维思通合并BDZs对精神分裂症急性期兴奋与激越的疗效观察

目的 观察维思通合并BDZs治疗精神分裂症急性期兴奋、激越的疗效和药物副反应。方法 选取62例精神分裂症急性期伴有兴奋、激越的的病人随机分为观察组(维思通合并BDZs治疗)和对照组(氟哌啶醇或氯丙嗪治疗),在治疗前、治疗后的第3、6和12天用兴奋激越量表(自编)评定疗效和TESS评定药物副反应。结果 两组治疗后第3、6、12天的兴奋激越量表评分均显著低于前一次评分,差异有显著性。但两组间比较无显著差异。TESS在行为毒性、神经系、植物神经系和心血管方面,观察组显著少于对照组,差异有显著性。结论 维思通合并BDZs能快速控制精神分裂症急性期的兴奋、激越,且药物副反应少,耐受性更好,依从性高,有利于全病程治疗。     

超声心动图对扩张型心肌病左室收缩功能的研究

应用二维超声心动图对50例不同心功能级别的扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者左室收缩功能进行检测,并与40例健康查体者对照,结果:DCM全组及各组EF、FS均明显下降,其中心功能Ⅲ、Ⅳ级组相差非常显著;心功能Ⅱ级组SV、CO、CI略增高;Ⅲ级组SV下降,CO、CI正常;Ⅳ级组SV、CO、CI均下降明显,相差显著。提示:DCM心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ级时心肌收缩力下降,但心脏代偿功能好,心排量正常;Ⅳ级时心肌纤维收缩无力,心排严重不足,处于失代偿状态。     

应用多重聚合酶链反应和Bactec 460 TB 系统检测结核杆菌比较

合成两对引物,建立了结核杆菌DNA多重PCR,检测分枝杆菌标准菌株,仅人型和牛型结核杆菌呈阳性,灵敏度≥7个结核杆菌呈阳性。与Bactec 460TB系统快速培养法对照检测40例肺结核病人痰,多重PCR法27例阳性,Bactec法19例阳性,(P<0.05)。有4例Bactec法呈阳性,一对引物PCR法呈阴性,而多重PCR法呈阳性。有8例Bactec法呈阴性,而多重PCR法呈阳性。多重PCR法48小时得到结果,比Bactec法快14天。     

社区精神分裂症伴发抑郁症状的特征及影响因素分析

目的了解社分裂区精神症患者伴发抑郁症状的特征及相关因素。方法对符合CCMD-3诊断标准的社区精神分裂症患者120例进行HAMD、BPRS．SAPS、SANS、LES、TESS等量表的评定及其相关分析。结果抑郁发生率为26．7%,HAMD因子主要是绝望感、阻滞及认知障碍,抑郁症状与LES、BPRS、SAPS呈正相关,与病程呈负相关。结论社区精神分裂症患者抑郁症状同急性期一样常见,抑郁症状的出现与患者的病情和社会心理因素密不可分。     

The effect of testosterone replacement treatment on immunological features of patients with Klinefelter's syndrome

Although the effects of androgen deficiency in the immune system have long been appreciated, little is known about the immunological features of patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS). On the other hand, interest in androgens as a possible treatment for some autoimmune diseases is growing. In the present study, some immunological parameters were evaluated in 26 patients with KS prior to androgen replacement treatment (ART) and the results were compared with those in 19 healthy control subjects. Patients were then treated with testosterone for 6 months and the pre- and post-treatment findings were compared. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3c and C4 were measured by nephelometry and lymphocyte subsets and CD4+/CD8+ ratios were examined by flow cytometry. IL-2 and IL-4 levels were measured by ELISA. Pretreatment levels of the serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-2 and IL-4 of the patients were higher than those of the controls and were all decreased significantly following ART. The pretreatment absolute numbers and percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD19+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratios of patients with KS were higher than those of the controls and were all decreased with ART. Percentages of CD8+ cells were increased significantly, while C3 and C4 levels were both significantly decreased after ART. It is concluded that the lack of testosterone in patients with KS enhances cellular and humoral immunity and that ART may suppress this.     

