32P液体球囊血管内照射对血管损伤后管壁基质金属蛋白酶9表达的影响

目的观察血管内液体球囊放射治疗对血管成形术后再狭窄的影响,同时通过观察放射治疗效应探讨放射治疗防止再狭窄发生的可能机制.方法雄性Wistar大鼠72只,体重300～350 g,随机分为两组,胸主动脉经球囊损伤(损伤组),球囊损伤加32P液体球囊血管内照射(照射组,按照射剂量分为20 Gy亚组和28Gy亚组).使用原位杂交方法测定管壁基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)mRNA表达;采用免疫组化的方法测定增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达阳性细胞;用计算机图像分析方法观察血管组织形态学的变化,并对原位杂交和免疫组化的结果进行定量分析.结果照射组与损伤组相比第14天外弹力板围绕面积、管腔面积明显增大,且随照射剂量的增加而增大;第1,3,7天管壁MMP-9 mRNA表达率明显降低,降低程度随照射剂量增加而增大.结论32P液体球囊可防止再狭窄的形成,其机制之一可能是通过抑制管壁MMP-9 mRNA表达,从而抑制血管重塑.     

基质金属蛋白酶与血管损伤后再狭窄的研究现状

基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）是一组能特异地降解细胞外基质成分的依赖锌酶家族,在组织重构中起重要作用,尤其在血管损伤后重建等诸多领域有着重要意义。MMPs能够催化降解血管平滑肌细胞周围基底膜,促进平滑肌细胞转化迁移,形成新生内膜,造成血管损伤后再狭窄。了解其作用机制有助于预防和治疗相关疾病。     

细胞外基质在血管平滑肌细胞迁移中的作用

血管损伤后新生内膜形成的过程,也是基质重建的过程,一方面血管平滑肌细胞增生、迁移,分泌大量的细胞外基质,另一方面又产生基质金属蛋白酶使基质不和解,最终导致再狭窄的发生。     

MMP-2、MMP-9和VEGF在肾癌中的表达与临床意义

目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶-2、-9(MMP-2、MMP-9)与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在肾癌组织中的表达与临床分期的意义.方法 蛋白免疫印迹法、ELISA和逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)检测癌组织MMP-2、MMP-9,蛋白质免疫印迹法和RT-PCR检测癌组织VEGF.结果 肾癌组织中MMP-2、MMP-9和VEGF明显表达,随着病程的进展MMP-2、MMP-9和VEGF活性逐渐增高,以Ⅳ期晚期最明显,VEGF与MMP-2、MMP-9表达具有正相关性.结论 MMP-2、MMP-9和VEGF参与了肾癌临床病情进展和发病机制.     

基质金属蛋白酶9及金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1在肺血栓栓塞相关肺血管重构中的作用探讨

目的 通过颈外静脉注入自体血凝块并应用氨甲环酸建立大鼠肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)相关肺血管重构动物模型,探讨基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)及金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1(TIMP-1)在PTE相关肺血管重构中的作用.方法 将56只SD大鼠随机分为PTE组及假手术组(Sham组).PTE组用注入血栓及抑制纤溶方法 制作PTE模型.Sham组用生理盐水代替血栓及抗纤溶药物.每组分别于制模后1、3、7、14 d各取7只鼠处死,留血检测 MMP-9、TIMP-1 含量.取左肺做苏木素伊红染色、磷钨酸苏木素(PTAH)染色及α- 平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)免疫组织化学(IH)染色,并做 MMP-9、TIMP-1 IH 及原位杂交(ISH)染色.结果 ①PTE组制模第7天见到栓塞部位肺血管重构,14 d 时更加明显.②PTE组血清 MMP-9 浓度及 MMP-9/TIMP-1 比值均高Sham(P0.01),TIMP-1在1 d 及3 d 时显著高于Sham组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),7 d与14 d 时降至 Sham 组水平.③PTE 组 IH 染色显示栓塞部位的血管及新生内膜中的平滑肌细胞内皮细胞及浸润的单核一巨噬细胞,MMP-9 染色阳性.栓塞部位的血管内皮细胞及平滑肌细胞 TIMP-1染色阳性.Sham 组 MMP-9及 TIMP-1 染色阴性或弱阳性.MMP-9 及 TIMP-1 ISH染色结果与 IH 染色结果 基本一致.④α-SMA染色显示平滑肌细胞是新生内膜的主要成分.结论 颈外静脉注入自体血栓并重复应用抗纤溶药物可成功建立大鼠PTE相关肺血管重构模型,PTE相关肺血管重构的主要病理改变为新生内膜生成.MMP-9/TIMP-1失调参与了PTE相关肺血管重构过程.     

