在婚者与离婚者婚姻质量与个性的调查分析

目的调查分析在婚者与离婚者的婚姻质量和个性的关系。方法采用Olson婚姻质量问卷和明尼苏达多相人格调查表中的3个临床量表和4个附加量表组成的问卷,对30名在婚者和30名离婚者做问卷调查。结果离婚组婚姻质量总分以及7个因子得分低于在婚组,有显著性差异;离婚组偏见分量表得分高于在婚组,有显著性差异;偏见与婚姻质量总分以及8个因子呈显著负相关;夫妻交流与偏见、精神衰弱、依赖性呈显著负相关,与社会责任感呈显著正相关。结论①夫妻双方在偏见这一个性特征上的相容性不好,是导致婚姻破裂的主要因素之一;②个性对婚姻质量的影响很可能是通过夫妻交流这一环节起作用的;③个性变出的个体婚姻盾量并不一定低于个性不变出的个体．主要还要看去圭个性组合的结果．     

高校教师与服务业员工婚姻质量比较

目的:了解不同职业人群的婚姻质量状况,识别婚姻冲突的群体所在。方法:随机抽取海南省两所高校已婚教师200名、服务行业已婚员工144名作Olson婚姻质量调查。结果:1．高校教师婚姻质量问卷总得分高于服务业员工(35．1±6．7／33±6．6,t=5．59,P=0．00),高校教师在婚姻满意度、性格相容性、夫妻交流、经济安排、业余活动、子女和婚姻方面得分均高于服务业员工(t=3．37～2．20,P<0．05、 0．01)。2．30-39岁高校教师得分高于同年龄同性别服务业员工,男性表现在性格相容性、解决冲突方式、业余活动和亲友的关系方面(t=2．25-3．13,P<0．05),女性表现在婚姻满意度、性格相容性、夫妻交流、经济安排、业余活动以及子女和婚姻方面(t=2．12～3．41,P<0．05);女性20-29岁高校教师除信仰一致性方面得分高于服务业员工之外,在性格相容性、解决冲突方式、子女和婚姻以及与亲友的关系方面得分均低于服务业员工(t=2．21～2．59,P<0．05);3．学士在经济安排,硕士在婚姻满意度、夫妻交流、业余活动、子女和婚姻以及性格相容性,博士在业余活动方面得分均高于学士以下(F=3．01～3．91)。结论:高校教师总体婚姻质量状况优于服务业员工;应关注20-29岁类高校女性教师与30-39岁类服务业男性、女性员工的婚姻状况。     

酒精依赖者婚姻质量调查

目的 :了解酒精依赖者的婚姻质量问题。方法 :采用 SCL- 90、Olson婚姻质量问卷对 68例酒精依赖者和 62例正常对照者进行了对比研究。结果 :酒精依赖与对照组比较 ,酒精依赖组在抑郁、焦虑、人际关系、敏感、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性得分显著高于对照组 ,而在婚姻满意度、性格相容性、夫妻交流、业余活动、性生活、与亲友关系等得分显著低于对照组。结论 :酒依赖者婚姻和生活质量差。     

夫妻性格组合与婚姻质量关系探讨

目的 :探讨性格与婚姻质量的关系。方法 :采用 L OCK- WAL L ANCE婚姻调适测定及艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)对广州地区 689对中年夫妻进行调查。结果 :由中间型性格男性与内向型性格女性组合的家庭婚姻满意率最高达 70 % ,性格同属中间型的男女组合的家庭婚姻满意率居第二位 ,性格同属内向型男女组合的家庭婚姻满意率最低。结论 :夫妻性格组合对婚姻质量有一定影响。     

241例婚姻满意度调查

为探讨影响婚姻满意度的有关因素，用ENRICH量表对南京四所医院的241名职工及家属进行评定，发现婚姻满意度与过分理想化、解决冲突方式、性生活、夫妻交流和经济安排呈中度显著相关，而夫妻之间的角色分工、婚姻观念、业余兴趣爱好、对子女教育以及社会关系对婚姻满意度并无决定性的影响。     