Peanut lectin: A histochemical marker for phaeochromocytomas

Summary Fifty-five neuroendocrine tumours and 6 adrenocortical tumours were examined immunohistochemically for the expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin and synaptophysin. The results were compared with the staining patterns obtained with peanut lectin (PNA) using a streptavidin-biotin staining technique. In separate experiments, sections were preincubated with neuraminidase for the demonstration of masked PNA binding sites. Two of the 24 phaeochromocytomas, 1 of the 6 medullary carcinomas of the thyroid gland, 5 out of the 7 islet cell tumours of the pancreas and all 4 extra-adrenal paragangliomas were negative with PNA. When the sections were first incubated with neuraminidase all these tumours were positive with PNA. Six adrenocortical tumours and 7 neuroblastomas were examined and found to be negative with PNA with or without neuraminidase pre-treatment. Seven carcinoid tumours were examined and found to be positive with PNA only in tubular areas and negative in solid areas; pre-treatment with neuraminidase did not alter the staining pattern. Immunoreactivity for NSE was absent in only 1 of the neuroendocrine tumours. A higher proportion of neuroendocrine tumours was positive with anti-chromogranin than with anti-synaptophysin.     

2009年夏季174例手足口病患儿病原分析

目的分析本院2009年夏季手足口病患儿病原及其血清型特征,为临床早期诊断和疾病防控提供实验依据。方法2009年4—9月,首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院门诊就诊的174例手足口病患儿咽拭子和疱疹液,实时荧光RT—PCR方法检测肠道病毒通用型（EV）、柯萨奇A16型（CA16）、肠道病毒71型（EV71）。131例患儿双份血清,同时检测CA16、EV71IgM抗体。CA16和EV71阳性标本扩增VP1区基因片段后测序,进行同源性和系统进化分析。结果（1）EV、CA16、EV71阳性例数分别为167、112、46;阳性率为96．O％、64．4％、26．4％,CA16：EV71为2．43：1。（2）首诊血清CA16和EV71IgM阳性例数为51、25,阳性率为38．9％、19．1％,复诊阳性例数为98、32,阳性率为74．8％、24．4％。（3）CA16VP1区核苷酸同源性为88．7％-98．5％,EV71VP1区核苷酸同源性为94．9％-99．7％,与c4亚型参比序列核苷酸同源性92．1％～95．3％。结论2009年夏季本院手足口病患儿病原以CA16、EV71为主,EV71阳性率较之前报道有较大幅度升高。EV71病毒株以c4亚型为主。实时RT-PCR法较血清学检测特异性IgM抗体更适于疾病早期诊断。     

CD40在系统性红斑狼疮外周血淋巴细胞的表达

使用密度离心法分离SLE患者和正常人外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC ) ,采用流式细胞术检测B淋巴细胞白细胞分化抗原 4 0 (CD4 0 )的表达水平 ,进行SLE患者 (活动期和缓解期 )和正常人之间的比较 ;并进行B淋巴细胞CD4 0表达水平和血清抗dsDNA抗体水平及狼疮活动指数 (SLEDAI)的相关分析。结果表明 ,活动期SLE患者外周血B淋巴细胞比例 (% )和其表达CD4 0的比例 (% )均明显高于缓解期SLE患者和对照组 ,其表达CD4 0的平均荧光强度 (MFI)在活动期SLE患者最高 ,缓解期SLE患者稍低 ,对照组最低 ;相关分析结果表明 ,活动期SLE患者B淋巴细胞CD4 0的表达比例 (% )和强度 (MFI)均与血清抗dsDNA抗体及SLEDAI呈正相关 ,后两者呈高度相关 ;缓解期SLE患者B淋巴细胞表达CD4 0的强度 (MFI)和SLEDAI呈正相关。CD4 0在活动期SLE患者B淋巴细胞的表达增加 ,其水平与疾病活动度有关。     

