恐怖症患者的应对方式研究

目的分析恐怖症患者在应对方式上的特征与规律,为研究恐怖症发病机制及开展有针对性的治疗提供依据。方法选取天津市某综合医院门诊恐怖症患者50例为病例组,选取同期该医院非心理科门诊患者50例为对照组。采用应对方式（CSQ）问卷调查。结果病例组应用解决问题[（0.62±0.09）分]、求助[（0.50±0.10）分]等积极应对方式的得分均低于对照组[分别为（0.83±0.10）分,（0.71±0.08）分],差别均有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）;病例组应用消极的应对方式的得分高于对照组（均P〈0.01）。结论恐怖症患者更多采用消极的应对方式。     

Mothers Whose Children Have ADD/ADHD Discuss Their Children's Medication Use: An Investigation of Blogs

This article presents the results of a frame and discourse analysis of Internet blog sites where parents (usually mothers) discuss their concerns about medication use by their children with attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD). This is a particularly important topic in an era characterized by powerful circulating discourses around the contentious medicalization of, and prevalent pharmaceutical treatments for, ADD/ADHD, as well as the mother blame associated with having a child diagnosed with ADD/ADHD. The findings document that the mothers see ADD/ADHD as legitimate medical diagnoses and view themselves as caretakers of children with brain and neuro-chemical anomalies affecting the behavior of their children. They favor pharmaceutical use and describe themselves as experts in the difficult and complex issues related to pharmaceuticalized parenting. At the same time their adoption of medicalization is contingent as they express specific critiques of some doctors, some types of doctors, and critically evaluate science.     

高职院校贫困生生活事件与应对方式对主观幸福感的影响

目的 通过探讨生活事件及应对方式对主观幸福感影响机制和途径问题,为提高贫困大学生的主观幸福感水平及维护其心理健康提供更科学有效的理论依据.方法 对浙江省7所高职院校贫困生的生活事件、应对方式及主观幸福感做相关问卷调查并数据分析.结果 贫困生的正负性生活事件与主观幸福感存在相关(r =0.172,P＜0.05,r =-0.245,P＜0.01),主观幸福感总分与应对方式中的5个因子存在显著的相关(相关系数r在0.206到0.377之间,P＜0.05),正负性生活事件与应对方式存在相关,解决问题维度与奖励与成功、经济和身体变好、正性其它成显著正相关(r在0.253到0.367之间,P＜0.01),自责与惩罚与失败呈显著正相关(r=0.224,p＜0.001),应对方式在高职院校贫困生生活事件对主观幸福感的影响中起到中介作用(β在0.172到0.375之间,t值在2.02到5.05之间,P＜0.05).结论 生活事件是影响贫困生主观幸福感的重要因素,不同的应对方式会对主观幸福感产生影响.     

Development of Coping Style Scale for school-going adolescents

This study was designed to explore the coping strategies used by boys and girls of Government school children of Lahore. For this purpose, the phenomenology of coping styles was explored using semi-structured interviews. The resultant scale of 52 items was then administered on the sample of 600 school children (301 boys and 299 girls). Factor analysis revealed three coping styles. including problem-focused spiritual coping, emotion-focused, and dependent coping styles. The Cronbach’s alpha was found to be 0.75 and 1 week test–retest reliability was found to be 0.827. The factor structure of the scale is discussed in the light of cultural variations and its utility in school system.     

高中生应对方式影响因素研究

目的探讨影响高中生应对方式形成的因素。方法从深圳市2所中学中随机选取200名高中学生,以团体施测的方式,要求其完成中学生应对方式量表、父母养育方式评价量表;采用spss11·0统计软件对结果进行t检验和多元逐步回归分析。结果①女高中生在采用发泄这种应对方式上显著高于男生(P<0·05);②独生与非独生子女在应对方式上的差异没有统计学意义;③父亲的情感温暖和理解、过分干涉养育方式对高中生的积极应对方式有一定预测效应。而母亲的过分干涉、过度保护养育方式对高中生的消极应对方式有一定预测效应。此外,性别、是否独生子女和母亲文化程度这些变量,一定程度上也能预测高中生的应对方式。结论高中女生更倾向于采用发泄的应对方式,父亲的情感温暖和理解、过分干涉及母亲的过分干涉、过度保护养育方式能预测高中生的应对方式。     

Coping Styles as Mediator of Sexual Orientation-Related Health Differences

The higher prevalence of health problems in homosexual compared to heterosexual populations is usually understood as a consequence of minority stress. We hypothesized that differential rates of health problems also could result from sexual orientation-related differences in coping styles. We explored this using data collected in a general population-based study (N = 9684) via face-to-face interviews. A higher prevalence of both mental and physical health problems, as assessed with individual questions, the GHQ-12, and checklists, was observed in homosexual compared to heterosexual men and women. Coping style was related to sexual orientation in men, but not in women. Compared to heterosexual men, homosexual men more strongly applied emotion-oriented and avoidance coping strategies. Emotion-oriented coping mediated the differences in mental and physical health between heterosexual and homosexual men. Findings suggest the importance of further exploration of the development and use of emotion-oriented and avoidance coping by homosexual men.     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童及家庭情况研究

