Renal responses to magnesium lithospermate B in rats with adenine-induced renal failure

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of magnesium lithospermate B on the uraemic symptoms and development of hypertension in rats with adenine-induced renal failure. Chronic administration of 10 mg/kg body weight/day magnesium lithospermate B significantly reduced serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, methylguanidine, guanidinosuccinic acid and inorganic phosphate, accompanied by increased urinary excretion of urea, creatinine and electrolytes. In addition, renal tissue blood flow was significantly increased and mean blood pressure significantly decreased in the magnesium lithospermate B-treated group compared with the control group. These results confirm that chronic administration of magnesium lithospermate B to rats with adenine-induced renal failure ameliorates the uraemic symptoms and development of hypertension by improving renal haemodynamics and electrolyte metabolism.     

Depressor effect of magnesium lithospermate B,a component of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix,in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The effects of magnesium lithospermate B on blood pressure were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures were decreased after magnesium lithospermate B administration, whereas the urinary levels of kallikrein, prostaglandin E₂, sodium and potassium were increased. The mechanisms of the depressor action of magnesium lithospermate B were discussed on the basis of these findings.     

Effects of Dan Shen preparations on blood and urine components in rats with renal failure

Two Dan Shen preparations commercially available in China were given intraperitoneally to rats with renal failure in order to investigate their effects on blood and urine components. In rats given an injection of compound Dan Shen composed of Dan Shen and Jiang Xiang, effects similar to those found after administration of magnesium lithospermate B (the active constituent of Dan Shen) alone were observed. In contrast, in rats given noncompound Dan Shen containing almost no magnesium lithospermate B as revealed by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis, there was a significant decrease only in the blood levels of urea nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus.     

Effects on blood pressure of caffeic acid analogues isolated from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix in rats with adenine-induced renal hypertension

The effects of caffeic acid analogues isolated from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix were examined in rats with adenine-induced renal failure and hypertension. Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures were decreased after magnesium lithospermate B administration. Oral administration of lithospermic acid B also decreased these blood pressure values even though the effects were weaker than those of magnesium lithospermate B. However, rats given lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid or caffeic acid showed no appreciable changes in systolic, mean or diastolic blood pressure throughout the experimental period. Urinary excretion of both kallikrein and sodium was increased significantly in rats given magnesium lithospermate B or lithospermic acid B. These results indicate that the action of these compounds shows a structure-specific pattern.     

Effect of magnesium lithospermate B on urinary prostaglandins in rats with renal failure

Urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 showed a significant increase following administration of magnesium lithospermate B [1] in rats with renal failure. In contrast, that of thromboxane B2 showed a significant decrease, indicating the improvement of renal failure.     

刺络放血联合艾灸对肾功能衰竭大鼠肾功能影响的实验研究

[目的]观察刺络放血联合艾灸对实验性慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠肾功能的影响。[方法]将54只大鼠随机分为3组:正常组、模型组、刺络放血联合艾灸治疗组(简称刺灸组)。采用腺嘌呤溶液灌胃复制慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠模型,刺灸组自造模之日起予刺络放血联合艾灸治疗21d,余动物不予任何治疗措施。以肌酐、尿素氮和肾组织的病理学变化为观察指标。[结果]21d后,模型组大鼠存活率45.5%,刺灸组大鼠存活率81.8%。模型组大鼠肌酐、尿素氮较正常组均明显上升,具有显著性差异(P0.01),刺灸组尿素氮较模型组有下降趋势,肌酐较模型组下降,具有差异(P0.01)光镜下肾脏组织病理提示模型组肾小管明显扩张,肾间质大量炎细胞浸润、肾间质纤维化,肾小管和间质可见黄褐色腺嘌呤结晶。刺灸组亦出现上述病变,病变程度较模型组轻。[结论]刺络放血联合艾灸具有减轻腺嘌呤致慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠肾功能损害和肾脏组织损伤作用的趋势。     

Antioxidant properties of magnesium lithospermate B contribute to the cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro

Objective

To determine the cardioprotective effect of magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and to investigate the antioxidant potential in vivo and in vitro.