老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折的优化治疗方案

背景：目前国内外学者对于老年性髋部骨折越来趋向于积极的手术治疗。手术治疗首先要根据不同骨折部位、骨折类型、不同年龄和是否合并有内科基础疾病从而选择不同的固定方式,对于老年性髋部骨折治疗的成败起到非常重要的作用。 目的：探讨老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折的优化治疗方案。 方法：2000年1月至2012年1月根据具体情况采用不同方法治疗老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折176例,年龄(76.7±6.3)岁。股骨转子间骨折84例,其中保守治疗7例,动力髋螺钉内固定34例,空心加压螺钉固定18例,解剖钢板内固定7例,人工股骨头置换12例,人工全髋关节置换6例。股骨颈骨折92例,其中双极人工股骨头置换40例,人工全髋关节置换37例,空心加压螺钉固定15例。不同治疗方法的治疗效果按Harris髋关节功能评分标准评定,并观察患者并发症发生情况。 结果与结论：股骨转子间骨折76例,股骨颈骨折85例获随访,随访时间8-26个月。内固定治疗的平均愈合时间为(5.7±1.3)个月。3例发生治疗后感染,1例治疗后10 d并发心肺功能衰竭死亡。不同治疗方法的并发症包括股骨头切割、围术期骨折,内固定或假体松动、术后骨折、股骨头缺血坏死、髋内翻、下肢短缩、骨折延期愈合及对髋再骨折等。双极人工股骨头置换与人工全髋关节置换患者的并发症发生率显著低于保守治疗、空心加压螺钉、解剖钢板及动力髋螺钉置入内固定患者(P < 0.05)。双极人工股骨头置换与人工全髋关节置换患者的Harris评分优良率显著高于保守治疗、空心加压螺钉、解剖钢板及动力髋螺钉置入内固定患者(P < 0.05)。而保守治疗、空心加压螺钉、解剖钢板及动力髋螺钉置入内固定患者相互之间的并发症发生率、Harris评分优良率比较,双极人工股骨头置换与人工全髋关节置换患者的并发症发生率、Harris评分优良率比较,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),提示老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折需要积极的综合治疗,对于高龄股骨颈骨折患者最好采用双极人工股骨头置换或人工全髋关节置换治疗为宜。     

结肠传输试验在慢性功能性便秘分型诊断及治疗中的应用

目的 探讨结肠传输试验在慢性功能性便秘的分型诊断及治疗中的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析2017年6月—2018年9月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院65例慢性功能性便秘患者的临床资料。其中男17例、女48例,年龄14~83(49.8±16.2)岁。患者在正常饮食情况下口服胃肠动力标记物胶囊一枚,于48 h后拍摄腹部立位平片,观察钡环标记物在分段结肠的分布情况,进而明确慢性功能性便秘的分型诊断,并根据分型指导患者治疗。出口梗阻型患者明确有直肠前突及内脱垂者给予吻合器痔上粘膜环形切除钉合术;慢传输型患者给予药物治疗;混合型及正常传输型便秘患者排便训练联合药物治疗。治疗4周后,观察患者的大便性状的Bristol分级、大便频率、排便困难程度评分,评价疗效。结果 65例患者中,慢传输型32例,出口梗阻型13例,混合型2例,结肠传输功能正常者18例。治疗4周后,失访7例。随访58例中,28例慢传输型患者、7例出口梗阻型患者、2例混合型患者及16例正常传输型患者的排便次数、大便性状及排便困难程度均较前改善,治疗有效;另5例无效。结论 结肠传输试验对慢性功能性便秘的分型诊断及治疗具有重要的价值,可为该疾病的临床规范化诊疗方案的制订提供参考。     

耄耋老年人顽固性创面的治疗策略

目的探讨耄耋老年人顽固性创面的治疗策略。 方法回顾2014年1月至2017年4月火箭军总医院烧伤科收治的56例耄耋老年人顽固性创面患者的治疗过程,总结出此类患者的临床特点,提出治疗策略。 结果56例耄耋老年人顽固性创面患者,按照总结的治疗策略,接受手术治疗15例,治愈33例,好转19例,死亡4例,家属对治疗结果均满意。 结论耄耋老年人顽固性创面有其独特的特点,在收治标准、治疗计划的制定、手术方式的选择及护理等方面都要采用不同的策略才能达到满意的治疗结果。     

Mercurochrome allergy. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity

We describe eight patients suffering from Mercurochrome allergy. Patch and prick tests were carried out with the following organic and inorganic mercury compounds: thimerosal, Mercurochrome, phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric nitrate, metallic mercury, and mercuric chloride, and with sodium fluorescein. Two patients had an anaphylactic reaction a few minutes after application of Mercurochrome. The prick tests with Mercurochrome were positive and they were negative with the other tested products. All patch tests were negative. In the other six patients, the clinical picture was local eczema, and the patch tests were all positive with Mercurochrome and the inorganic mercuric derivatives. Positive patch tests with thimerosal were found only in two patients, and only one had a positive patch test with salts of phenylmercury. In four patients, the prick test with Mercurochrome, negative in immediate reading, gave a late eczematous reaction.     