大鼠胸主动脉损伤后罗格列酮对血管再狭窄及基质金属蛋白酶-9表达的影响

目的:通过观察罗格列酮对大鼠胸主动脉损伤后管腔狭窄、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)和磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(pERK)1、pERK2表达的影响,探讨罗格列酮减轻血管再狭窄的分子生物学机制。方法:90只SD大鼠随机均分为假手术组、损伤组和罗格列酮组。苏木精伊红染色观察血管管腔面积和内膜面积变化;原位杂交方法检测MMP9mRNA的表达;免疫组化方法检测MMP9及pERK1、pERK2蛋白表达;以放射免疫法测定血浆血栓素B2(TXB2)。结果:罗格列酮组管腔面积较损伤组增加、内膜面积较损伤组减少(均P<0.05)。罗格列酮组MMP9mRNA及蛋白和pERK1、pERK2蛋白表达较损伤组显著减少(P<0.05)。罗格列酮组TXB2的血浆浓度较损伤组显著减少(P<0.05)。结论:罗格列酮能减轻术后血管再狭窄的发生,其机制可能与通过影响信号转导通路pERK1、pERK2而抑制大鼠胸主动脉损伤后MMP9mRNA及蛋白表达,同时降低血浆中TXB2浓度有关。     

基质金属蛋白酶与血管重构的研究近况

细胞外基质是构成血管壁的主要成分,其代谢平衡受基质金属蛋白酶的调节。因此,基质金属蛋白酶与血管结构的改变密切相关。现就基质金属蛋白酶对某些心脑血管疾病血管重构的影响进行综述。     

血管抑素对糖尿病肾病大鼠MMP-2和MMP-9表达的影响

目的 探讨腺相关病毒介导血管抑素基因(rAAV-AS)对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾皮质中基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)和-9(MMP-9)表达的影响.方法 采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射法建立糖尿病动物模型.SD大鼠随机分为对照组、糖尿病组、rAAV空载体组和rAAV-AS治疗组.第10周检测大鼠的微量白蛋白尿(MAU)及肾脏肥大指数、肾功能、血糖、糖化血红蛋白;免疫组化观察肾皮质内MMP-2、MMP-9,光镜观察病理变化.结果 治疗组肾皮质中MMP-2、MMP-9的表达高于糖尿病组,但都低于对照组,免疫组化有相应的改变.结论 rAAV-AS对DN大鼠肾脏具有保护作用,其可能机制与其上调大鼠肾皮质中MMP-2、MMP-9的表达,从而减少肾组织细胞外基质(ECM)的聚集有关.     

兔主动脉球囊损伤后MMP-2和TIMP-2 mRNA的动态变化

目的 :探讨基质金属蛋白酶 2 (MMP 2 )、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子 2 (TIMP 2 )核糖核酸 (mR NA)在主动脉球囊损伤后的改变及可能作用。方法 :在兔腹主动脉球囊损伤的模型上 ,应用RT PCR的方法 ,观察MMP 2、TIMP 2mRNA在球囊损伤后不同时间的表达情况。结果 :MMP 2mRNA在球囊损伤后第 1天表达开始升高 ,第 7天达高峰。TIMP 2mRNA球囊损伤后第 1天表达开始逐渐升高 ,第 2 8天达高峰。结论 :MMP 2mRNA在球囊损伤后表达第 7天达高峰 ,在再狭窄早期平滑肌细胞的迁移与增殖中起重要作用 ;TIMP 2mRNA球囊损伤后表达第 2 8天达高峰 ,可能与再狭窄中、后期新生内膜形成及血管重塑有关。     

VEGF和MMP-9在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义

采用RT-PCR和Western blot技术研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)mRNA和蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌、大网膜转移病灶、卵巢良性肿瘤及正常卵巢组织中的表达.结果 显示,VEGF和MMP-9在卵巢癌中有过度表达,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期表达明显高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期,低分化高于中高分化,大网膜转移病灶表达高于原发病灶.推测VEGF和MMP-9的过度表达在卵巢癌的发生、侵袭、转移中起重要的协同作用.     