Methods

MI/R injury was induced by the occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 3 h in rats. After reperfusion, hearts were harvested to assess infarct size, histopathological damages, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin (cTnI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Furthermore, simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) injury in vitro was established by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) for 2 h followed by 24-hour recovery period in cardiomyocytes. The activity of LDH in the cultured supernatant and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), SOD and MDA in cardiomyocytes were also measured. Finally, cardiomyocytes apoptosis was determined with flow cytometry.

Results

MLB significantly limited infarct size, ameliorated histopathological damages and prevented leakage of CK-MB, cTnI and LDH. Additionally, SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH activities were notably increased by MLB, along with the MDA content decreased as compared with the model group in rats. In vitro study, MLB also decreased LDH activity in the cultured supernatant, increased SOD activity in cardiomyocytes, reduced intracellular ROS and MDA levels, and significantly suppressed cardiomyocytes apoptosis.

Conclusion

MLB possessed remarkably cardioprotective effects on MI/R injury in vivo and in vitro. The protection of MLB may contribute to its antioxidant properties.     

刺灸对腺嘌呤致慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠肾功能影响的研究

[目的]观察刺血和艾灸疗法对慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠肾功能的影响.[方法]采用腺嘌呤溶液灌胃的方法复制大鼠慢性肾功能衰竭模型,以大鼠一般情况、肌酐、尿素氮和肾组织病理为观察指标.[结果]治疗28 d后,刺血组、艾灸组、刺+灸组大鼠肌酐、尿素氮均明显下降,较治疗前有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),而刺血组、艾灸组、刺+灸组较模型组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但刺+灸组肌酐和尿素氮均数值下降最多.光镜下肾脏组织病理提示刺+灸组能减轻肾小管一肾间质损害,修复肾脏组织,改善病理状态.[结论]刺+灸组对腺嘌呤致慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠有改善肾功能和修复损伤肾脏组织的作用趋势.     

静滴硝普钠对心衰患者血压的影响

目的　探讨静滴硝普钠治疗慢性心衰患者时血压下降幅度与滴速的关系。方法选择应用同样浓度、剂量硝普钠静滴治疗的慢性心衰患者 41例 ,在静滴过程中 ,每 1 5min由专人为患者测血压 1次 ,据血压下降幅度和患者症状随时调整滴速 ,保持血压平均下降 (1 .1 5±0 .0 2 )kPa。结果　患者对该药的耐受力有明显个体差异 ,持续静滴时间和患者体位的变化对滴速有影响。41例中 ,需要滴速 5滴 /min以下的 2例、6～ 1 0滴 /min的 2 9例、1 1～ 1 5滴 /min的7例、1 6滴 /min以上的 3例。结论　在静滴硝普钠治疗慢性心衰患者的过程中 ,应严密观察血压 ,及时调整滴速 ,才能确保持续用药的安全性和有效性     

慢性肾衰竭血虚机制浅析

贫血是慢性肾衰竭 (CRF)的主要临床表现 ,中医可辨证为气血虚证、血虚证。本文就 CRF的血虚机制进行阐述 :脾虚血虚、肾虚血虚、血瘀血虚及现代医学认识 ,并提出治疗方法     

Magnesium Lithospermate B from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Ameliorates Aging‐Induced Renal Inflammation and Senescence via NADPH Oxidase‐Mediated Reactive Oxygen Generation

The present study was conducted to examine whether magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) extracted from Salviae miltiorrhizae radix was renoprotective in pathways related to age‐related oxidative stress in aged rats. Magnesium lithospermate B was orally administered at a dose of 2‐ or 8‐mg/kg body weight for 16 consecutive days, and the effects were compared with those of vehicle in old and young rats. Magnesium lithospermate B administration to old rats ameliorated renal oxidative stress through reduction of reactive oxygen species. The old rats exhibited a dysregulation of the expression of proteins related to oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys, and MLB administration significantly reduced the protein expression of major subunits of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox4 and p22^phox), phospho‐p38, nuclear factor‐kappa B p65, cyclooxygenase‐2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. In addition, MLB‐treated old rats showed lower levels of senescence‐related proteins such as p16, ADP‐ribosylation factor 6, p53, and p21 through effects on the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway. Magnesium lithospermate B administration also significantly attenuated the age‐related increase in serum urea nitrogen, reflecting renal dysfunction, up‐regulated podocyte structural proteins, and reduced renal structural injury. Our results provide important evidence that MLB reduces the renal damage of oxidative stress in old rats. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

