Health services research in alcoholism

Alcoholism has become an important health care problem for the United States and the VA medical care system. The percentage of inpatients in Veterans Administration hospitals with a diagnosis of alcoholism rose from 13.0% in 1970 to a high of 15.6% in 1977. Health services research work in alcoholism has generally fallen into four major areas: community diagnosis; utilization of services by alcoholics; the effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of services; and the organization of information systems and their applicability to alcoholism. Obstacles to research include a poor understanding of the prevalence of the disease among the veteran's population, but the system offers many more opportunities than obstacles. A new information system. SATAR (Substance Abuse Treatment Automated Records), offers a chance for large-scale investigation of the problem of alcoholism among VA patients when combined with other information systems and allows for special comparisons through its large, integrated network of hospitals and clinics.     

A chartless record—Is it adequate?

The computerized medical record supported by The Medical Record (TMR) has been the only record of physician-patient encounters on the nephrology service of the Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center since April 1981. Physicians using the system evaluated the adequacy of the computerized record as a replacement for the paper chart. The computerized record was able to capture and display all pertinent data. Manual or computerized narratives provided a useful supplement to the core computerized record only in those rare instances that a physician needed to point out which of the data in the record were important to his decision making.     

Coexistence of Fabry disease and IgA nephropathy: a report of two cases

Background

Coexistence of Fabry disease and IgA nephropathy is rare. Moreover, the coexisting Fabry disease may be unrecognized due to unapparent clinical manifestations.

Method

We described two cases with coexisting Fabry disease and IgA nephropathy. The clinicopathological features of these two patients were studied.

Results

A 54-year-old male presented with proteinuria, hematuria, and hypertension, and a 33-year-old male presented with proteinuria without clinical signs or family history of Fabry disease. Both of them were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy at admission, whereas Fabry disease was not suspected. Subsequent immunofluorescent study confirmed the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy by showing positive staining for IgA and complement C3 in the mesangium. Meanwhile, light microscopy showed remarkable vacuolation of podocytes with mild mesangial expansion, which was characteristic of Fabry nephropathy. Further examination of toluidine blue-stained semi-thin sections and electron microscopy demonstrated blue bodies and myelin figures in the cytoplasm of podocytes, respectively. The diagnosis of coexisting Fabry disease was finally established based on deficient α-galactosidase A activity in both patients.

Conclusion

This case study is an important reminder of the role of kidney biopsy as an indicator of Fabry disease and its rare coexistence with IgA nephropathy.     

Evolution of a computerized support system for health care capacity planning

This paper describes the evolution of a computerized support system for health care capacity planning within the Veterans Administration (VA) health care system. The VA's early attempts at computerization are described, along with the subsequent refinements made necessary by the deficiencies in those early attempts. The evolution of both the planning logic and the software configurations is set forth, along with some plans for future development.     

An ultrasonic head position interface for wheelchair control

To give quadriplegics independent mobility, a “smart” microprocessor-based electric wheelchair has been developed by the Palo Alto Veterans Administration Medical Center and Stanford University. Ultrasound distance-ranging technology is employed to track the user's head position in two-dimensional space. These data are then used to determine the chair's direction and speed. A working prototype vehicle using this type of motion control has been successfully demonstrated. Obstacle detection, wall-following, and cruise control modes are other implemented features of the current design.     

A problem-oriented approach to medical information systems

A relatively simple computer-based information system developed for a primary care group practice at the San Francisco Veterans Administration Hospital contributes to the management of the practice, to improvement of medical care for patients within the group, and to research studies on resource utilization in the management of chronic diseases and the evaluation of care of chronically ill patients. Preliminary results from the use of the information system are encouraging and demonstrate that much may be achieved by information systems that do not attempt to computerize the entire medical record.     

The organization of health services research in the Veterans Administration

The VA health services research, development, and education efforts are organized in four main programs: (1) the Intramural Research Program, (2) the VA-University Health Services Research Affiliation Program, (3) the Health Services Research Training Program, and (4) the Contract Research Program. This report first describes the administrative location and structure of the Health Services Research and Development Service within the VA Department of Medicine and Surgery. Then the goals, organizational structure, and major activities of each program are presented.     