Abciximab inhibits the migration and invasion potential of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells

In the EPIC trial, high-risk patients received the integrin receptor antagonist abciximab v placebo during and for 12 h following percutaneous coronary intervention with a significant 23% decrease of repeat revascularisation at 6 months. However, EPILOG and CAPTURE trials could not confirm these promising long-term results. Recently presented data from the EPISTENT trial suggested a beneficial effect of abciximab on restenosis in patients with diabetes. Based on these divergent results the aim of this study was to test whether alpha v beta 3 receptor blockade by abciximab could cause inhibition of human coronary smooth muscle cell (hcSMC) proliferation, migration, and invasion which represent crucial steps during restenosis development. In contrast to quiescent hcSMCs, proliferating cells were capable to migrate towards chemoattractive stimuli and even capable to invade through a basement membrane equivalent. Abciximab and LM609, an alpha v beta 3 specific inhibiting antibody, caused only a modest dose-dependent inhibition of hcSMC proliferation. On the contrary, the chemotactic and invasive potential of hcSMCs was significantly inhibited by abciximab administration 24 h prior to and during migration. (IC(50)=33.0 microg/ml for chemotaxis and IC(50)=0.5 microg/ml for invasion). For LM609 similar results were obtained. Administration of the drugs just during migration without pretreatment inhibited migration equally but invasion to a lower extent (abciximab: IC(50)=32.6 microg/ml for chemotaxis and IC(50)=44.9 microg/ml for invasion; LM609 IC(50)=3.1 microg/ml for chemotaxis and IC(50)=2.0 microg/ml for invasion). The attachment to the extracellular matrix proteins collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and vitronectin was not influenced. Pretreatment for 24 h with abciximab or LM609 did not cause a downregulation of the alpha v beta 3-integrin receptor. The results of this study indicate that the alpha v beta 3 antagonist abciximab is a potent inhibitor of hcSMC migration and invasion which could explain the observed lower reintervention rate after PTCA and stent implantation.     

抗血小板制剂对家兔血管成形术后基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂表达的影响

观察抗血小板制剂西洛他唑对血管成形术后基质金属蛋白酶及组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂表达的影响.建立家兔二次损伤的血管成形术模型,随机分为对照组、高脂组及西洛他唑组.观察血管成形术后4周腹主动脉内膜增生情况,用免疫组织化学及逆转录聚合酶链反应检测基质金属蛋白酶2和9及组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂1和2的蛋白及mRNA表达.结果发现,血管成形术4周后,西洛他唑组新生内膜面积减少,管腔面积增大,与高脂组相比差异显著;基质金属蛋白酶2和9及组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂1和2的蛋白及mRNA表达水平与高脂组相比明显减低.结果提示,抗血小板制剂西洛他唑可以抑制血管成形术后内膜基质金属蛋白酶及组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂的表达,干预基质代谢,抑制内膜增生.     

Expression patterns of integrins on quiescent and invasive smooth muscle cells and impact on cell locomotion

Migration and invasion of human arterial smooth muscle cells (haSMCs) are essential steps during the development of atherosclerosis, restenosis, and transplant vasculopathy. The molecular mechanisms leading to these processes are only incompletely understood. Due to their contact to the surrounding extracellular matrix, integrins have been shown to be essentially involved in cell locomotion. Therefore, the function of integrins during this process was analyzed in an in vitro model which was based on the defined quiescent and invasive phenotypes of human haSMCs induced by cell culture conditions. Flow-cytometric analysis of integrin expression between both phenotypes showed a strong upregulation of alpha 5 beta 1 (13.1x) and a modest upregulation of alpha vs beta 3 (3.4x) and alpha IIb (3.0x) in invasive haSMCs in comparison to quiescent ones. Other integrins analyzed (alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 4, beta 1) did not show differential regulation. Functional inhibition of alpha 5 beta 1 reduced cell migration (-29%+/-8), invasion (-49%+/-16), collagen contraction (-125%), and attachment to fibronectin. Although, there was a clear discrepancy between alpha 5 beta 1 and alpha vs beta 3 expression levels, inhibition of alpha vs beta 3 (-45%+/-9) reduced haSMC invasion equally. Interestingly, alpha vs beta 3 unlike alpha 5 beta 1 blockade caused a significant stimulation of collagen contraction (+52% vs 154%) with possible implications on vascular remodeling. In conclusion, alpha 5 beta 1 blockade or combined alpha 5 beta 1/alpha v beta 3 blockade by specific antibodies or selective RGD peptides together with local drug delivery strategies could be a promising strategy for the therapy of restenotic lesions or atheromatous plaques.     