HIV-1基因限制性显示片段的制备（英文）

目的　快速分离HIV 1基因片段制备DNA芯片探针。　方法　以Sau3AⅠ酶切HIV基因后 ,将得到的限制性酶切片段两端接上接头。根据酶切位点与接头的序列设计通用引物。在该通用引物的 3’端分别延伸 1个碱基后 ,通过引物间的两两组合 ,将PCR反应分成 10个亚组。纯化各组PCR产物 ,克隆到T载体上。挑取白色菌斑进行快速鉴定后扩大培养阳性克隆、提质粒。以质粒为模板扩增靶片段并测序。　结果　每个亚型得到了十几个 10 0～ 10 0 0bp的HIV基因片段。　结论　限制性显示技术是一种有效的快速分离制备基因片段的方法。     

451例孕早期绒毛染色体结果分析

目的评价绒毛细胞染色体核型分析在孕早期产前诊断中的应用价值。方法对有产前诊断指征的孕妇在B超引导下经腹绒毛穿刺取绒毛组织行细胞培养、染色体制备及核型分析。结果成功培养绒毛细胞451例,培养成功率为97.41%,共发现胎儿染色体核型异常136例,异常检出率为30.16%。136例异常核型中染色体数目异常79例（58.09%）,其中包括常染色体三体型55例,性染色体数目异常23例,三倍体1例。检出染色体结构异常11例,嵌合体16例,染色体多态性30例。超声筛查胎儿异常及夫妇染色体结构异常携带这两个指征检出胎儿染色体异常率最高。结论孕早期绒毛细胞染色体检查结合孕早期超声筛查及血清学筛查能及早发现胎儿染色体异常并早期干预,对于减少染色体畸形儿的出生具有重要的意义。     

Isolation of enterococcal antigen-encoding genes from genomic libraries

We have devised a procedure using immune sera to identify antigen-encoding genes of strains of Enterococcus faecalis. First, genomic cosmid libraries containing large inserts were constructed and screened with sera from patients with enterococcal infectious endocarditis and with serum from a rabbit immunized with surface proteins of an enterococcal endocarditis isolate. Immunopositive cosmid clones were analyzed by restriction enzyme digestions and clones containing distinct inserts were chosen for subcloning. Sublibraries were screened with one of the five sera, and immunopositive subclones were subjected to DNA sequencing. BLASTX and BLASTN at NCBI were used to search for database similarities.     

胎儿肠梗阻的产前诊断和临床预后

目的探讨胎儿肠梗阻产前诊断的临床意义.方法本文应用超声产前诊断89例胎儿肠梗阻患者,向其交代可能的预后,如患者选择引产放弃胎儿,则对患儿尸体进行解剖验证;如选择继续妊娠患者,定期随访,严密监测,必要时行新生儿腹部X线平片拍摄和钡灌肠造影,检查是否存在梗阻部位和梗阻类型,诊断明确后行手术或保守治疗.分娩后取胎儿脐带血进行胎儿染色体分析.结果 1.89例产前发现胎儿肠梗阻患者,产后证实为消化系统畸形66例(74.16%),伴羊水增多47例.具体表现为:十二指肠病变为17例,16例合并羊水增多(94.12%);小肠病变41例,30例合并羊水增多 (73.17%);大肠病变8例,1例并发羊水增多 (12.5%).2.23例 (25.84%) 新生儿未发现异常表现.3.6例为多发畸形(9.09%),5例合并染色体异常(9.26%).结论产前诊断胎儿肠梗阻,并给予严密监护和正确的临床管理,对优生优育及出生后早期、及时治疗具有重要临床指导意义.     