目的 探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(简称ADHD)儿童自身及其家庭特点，以了解其可能的环境病因。方法60名ADHD采用自编问卷调查受试本人及家庭特征；应用SAS56．12统计软件进行t-检验、χ^2检验、Logistic回归分析。结果 12项指标均与对照组儿童有显著差别。Logistic回归分析结果显示：偏食、咬指甲、母性格及父子关系为显著危险因素，即儿童存在偏食及咬指甲，母性格不开朗及父子关系不亲密时。患ADHD的危险性较大。结论 儿童不良生活习惯及家庭环境可促使ADHD的发生。矫正儿童不良饮食习惯及行为，改变母亲恶劣性格及培养良好的父子关系可能减少ADHD的发病。     

Mothers experiencing homelessness: mental health, support and social care needs

Little is known about the experiences of mothers who become homeless. The numbers of women with children in this situation are growing, most becoming homeless following domestic or neighbour abuse, or the breakdown of family relationships. This qualitative study aimed to describe mothers' experiences of homelessness in relation to their mental health, support and social care needs. Twenty-eight homeless women with dependent children residing in hostels were interviewed. The experience of homelessness was stressful, but viewed as a respite for many of the participants because they had experienced violence and harassment prior to their stay in the hostels. Many described poor mental health, which they related to the conditions in hostels and traumas that they had experienced before becoming homeless. Their experiences and perceptions of the services available were mixed. Some valued the support offered by staff and other residents, but the majority felt that there was a lack of resources to address their needs. Many women had difficulty coping with homelessness, and several said that support from other homeless women was an important source of help. Services need to work together to meet the multiple health, social, psychological and housing needs of these women.     

师范大学生204名应激性生活事件和应对方式调查

目的了解师范大学生的主要压力源及常采用的应对方式,以便为采取有效的干预措施提供依据.方法采用问卷调查法,对204名师范大学生的压力源构成情况和常用的几种应对方式进行调查.结果生活事件发生的频率依次为考试失败、学习负担重、被人误会等,在7个事件上男女性别差异显著.生活事件各因子应激量从大到小排序为学习压力、人际关系、受惩罚、健康与适应问题、其他、亲友与财产丧失.常采用的应对方式是:努力去改变现状,使情况向好的一面转化(89.7%);吸取他人和自己经验(88.7%);从失败中吸取经验(86.8%);能理智应付困境(85.3%)等.在采取消极应对方式上具有显著性别差异.结论生活应激事件主要来自学习方面和人际关系方面等.采用的应对方式一般为主动、积极地针对问题的应付,但仍有部分学生的应对方式倾向于消极.     

中学生的应对方式特征

目的 了解当前中学生的压力应对方式,为中学生心理健康教育提供依据.方法 利用修订后的《中学生应对方式量表》对四川、重庆两地初一至高三的1 200多名学生进行了调查.结果 当前我国中学生应对生活压力的主要方式依次为问题解决、求助、逃避、忍耐、幻想、合理宣泄及消极反抗;其中,女生比男生更多采用求助和合理宣泄应对,男生比女生更多采用忍耐、幻想和消极反抗应对;重点中学学生比普通中学学生更多采用问题解决,更少采用忍耐和消极反抗应对;不同年级的中学生应对方式有较大不同.结论 在不同的应对方式上,性别差异、学校差异、年级差异仍旧存在,应有针对性地对中学生进行心理健康教育.     

合肥市6～11岁儿童多动症患病情况调查

[目的]了解合肥市6～11岁儿童中多动症的患病情况。[方法]采用上海长征医院儿科用多动症诊断量表,对合肥市7所小学6～11岁儿童1159人进行调查分析。[结果]合肥市7所小学6～11岁儿童多动症患病率为10.58％;88％为轻度患病;男女之比为2.21;郊区农村和城区的患病率分别为14.98％和9.17％。[结论]合肥市6～11岁儿童多动症患病率与国内外资料报告相似。     

中学生的应对方式特征

目的了解当前中学生的压力应对方式,为中学生心理健康教育提供依据。方法利用修订后的《中学生应对方式量表》对四川、重庆两地初一至高三的1200多名学生进行了调查。结果当前我国中学生应对生活压力的主要方式依次为问题解决、求助、逃避、忍耐、幻想、合理宣泄及消极反抗;其中,女生比男生更多采用求助和合理宣泄应对,男生比女生更多采用忍耐、幻想和消极反抗应对;重点中学学生比普通中学学生更多采用问题解决,更少采用忍耐和消极反抗应对;不同年级的中学生应对方式有较大不同。结论在不同的应对方式上,性别差异、学校差异、年级差异仍旧存在,应有针对性地对中学生进行心理健康教育。     

Mothers Alone and Supporting Chronically Mentally Ill Adult Children

Increasingly, state hospitals are discharging large numbers of patients to their families and a significant number of these patients are severely mentally ill. The burden upon mothers who live alone and have to care for chronically mentally ill adult children is the focus of this paper. The author explores this phenomenon through the use of a qualitative research methodology to better capture the problems and struggles ion these caretaking arrangements. Increased stress is found to contribute to a greater vulnerability to illness for the mother. Interventions are suggested which would reduce this burden and contribute towards a more healthy environment for the mother.     