Local delivery of green tea catechins inhibits neointimal formation in the rat carotid artery injury model

It has been shown that green tea catechins (GTC) suppress proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is a major constituent of GTC, selectively inhibits the platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced intracellular signaling transduction pathway. Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation is one of major mechanisms of restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention. This study tested whether GTC can inhibit VSMC proliferation and prevent neointimal formation in a rat carotid artery injury model. Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation inhibition was analyzed with [³H]thymidine incorporation. Green tea catechins were applied to the endothelium-denuded carotid arteries of rats for 20min. Angiography and morphometric analysis was performed after 2 weeks. Green tea catechins decreased [³H]thymidine incorporation stimulated with PDGF-BB dose dependently. In the absence of PDGF-BB, the decrement of [³H]thymidine incorporation was evident above a concentration of 10µg/ml of GTC. Carotid arteriographic evaluation showed that the minimum luminal diameter in the GTC-treated group (n = 12) was 5.9 ± 1.6 arbitrary units (a.u.) and was significantly larger than in the control group (4.3 ± 1.4 a.u., n = 10) (P < 0.05). The GTC-treated group also showed a significant reduction in neointimal formation compared with the control group (0.29 ± 0.11 vs 0.42 ± 0.10mm², P < 0.05). To identify the active ingredients, we performed a similar experiment using EGCG. The effects of EGCG were similar to those of GTC. Green tea catechins effectively inhibited VSMC proliferation. Neointimal formation was prevented in the rat carotid artery injury model by local delivery of GTC. As EGCG showed similar effects, it may be one of the major constituents of GTC having these effects.     

XS0601对猪冠脉球囊损伤后内膜细胞凋亡及bcl-2、p53基因表达的影响

目的观察XS0601(由川芎和赤芍的有效部位组成)对猪冠状动脉球囊损伤后细胞凋亡及相关基因bcl-2、野生型p53表达的影响.方法球囊扩张损伤猪冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)中段内膜的方法建立再狭窄(RS)模型.其中对照组不给予特殊药物治疗,各药物组于术前2天开始给药,持续至术后4周处死.原位杂交方法观察球囊损伤后内膜中bcl-2、p53mRNA表达,原位末端标记法(ISEL)检测内膜中的凋亡细胞,并研究药物对细胞凋亡的影响.结果损伤后4周动脉在内弹力板(IEL)断裂情况下,形成了明显的新生内膜.小剂量和大剂量XS0601均可增加内膜中的凋亡细胞,其凋亡细胞阳性表达面积率与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.01和P<0.05);并能减少内膜中的bcl-2阳性杂交颗粒,增加p53阳性杂交颗粒.结论猪冠状动脉球囊损伤后新生内膜中的细胞凋亡水平较低,凋亡抑制基因bcl-2的表达增加.XS0601可通过减少凋亡抑制基因bcl-2的表达,上调凋亡促进基因p53的表达,从而对猪冠状动脉球囊损伤后SMC增殖过程中较低的凋亡水平进行调控,诱导新生内膜中的细胞凋亡.     

Multivariate Analysis of Clinical Factors in Restenosis after Coronary Stenting

Ojbective To find the independent predictors for restenosis after coronary stenting. Methods Quantitative angiography was performed on 60 cases (67 successfully dilated lesions) after angio-plasty over 6-months follow-up, and both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were done to i-dentify the correlations of restenosis with clinical factors. Results The total restenosis rate was 31. 3% (21 of 67 lesions), and according to univariate analysis the patients who underwent coronary stenting≥ 3. 5mm had a lower rate of restenosis ( P < 0. 01). Collateral circulation to the obstruction site, high maximal inflation pressure, smoking and the less minimal lumen diameter after PTCA made the rate of restenosis higherower ( P < 0. 05) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that coronary stenting ≥3. 5mm had a low rate of restenosis, but high maximal inflation pressure and smoking made the restenosis rate higher. Conclusion Coronary stent size, maximal inflation pressure and. smokin     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后再狭窄的临床特点和再成形治疗

目的     

吸烟大鼠脑血管内皮细胞基质金属蛋白酶9的表达

目的 观察不同吸烟量的大鼠脑血管内皮细胞基质金属蛋白酶9的表达，初步探讨吸烟导致脑缺血的发病机制。方法 选择健康Wistar大鼠60只，分为正常对照组、短期大量吸烟组、长期大量吸烟组、长期小量吸烟组、戒烟组和非吸烟组。通过免疫组织化学染色观察大鼠脑血管内皮细胞基质金属蛋白酶9的表达。结果 基质金属蛋白酶9阳性反应物呈棕黄色，正常对照组及非吸烟组细胞基质金属蛋白酶9表达极少，余各组有不同程度表达，且与对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论 吸烟可致脑血管内皮细胞基质金属蛋白酶9表达增加，且随着吸烟量和吸烟时间的增加表达增多，戒烟后表达下降。细胞基质金属蛋白酶9在吸烟时脑血管内皮细胞的表达增加可能是吸烟致脑梗死的主要途径之一。