康教育等行为干预,使她们改变或减少危险行为,是控制艾滋病传播蔓延的一项重要工作。我们对120名因从事商业性     

小组访谈法用于孕妇进行艾滋病防治健康教育需求调查结果分析

我国2000年报告经母亲传播给婴儿的性病比1999年增长了38.24%,目前我国虽然艾滋病传播的主要途径是经静脉吸毒血传播为主,但性传播和母婴传播途径已逐年上升,随着监测体系和手段的完善,这一传播途径还会被更多的感染者所证实.妇女中艾滋病病毒感染人数的增多,将使艾滋病婴儿数不断上升.因此,对性病艾滋病的母婴传播途径应引起充分的重视,并加强母婴传播途径的防治工作.各国的经验证明,在控制性病艾滋病流行中有针对性地开展健康教育是有效的措施之一.针对孕妇这一人群进行性病艾滋病防治知识的健康教育是迫切需要的.