Family Social Capital: Links to Weight-Related and Parenting Behaviors of Mothers with Young Children

Family social capital includes the social relationships, values, and norms shared by a family and is positively linked with children’s mental and physical health status. This cross-sectional study addresses a gap in the literature related to family social capital vis-à-vis weight-related behaviors and home environments of 557 mothers and their young children (ages 2 to 9 years). Mothers completed an online survey comprised of valid, reliable questionnaires assessing family relationships and weight-related behavioral and home environment measures. The measures that determined family social capital (i.e., supportive, engaged parenting behaviors; family cohesion; family conflict; and family meal frequency) yielded distinct tertile groups that differed significantly (p < 0.001) on every family social capital measure with large effect sizes. Analysis of variance with Tukey post-hoc test revealed greater family social capital was linked to significantly better maternal health, dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep behavior. Additionally, maternal modeling of healthy eating and physical activity, child feeding practices, and home environments was higher in groups with greater family social capital. Child mental and physical health, physical activity, and sleep quality were better in families with greater family social capital. Findings suggest greater family social capital is linked to healthier weight-related behaviors and home environments. Future intervention studies should incorporate strategies to build family social capital and compare longitudinal outcomes to traditional interventions to determine the relative value of family social capital on health behaviors.     

不同应对方式对2型糖尿病患者心理反应的影响

目的了解不同应对方式对2型糖尿病患者心理反应症状的影响。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和医学应对评定量表,对200例2型糖尿病患者进行调查,并与国内常模进行比较,得出自评量表各因子与应对方式之间的关系。结果 2型糖尿病患者心理症状总分高于国内常模（P〈0.01）;其心理症状客观存在,结果与国内常模比较,躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖均高于国内常模（P〈0.05）;应对方式回避高于国内常模（P〈0.01）,具有统计学意义;其中强迫、焦虑、敌对、精神病性与回避呈正相关,躯体化与屈服呈显著正相关。结论 2型糖尿病患者的心理症状客观存在,应加强心理护理,提高患者的生活质量。     

Support Group for Parents Coping with Children with Type 1 Diabetes

Objectives

Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Active parental involvement, parental support in the diabetes management and family functioning are associated with optimal diabetes management and glycemic control. The purpose of this study was to assess parental satisfaction with participation in the group and their perceptions of the impact of the intervention on living and coping with childrens T1D.

Methods

A sample of 34 parents of children with T1D participated in this trend study. The participants’ experience and satisfaction with support group was measured by a self- evaluation questionnaire, designed for the purpose of the present study.

Results

Quantitative data show that parents were overall satisfied with almost all measured items of the evaluation questionnaire (wellbeing in the group, feeling secure, experiencing new things, being able to talk and feeling being heard) during the 4-year period. However, parents from the second and third season, on average, found that the support group has better fulfilled their expectations than the parents from the first season (p = 0,010). The qualitative analysis of the participants’ responses to the open-ended questions was underpinned by four themes: support when confronting the diagnosis, transformation of the family dynamics, me as a parent, exchange of experience and good practice and facing the world outside the family.

Discussion

The presented parent support group showed to be a promising supportive, therapeutic and psychoeducative space where parents could strengthen their role in the upbringing of their child with T1D.     

初中生压力应对方式的调查研究

目的 探讨不同性别、年级、生源地初中生应对方式的差异,为初中生应对方式的干预研究提供依据.方法 采用<中学生应对方式量表>对520名初中生进行测查.结果 女生应对方式中,采取发泄的方式显著多于男生;与初一、初二学生相比,初三学生更多采取问题解决的方式,而初一学生则较多采取幻想的方式;与农村、牧区来源的学生相比,城镇学生更多采取问题解决的方式,而农村学生则更多采取求助和退避的方式.结论 在不同的应对方式上,不同性别、不同年级及不同生源地的初中学生差异均有显著性意义.     

初中生压力应对方式的调查研究

目的探讨不同性别、年级、生源地初中生应对方式的差异,为初中生应对方式的干预研究提供依据。方法采用《中学生应对方式量表》对520名初中生进行测查。结果女生应对方式中,采取发泄的方式显著多于男生;与初一、初二学生相比,初三学生更多采取问题解决的方式,而初一学生则较多采取幻想的方式;与农村、牧区来源的学生相比,城镇学生更多采取问题解决的方式,而农村学生则更多采取求助和退避的方式。结论在不同的应对方式上,不同性别、不同年级及不同生源地的初中学生差异均有显著性意义。