奥氮平辅助治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效及安全性

目的探讨奥氮平辅助治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法34例难治性抑郁症患者在原抗抑郁剂盐酸帕罗西汀治疗的基础上合用奥氮平。观察时间8周,于治疗前及治疗后1、2、4、8周末采用汉米尔顿抑郁量表、临床总体印象量表-严重程度量表评定疗效,采用副反应量表评定药物不良反应。结果自治疗2周末始,汉米尔顿抑郁量表、临床总体印象量表-严重程度量表评分比治疗前均有减少,差异有显著性。治疗8周末痊愈率12.90%,有效率51.61%,无效率35.49%,不良反应较轻。结论奥氮平辅助治疗难治性抑郁症有效安全。     

Enrichment (and depletion) of human suppressor cells with monoclonal antibodies and immunoglobulin-coated plates

A cell separation method using immunoglobulin (Ig)-coated plates, originally devised for murine spleen cells, was modified and adapted for enrichment (and depletion) of cellular subpopulations from human peripheral blood. For the direct separation of B and T cells, F(ab')2 fragments of anti-human Ig were used to coat the plates. For indirect separation, the cells were first incubated with monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens and then separated in plates coated with anti-mouse Ig. Plates were first coated with poly-L-lysine to facilitate the adherence of anti-Ig antibodies, and finally with bovine serum albumin to mask free poly-L-lysine. Cells which did not react with the anti-Ig antibodies or which were nonadherent to the plate were pipetted off; cells which reacted with the anti-Ig antibodies or which were adherent were eluted after incubation with excess serum. T, non-T, T4+, T4-, T8+, and T8- lymphocytes were separated with high viability, purity, and yield. The method was used to study suppressor activity of a patient who was treated by bone marrow transplantation for myelofibrosis. Strong suppressor activity was associated with unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes, monocytes, T, T8+, and T4- cells but not with B, T8-, and T4+ cells.     

Clinical variables associated with the isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae expressing different extended-spectrum β-lactamases

Clinical variables associated with the isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae expressing different extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were studied. Clinical records of patients with ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae isolates between 1989 and 2003 (n = 80) were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with SHV- and TEM-type ESBLs were identified more frequently in the intensive care units (67% and 78%, respectively), whereas those with CTX-M ESBLs were found in medical wards (52.2%) or were outpatients (17.4%) (p <0.01). The absence of urinary or central catheters was associated with CTX-M-10 (p 0.013 and p <0.01, respectively). Central catheter-related infections and secondary bacteraemia were associated more frequently with SHV- and TEM-type ESBLs, whereas urinary tract infections were associated with CTX-M-10. Previous aminoglycoside use was associated particularly with SHV-type ESBLs (p <0.01), whereas amoxycillin-clavulanate and oral cephalosporins were associated with CTX-M-10 (p <0.01 and p 0.050, respectively). The frequency of adequate empirical treatment was low (22%), and 61% of patients were treated according to the susceptibility testing results. Mortality (22%) and related mortality (14%) did not differ statistically according to the type of ESBL. Different ESBL types in K. pneumoniae were associated with different clinical variables, and this should be taken into account in current and future epidemiological scenarios.     

TLR在小鼠胸腺中的表达及其在胸腺细胞发育中的可能作用

检测体外培养和体内发育过程中,胎鼠胸腺处于不同发育阶段时Toll样受体(TLR)的表达,阐明TLR表达量与胸腺细胞发育相关性,为TLR和胸腺细胞发育分化相关研究提供基础数据。无菌取15d胎龄胎鼠胸腺进行体外培养(FTOC),在培养不同时间点(2d,4d,6d),检测处于不同发育期胸腺TLR的表达;同时在孕期不同天数(15~19d),分别取胎鼠胸腺,检测在体内发育过程中胸腺TLR的表达;在FTOC中加入二脱氧鸟苷培养6d以制备胸腺基质细胞,检测基质细胞与胸腺细胞TLR表达情况。结果:小鼠胸腺中检测到多种TLR。FTOC培养中:培养第2天(F2)开始检测到各种TLR,到培养第6天(F6),TLR1,TLR3,TLR6,TLR7,TLR8明显上调,而TLR4,TLR5保持低水平,TLR4在培养第6天又下降;体内发育过程中:TLR6表达量随胎龄增加有较明显上调,TLR1,TLR3-8保持低水平表达;TLR2,TLR9体内体外都未检测到明显表达。在对胸腺细胞与基质细胞TLR表达比较中发现TLR1,TLR5,TLR6,TLR7高表达于胸腺细胞。胎鼠胸腺表达某些TLR,并且在发育不同阶段表达量有所改变,提示TLR可能参与胸腺细胞的发育过程。