Data base management for nursing education

The data base management system (DBMS) is one tool that can greatly facilitate the organization and retrieval of such information. An overview of DBMS is presented for nurse educators with considerations for using and selecting a DBMS. System 1022 (produced by Software House, 1983), is discussed in terms of the process and problems encountered.     

The role of health services research in the Veterans Administration-and beyond

The papers presented at the conference are summarized and the critical points of each are highlighted. There appears to be a real role for health services research in the Veterans Administration health care system, and it can be used to carry out the threefold task of learning what is now being done in the system, what has been achieved, and what needs to be done. The task is difficult but the VA and health services researchers have the skill, dedication, and resources to meet the challenge.     

Medical technology: Assessment,adoption, and utilization

Promotion of appropriate diffusion of technology in medicine is handicapped by: (1) thorny conceptual, ethical, and methodological problems in technology assessment; (2) a lack of consistent findings on the factors affecting technology adoption and utilization; and (3) a disturbing lack of apparent connection between assessment, adoption, and utilization. This paper reviews published work in these areas of inquiry, highlights areas of needed research, and suggests areas in which the health system of the Veterans Administration could make particularly valuable contributions.     

Diagnostic values of carcinoembryonic antigen in predicting peritoneal recurrence after curative resection of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis

Aim

A meta-analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic values of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in predicting the peritoneal recurrence after curative resection of gastric cancer.

Methods

The Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid and Cochrane databases, Google Scholar and Vivisimo engines were searched to identify studies reporting on the accuracy of CEA protein or CEA mRNA in predicting the postoperative peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer. Publication bias was demonstrated by Funnel plots and Egger test. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated and summary receiver operating characteristic curves were generated.

Results

Seven and eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for CEA protein and mRNA determination, including 635 and 849 patients, respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and DOR of CEA protein for predicting the peritoneal recurrence were 0.77 (95 % CI 0.69–0.84), 0.89 (95 % CI 0.86–0.92), 29.71 (95 % CI 10.27–85.92), respectively. Similarly, the values for CEA mRNA were 0.82 (95 % CI 0.75–0.88), 0.82 (95 % CI 0.79–0.85) and 22.97 (95 % CI 10.90–48.41). Meanwhile, the sensitivity and DOR of CEA protein or mRNA were higher than those of cytology, while higher specificity was noted in cytology assay.

Conclusion

CEA protein and mRNA levels in peritoneal lavage show a high diagnostic accuracy and may help accurately predict the peritoneal recurrence after curative resection of gastric cancer.     

Service Oriented Architecture for Clinical Decision Support: A Systematic Review and Future Directions

The use of a service-oriented architecture (SOA) has been identified as a promising approach for improving health care by facilitating reliable clinical decision support (CDS). A review of the literature through October 2013 identified 44 articles on this topic. The review suggests that SOA related technologies such as Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and Service Component Architecture (SCA) have not been generally adopted to impact health IT systems’ performance for better care solutions. Additionally, technologies such as Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) and architectural approaches like Service Choreography have not been generally exploited among researchers and developers. Based on the experience of other industries and our observation of the evolution of SOA, we found that the greater use of these approaches have the potential to significantly impact SOA implementations for CDS     

Studies on six patients with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism — The response to a short course of pulsatile LHRH

SIX patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, five males and one female, aged 20–26 years, were studied. All therapy with either testos terone or oestrogen was stopped for at least two months prior to the study. Basal levels of serum LH, FSH, oestradiol and testosterone were low and the response to 100 ug LHRH intravenously was vari able, ranging from a flat response to a normal response. Pulsatile doses of LHRH 25 ng/kg were administered sub cutaneously every two hours over a 72 hour period. The serum levels of testos terone and oestradiol remained at the previous low values but the levels of LH and FSH rose significantly in all patients. The response to 100 ug LHRH intravenously immediately after this treatment was unchanged. If there is not a consistent rise in LH in the early days after initiation of LHRH pulsatile therapy, changes to the dose and/or route of administration should be made.     