火车司机人格特质对婚姻质量的影响

目的探讨火车司机人格特质对婚姻质量的影响,为婚姻咨询和心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用Olson婚姻质量问卷(ENRICH)中婚姻满意度、夫妻交流、解决冲突的方式、性生活4因子和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)测试火车司机335名。结果外向-内向与婚姻质量各因子呈显著正相关(P<0.01);掩饰性与婚姻满意度、夫妻交流、性生活呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与解决冲突的方式呈显著正相关(P<0.05);神经质和精神质与婚姻质量各因子呈显著负相关(P<0.01);外向和低神经质者婚姻满意度、夫妻交流、解决冲突的方式、性生活高于内向和高神经质者(t=4.20,4.95,5.64,4.26,4.77,4.71;P<0.001;t=2.83,P<0.01;t=2.31,P<0.05);低神经质者对婚姻满意度正性评价显著高于高神经质者(t=4.35,P<0.001;t=3.69,3.56,3.33,2.82;P<0.01)。结论火车司机人格特质影响婚姻质量,以神经质为最重要的影响因素。     

中国人的婚姻质量状况

目的：调查中国人婚烟满意状况。方法：用中国人婚姻质量问卷对1303名已婚者进行调查，其中夫妻配对资料224对。结果：无论是男性还是女性，总体满意度都处于中等水平，基本上呈正态分布，仅在性格相容和子女婚姻两个维度有统计学差异；约60％以上的人觉得自己的婚姻比较满意，30％的人认为基本满意，5％的体验到非常满意，只有2％左右的人感到不满意；夫妻婚姻质量具有较高的相关性，主观满意度一致的人数占60％以上，不一致或很不一致的人数只占100％。结论：中国人的总体婚姻质量处于中等水平，90％的夫妻对自己的婚姻感到满意，只有2％左右的人感到不满意。     

原发性男性不育症夫妻婚姻质量初探

目的：探讨原发性男性不育夫妻的婚姻质量，为开展心理咨询提供资料。方法：采用Olson婚娴质量问卷对37例原发性男性不育夫妻进行问卷调查。结果：①男性不育夫妻与在婚者男女比较．婚姻满意度、夫妻交流、性生活因子分均高于在婚者：不育者妻子在解决冲突方式、业余活动、与亲友关系因子分离于女性在婚者。②男性不育者与新婚男性比较无差异；不育者妻子业余活动因子分高于新婚女性，经济安排分低于新婚女性。结论：男性不育对家庭婚姻质量影响不明显。     

青年女医生的婚姻质量与主观幸福感

目的探讨青年女医生婚姻质量的状况及其与主观幸福感的关系。方法采用Olson婚姻质量问卷和主观幸福感问卷对226名青年女医生进行调查。结果①青年女医生的婚姻质量在解决冲突方式、夫妻交流、业余生活、子女和婚姻、角色平等性等因子上均低于常模(t=7.11,16.92,35.68,32.30,7.44;P<0.01);②青年女医生主观幸福感低于常模(t=10.64,P<0.01);③婚姻质量与主观幸福感之间存在正相关(r=0.286,P<0.05)。结论婚姻质量好坏对主观幸福感存在影响。     

青年军官婚姻质量与主观幸福感的关系研究

目的研究青年军官主观幸福感与婚姻质量的关系。方法采用Olson婚姻质量问卷、情感平衡量表和幸福感指数量表对302名有效青年军官进行调查。结果①幸福感指数(10.34±2.65)低于常模(11.8±2.2),情感平衡指数(6.3)低于常模(6.7);②在幸福感指数上,青年军官婚姻质量(F=1.85,P<0.01)、性生活(F=1.70,P<0.01)、业余活动(F=1.76,P<0.01)和过分理想化(F=1.69,P<0.01)呈现差异;婚姻满意度(F=1.62,P<0.05)、夫妻交流(F=1.62,P<0.05)、解决冲突方式(F=1.46,P<0.05)呈现差异。青年军官婚姻质量及其各维度与总体情感指数和幸福感指数均呈现相关(P<0.01)。青年军官婚姻质量和性格相容性对幸福感指数具有重要的影响。结论青年军官的婚姻质量越高,其主观幸福感越高。     

Till violence does us part: the differing roles of communication and aggression in predicting adverse marital outcomes.