肾康冲剂对实验性慢性肾衰大鼠的作用

采用喂饲腺嘌呤复制大鼠慢性肾衰 (CRF)模型 ,观察了肾康冲剂对CRF大鼠肾功能、血脂及细胞免疫功能的作用。结果表明 ,肾康冲剂能明显降低CRF大鼠血尿素氮、肌酐 ,纠正脂蛋白代谢紊乱 ,提高T细胞及红细胞免疫功能 ,明显减轻肾脏的病理损害。表明肾衰冲剂对CRF大鼠病情进展有明显的防治作用     

肾衰系列方治疗慢性肾功能衰竭48例疗效观察

[目的] 观察肾衰系列方治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效。[方法] 96例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各48例, 两组均采用西药对症治疗, 观察组再以肾衰系列方辨证治疗, 观察6个月, 统计患者的临床症状、体征及实验室指标的变化。[结果] 观察组总有效率为83.33%, 对照组总有效率为47.92%, 两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).[结论] 长期应用肾衰系列方能明显改善慢性肾功能衰竭患者的临床症状、理化指标, 临床疗效显着。     

硫酸化茯苓多糖对大鼠慢性肾功能竭衰的防治作用

 目的观察硫酸化茯苓多糖(SP)对腺嘌呤致大鼠慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)的影响。方法通过ig腺嘌呤250mg·kg^-1·d^-1,连续21d,使大鼠产生类似于人的CRF症状。造模第5天开始,ig SP 450mg·kg^-1·d^-1。治疗30d后,代谢笼收集12h尿液,测定大鼠尿肌酐、尿蛋白含量;眼眶后静脉丛采血,测定血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血清总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量。取肾脏作病理学检查。结果与模型组比较,用药30d后,SP组尿量、尿肌酐排出显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01),尿蛋白排出则明显减少(P<0.01)。血清Scr和BUN水平有明显的降低(P<0.01,P<0.01),TP和ALB明显增加(P<0.01,P<0.01),总蛋白水平已接近正常水平。肾脏系数明显下降(P<0.01)。肾小球、近曲小管数目增加,远曲小管扩张程度明显减轻。结论SP对大鼠CRF有明显防治作用。     

丹酚酸B对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的研究丹酚酸B对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,并探讨可能的作用机制。方法通过夹闭双侧肾动脉50 min后再灌注,建立大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤模型,腹腔给药,观察各指标的变化。结果与模型组相比,丹酚酸B能显著降低血清中肌肝、尿素氮、丙二醛、白介素-6、白介素-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α以及尿液中尿蛋白的量,增强血清中超氧化物歧化酶的活性,并且对肾缺血再灌注后肾小球和肾小管的损伤有明显的保护作用。结论丹酚酸B对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤具有较好的保护作用,这种保护作用可能是通过减轻氧自由基损伤以及缓解炎症反应来实现的。     

丹参多酚酸B对高脂血症兔内皮功能的改善作用

目的研究丹参多酚酸 B(镁盐)对高脂血症兔受损的内皮结构以及内皮依赖性舒张功能的改善作用。方法选用新西兰纯种雄兔,随机分为正常组、高脂组及治疗组,通过血管多普勒的方法测定兔髂总动脉内血流平均峰值速度(APV)的变化以评价内皮依赖性血管舒张功能;取胸主动脉标本分别送电镜、光镜检查以观察各组动物内皮细胞的形态学特征。结果形态学检查显示丹参多酚酸 B(镁盐)可减轻高脂血症所致的血管壁结构的损害;血管多普勒检测显示注射乙酰胆碱后正常组、高脂组、治疗组的 APV 比值分别为1.10±0.20、1.65土0.69、1.15±0.37,治疗组与高脂组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05),表明丹参多酚酸 B(镁盐)可改善异常的内皮依赖性舒张功能。结论丹参多酚酸 B(镁盐)可改善高脂血症所致的内皮结构以及内皮依赖性舒张功能的异常。     