Time-effect Relationship of Extracts from Ginseng, Notoginseng and Chuanxiong on Vascular Endothelial Cells Senescence

Objective:To observe the time-effect relation of extracts from ginseng,notoginseng and chuanxiong on angiotensin II(AngⅡ)-induced senescence of vascular endothelial cells and explore the feature of Chinese medicine against vascular diseases.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)cultured in vitro were stimulated with 10~(-6) mol/L Ang Ⅱ to induce cell senescence,which were divided into 4groups,the blank control group,the Ang Ⅱ model group,the extracts group and the telmisartan group.The(J-gal was used to identify senescence of cells,the cell counting kit-8 method was applied to assess the cell viability,the cell function was examined with the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) and the flow cytometry was used for analyzing the cell cycle changes.Results:Compared with the control cells,the cells positive for β-gal staining was significantly increased in the Ang Ⅱ model group,and showed cell cycle arrest at G_0/G_1 phase with decreased S and G_2/M phase ceil percentage,eNOS expression and cell viability(P0.05).The extracts and telmisartan treatment of Ang II-induced cells resulted in decreased β-gal positive cells with a reduction in G_0/G_1phase cells and an increasing in S,G_2/M phase ceils and eNOS expression(P0.05).At 24 h,the extracts were more effective than telmisartan(P0.05);while telmisartan was more effective at 48 h(P0.05).Conclusion:Extracts from ginseng,notoginseng and chuanxiong can delay Ang II-induced aging of HUVECs and may play an important role in early senescence.     

The role of constituency groups in policy formulation

The Veterans Administration medical care system functions within a larger VA services program that has as its direct constituency many organized veterans' groups The VA system is viewed from the larger perspective of consumer representation in its direction through three effective functions of consumer representation: ownership, control, and oversight. In the VA the Congress and the veterans' groups perform these functions with varying levels of impact on the system. While veterans feel a measure of ownership of the medical care system, they have little voice in its actual operation. Research is needed to describe more fully the actual role of the veteran-client in the system and to explore the possibility that aspects of the system may be adopted outside.     

Mental health services research issues in the Veterans Administration

In 1975 the Veterans Administration treated 351,000 veterans in psychiatric inpatient services and had 2.7 million psychiatric outpatient visits and 10% of all psychiatric beds in the United States. The VA has led the nation in a shift toward outpatient treatment of psychiatric disorders. The VA patient population differs from the rest of the country in that VA psychiatric patients have a higher incidence of psychoses and organic brain syndrome as well as being older, being predominantly male, and having a higher rate of chronic disorders. Mental health services research directed toward the VA medical care system falls into two major categories: utilization and patterns of care, and quality and effectiveness of care. Several possible avenues of research are offered in each of these two major areas.     

Market model addresses hospitals' need for decision support

A Decision Support System should be approached, not as “starting over,” but as a natural extension of the design and development of a hospital's current HIS. Integrated, real-time HISs generate reams of information that, when combined with relevant external data, provide the essential information base for a hospital DDS. The Travenol Market Model is discussed as an example of a DSS specific to hospital needs.     

The locus of control: It’s significance in the irritable bowel syndrome

PSYCHOLOGICAL factors have a role in Irritable Bowel Syndrome symptomatology. The locus of control test determines an individual’s degree of internality or externality. The degree of internality or externality does not influence the site of major Irritable Bowel Syndrome symptomatology. Externalizers have a worse prognosis than internalizers. This effect on prognosis should be borne in mind when testing for diet and or drug efficacy.     

Is Z-Plasty closure reasonable in pilonidal disease?

A PROSPECTIVE, randomised, controlled trial of radical excision of pilonidal disease with primary closure versus Z-plasty closure was carried out. The operator was a general surgeon, and no case was excluded because of infection. Twenty patients were operated upon of which twelve had abscesses. The results of surgery were compared and finally reviewed by an independent plastic surgeon after six months. No patient who was operated on during an infective episode developed a wound infection. Eleven patients had a Z-plasty closure and one recurred. Nine patients had a simple closure and two recurred.