Measures of communication and aggression, taken from 56 newlywed couples, were used to predict marital outcomes 4 years later. Aggression discriminated between separated or divorced couples and those who remained married. In contrast, communication discriminated between couples who were maritally satisfied after 4 years and those who were married but dissatisfied. Thus, over the 1st 4 years of marriage, marital satisfaction and dissolution appear to be predicted by separate factors. These results remained unchanged after controlling for initial marital satisfaction. Additional analyses showed that 68% of the marriages could be accurately classified into their outcome groups using communication and aggression variables. These results help to integrate prior marital research on communication and aggression, and they suggest that it may be necessary to focus on both factors in efforts to strengthen marriages and prevent divorce.     

新疆和田地区667例60岁以上老人长寿影响因素分析

目的了解新疆和田地区老人的长寿影响因素,探讨遗传和环境因素与长寿之间的关系。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对新疆和田地区洛浦县、墨玉县和和田县的8个乡共667例老人进行长寿因素调查,包括问卷调查和体格检查。结果研究对象的平均每标准人日热能摄入量为2196.02kcal,占推荐摄入量（RNI）的115.58%。其主要营养素摄入量中,胆固醇、视黄醇、尼克酸、锌较低,分别占RNI的38.88%、36.71%、59.29%和53.80%,其它摄入量都已接近或超过RNI;单因素Logistic回归分析显示,婚次、婚姻状况、性生活、住房状况、家族长寿史、既往病史和碳水化合物有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;多因素逐步Logistic分析显示,婚姻状况、性生活、住房面积和家族长寿史是老人长寿的影响因素（P〈0.05）。结论长寿的父母有长寿的子女,已婚的老人比未婚、离婚、丧偶的老人长寿,有正常性生活的老人比无性生活的老人长寿;增加对老年人婚姻和性生活的关心,有利于提高老年人的生活质量。     

The impact of the financial costs of multiple sclerosis on quality of life

This study examined the financial costs of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the impact of financial strain on the subjective quality of life of people with MS and their families. Due to the lack of research in this area, a qualitative research design was employed. Interviews were conducted with 16 health professionals, 26 people with MS, and 11 family members of people who had MS. Adjusting to actual or threatened loss of income caused financial stress. These financial struggles led to a lower quality of life among respondents. Problem solving, coping, and positive reappraisal helped people to adjust to financial changes. Professionals focused on increased funding for services, whereas people with MS focused on improved income support. These findings highlight the need for professionals to consider the financial strain associated with this disease and the impact of this strain on the quality of life of individuals with MS and their families.     

影响乳腺癌患者术后生存质量的多因素分析

目的：分析乳腺癌患者术后生存质量的影响因素。方法：采用乳腺癌生存质量量表，对155例乳腺癌术后患者进行调查。结果：病理分期、经济收入、婚姻状况、术后时间对患者的生存质量有影响，年龄、医疗保障方式、就业情况及手术类型亦有一定的影响。结论：患者年龄、病理分期、经济状况、医疗保障、术后时间、手术方式与乳腺癌患者术后生存质量有关。     

婚姻质量的研究现状

目的探讨婚姻质量的研究现状。方法在中国期刊网,利用文献检索法复习了近年24篇研究论文,进行归纳分析,从不同侧面探讨婚姻质量与家庭关系。结果①婚姻质量的测量工具较多;②社会阶层较高者、婚前感情基础较好、婚后一致性又较强的夫妻婚姻质量相对较高;婚龄与婚姻质量呈“U”字形曲线相关;③感情生活满意度与年龄变量呈负相关;④结婚年数和婚姻满意度之间其实是一种负相关关系;⑤夫妻共同参与休闲活动有助于增加婚姻的满意度;⑥婚姻质量越高,婴儿发育越好。结论影响婚姻质量的因素较多,如社会地位、文化程度、婚龄、夫妻休闲活动等。     