肾衰灌肠方治疗慢性肾功能衰竭

目的观察扬州市中医院肾脏科制剂肾衰灌肠方治疗慢性肾功能衰竭早、中期的临床疗效。方法将40例肾虚湿浊型慢性肾衰患者随机分为治疗组20例和对照组20例。2组均给予合理蛋白质饮食、纠正贫血、口服金水宝和开同等基础治疗。治疗组每天加用肾衰灌肠方保留灌肠1 h。2组均以10 d为1疗程,共治疗2个疗程,对比分析其临床疗效。结果治疗后2组均能够改善患者的临床症状和肾功能指标,而且治疗组优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肾衰灌肠方通过渗透、吸附等作用,清除血液中肌苷、尿素氮等代谢废物,并将中药的有效成分吸入血液中,从而有效地保护和改善残余肾单位,延缓和稳定慢性肾功能衰竭早、中期的进展。     

芪蛭肾安丸对5/6肾切除肾衰大鼠的肾保护作用

目的观察芪蛭肾安丸对5/6肾切除肾衰大鼠的肾保护作用。方法 SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、芪蛭肾安丸(1.0 g/kg)组、芪蛭肾安丸(2.0 g/kg)组、芪蛭肾安丸(4.0 g/kg)组和尿毒清颗粒组,每组8只。5/6肾切除建立慢性肾衰竭(CRF)大鼠模型,给药组大鼠连续用药6周后,检测血脂,肾功能及尿量、蛋白尿的变化。结果与模型对照组比较,芪蛭肾安丸(1.0 g/kg、2.0 g/kg、4.0 g/kg组大鼠尿量明显增加(P<0.05),蛋白尿、BUN、Cr、TC、TG均明显减低(P<0.01)。结论芪蛭肾安丸对模型大鼠肾脏具有保护作用,它可能是通过调节脂代谢、降低蛋白尿而实现的。     

果糖二磷酸钠镁对大鼠心肌梗死的保护作用

目的 探讨果糖二磷酸钠镁对急性心肌梗死的保护作用及其作用机制。方法 用冠状动脉结扎法制备大鼠急性心肌梗死模型，观察果糖二磷酸钠镁对其心电图、心肌梗死范围以及血清和心肌组织中酶活性的影响。结果 果糖二磷酸钠镁能剂量依赖性地降低模型大鼠心电图抬高的J点及血清肌酸激酶（CK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性；减少心肌梗死范围；提高心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，同时降低丙二醛（MDA）含量。结论 果糖二磷酸钠镁对急性心肌梗死具有保护作用，其保护作用机制与抗氧自由基作用有关。     

大蒜素对慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠炎症反应及肾脏组织纤维化的影响

[目的]观察大蒜素对慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)大鼠炎症反应和肾脏组织纤维化的影响,探讨大蒜素对CRF大鼠的保护作用机制。[方法]采用腺嘌呤溶液250 mg/(kg·d)灌胃21 d的方法建立CRF动物模型,设模型组,大蒜素5、10、20 mg/(kg·d)组,每组20只,另设正常对照组20只,疗程28 d。测定血清肾功能指标,测定肾脏质量并计算肾脏指数,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察肾脏组织病理变化并进行病变评分。酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定血清炎症因子含量水平,测定血清中及肾脏组织中纤维化指标。[结果]大蒜素10、20 mg/(kg·d)组能够显著降低CRF大鼠血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、尿酸(UA)含量和尿蛋白(Pro),降低肾脏质量及肾脏指数,明显改善肾脏组织病变、降低肾脏组织病变评分;降低CRF大鼠血清炎症因子C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量且20 mg/(kg·d)组降低白介素-6(IL-6)含量,降低血浆层黏连蛋白(LN)、PC-Ⅲ、C-Ⅳ并提高血浆纤维连接蛋白(FN),下调I型胶原(Col I)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1(PAI-1)表达并上调基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1);上述差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。[结论]大蒜素可能通过抑制炎症反应和肾脏组织纤维化而对CRF大鼠起到一定的保护作用。