Does marriage and relationship education work? A meta-analytic study

In this meta-analytic study, the authors examined the efficacy of marriage and relationship education (MRE) on 2 common outcomes: relationship quality and communication skills. A thorough search produced 86 codable reports that yielded 117 studies and more than 500 effect sizes. The effect sizes for relationship quality for experimental studies ranged from d = .30 to .36, while the communication skills effect sizes ranged from d = .43 to .45. Quasi-experimental studies generated smaller effect sizes, but these appeared to be due to pretest group differences. Moderate-dosage programs produced larger effect sizes than did low-dosage programs. For communication skills, published studies had larger effects than those of unpublished studies at follow-up; there were no publication differences for relationship quality. There was no evidence of a gender difference. Unfortunately, a lack of racial/ethnic and economic diversity in the samples prevented reliable conclusions about the effectiveness of MRE for disadvantaged couples, a crucial deficit in the body of research. In addition, intervention outcomes important to policy makers, such as relationship stability and aggression, rarely have been addressed.     

An empirical investigation of emotional reactions to divorce

Administered three personality tests to four groups (N = 74): (1) individuals who subjectively defined their marriages as good; (2) individuals who were undergoing marriage counseling; (3) individuals who had filed for divorce, but had not yet been to court; and (4) individuals who had been divorced between 6 and 12 months. These groups were selected to represent the various stages of the divorce process and thus constituted a cross-sectional design. Results indicated intensified feelings of depression, anxiety, and hositility as one entered marriage counseling. These feelings were maintained through the period of attaining the divorce; however, by the sixth to twelfth month after the divorce most of these negative feelings had disappeared.     

Socioeconomic variation in the financial consequences of ill health for older people with chronic diseases: A systematic review

Chronic disease has financial consequences for older adults, but it is unclear how this varies between conditions with different disease trajectories. The aim of this study was to review evidence on the financial burden associated with cancer, heart failure or stroke in older people, to identify those most at risk of financial adversity. We systematically searched nine databases for studies with data on the illness-related financial burden (objective), or on the perception of financial hardship (subjective), of older patients and/or their informal caregivers in high-income countries. We identified thirty-eight papers published in English between 1984 and 2012. Studies fell into three categories: those reporting direct, out of pocket, costs (medical and/or non-medical); studies of the indirect costs associated with illness (such as wage or income loss); and papers reporting general financial or economic burdens secondary to illness. Three out of four studies focused on people with cancer. More affluent people had greater out of pocket costs, but were less financially burdened by illness, compared with older adults from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Disadvantaged patients and families were more likely to report experiences of financial hardship, and spend a higher proportion of their income on all expenses related to their diagnoses. This review illustrates how little is known about the financial adversity experienced by patients with some common chronic conditions. It raises the possibility that higher expenditure by more affluent older people may be creating inequalities in how chronic illness is experienced. The development of effective strategies for financial protection at older ages will require more information on who is affected and at which point in their illness trajectory.     

老年人生活质量与心理健康的相关性研究

目的：了解老年人的生活质量与心理健康水平的相关性，为老年人的心理卫生服务提供目标依据。方法：采用一般情况问卷，生活质量综合评定问卷，症状自评量表（SCL－90）对社区60岁以上老年人1085人进行问卷调查。结果：老年人的生活质量与家庭关系。经济收入，躯体健康有关。而影响心理健康的因素依次有经济状况，躯体健康，社会支持，婚姻家庭，性别，结论：在社区服务中，不仅要重视老年人躯体疾病的防治，更要重视老年人的精神卫生教育和健康宣传，帮助老年人提高积极的心理防御能力，关心老人的生活起居和情感需求，最终提高老年人的生活质量。