156例肾虚型与非肾虚型勃起功能障碍患者血液生化指标比较分析

目的:对各型肾虚及非肾虚型勃起功能障碍(ED)患者血液生化指标进行测定,确定各型肾虚的血液生化特点。方法:收集2018年5～7月在男科就诊的156例ED患者的临床资料,根据中医辨证分为肾阳虚组(48例)、肾阴虚组(34例)、肾阴阳两虚组(36例)及非肾虚对照组(38例),检测血液生化指标:睾酮(T),雌二醇(E2),皮质醇(CORT),促甲状腺激素(TSH),游离型甲状腺素(FT4),游离型三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3),一氧化氮(NO),一氧化氮合酶(NOS),诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)。结果:4组患者平均年龄、病程、国际勃起功能问卷-5评分(IIEF-5)、勃起硬度评分(EHS)无显著差异;4组患者CORT、FT3、iNOS水平两两比较显示肾阴虚组CORT水平[(121.78±41.87)μg/L]高于对照组[(87.97±45.59)μg/L,P=0.002],肾阳虚组FT3水平[(5.11±0.54) pmol/L]低于对照组[(5.44±0.38) pmol/L,P=0.008],肾阴虚组iNOS水平[(14.42±2.49) U/ml]高于对照组[(12.71±2.58) U/ml,P=0.039]和肾阳虚组[(13.05±2.17) U/ml,P=0.049],其余各组之间各指标无显著差异。结论:ED患者不同肾虚证型之间存在血液生化指标差异,发现肾虚证型之间的生化差异,有助于探明ED患者中医肾虚证型的生物基础。     

巨噬细胞移动抑制因子与单核细胞趋化蛋白-1在溃疡性结肠炎发病中的作用

目的:探讨巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)、单棱细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)在溃疡性结肠炎发病中的意义.方法:采用ELISA法检潮36倒活动期溃疡性结肠炎(UC)、30例健康体检者血清中MIF、MCP-1含量.结果:UC患者的血清MIF水平(11.402±1.936μg/L)高于正常对照者的血清MIF水平(5.135士1.692μg/L),P<0.05;溃疡性结肠炎重度组的MIF水平高于轻度组(13.647±2.574)μg/Lvs(8.865±1.527)μg/L,P<0.05.活动期uc患者血清MCP -1水平为(227.6±19.4)pg/ml高于对照组(109.2±14.9)pg/ml,P<0.01,溃疡性结肠炎MCP-1量度组的水平高于轻度组(258.1±18,3)pg/mlvs(175.8±16.7)pg/ml,P<0.05.结论:巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)参与溃疡性结肠炎的发病过程,可能是溃病性结肠炎活动的指标.     

肥胖男性青少年性发育特点及其性激素水平分析

目的:探讨肥胖男性青少年性发育特点并对性激素水平进行分析。方法:选择自2010年1月至2012年6月期间到我院泌尿外科因小睾丸、小阴茎就诊的肥胖男性青少年156例为观察组,对照组选择社区健康青少年男性50例,测算两组对象的体重指数(BMI)、阴茎自然长度、睾丸容积并询问有无遗精及首次遗精年龄,采用放射免疫分析法测定血清黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激激素(FSH)、催乳素(PRL)、总睾酮(TT)、游离睾酮(FT)、孕激素(P)和雌二醇(E2)水平,并计算TT/E2、睾酮分泌指数(TSI)。结果:①观察组BMI[(27.1±2.2)kg/m2]显著高于对照组[(20.4±1.6)kg/m2](P<0.05),阴茎自然长度[(5.6±1.7)cm]及睾丸平均容积[(7.6±2.3)cm3]显著小于对照组(P<0.05);两组青少年首次发生遗精年龄未现显著性差异(P>0.05),但观察组遗精发生率较对照组有极显著性下降(χ2=17.335,P<0.05)。②观察组血清LH、FSH、PRL、TT、FT、E2、P分别为(7.82±2.14)mIU/ml、(7.71±1.83)mIU/ml、(8.91±3.52)ng/ml、(0.73±0.20)ng/ml、(5.09±2.60)pg/ml、(48.57±8.34)pg/ml、(1.25±0.58)ng/ml,对照组分别为(5.39±1.76)mIU/ml、(6.82±2.01)mIU/ml、(8.26±2.97)ng/ml、(1.47±0.41)ng/ml、(11.28±4.72)pg/ml、(8.61±4.08)pg/ml、(0.64±0.19)ng/ml,其中观察组LH、E2、P显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05),TT、FT显著低于对照组(P均<0.01)。观察组TT/E2值(0.015±0.004)较对照组(0.173±0.037)显著降低(P<0.01);观察组TSI为(0.098±0.026),显著低于对照组(0.272±0.084,P<0.01)。③相关分析表明,BMI与PRL、E2呈显著正相关,与TT、FT、TT/E2及TSI呈显著负相关(P<0.05);阴茎自然长度与TT、FT、TT/E2及TSI呈显著正相关,与E2呈显著负相关(P<0.05);睾丸平均容积与LH、PRL、E2呈负相关,与TT、FT、TT/E2、TSI呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:肥胖男性青少年存在性发育不良及性激素水平改变,肥胖及脂肪积聚导致E2增高、TT及FT下降、TT/E2、TSI下降尤为明显并与性发育存在显著相关性,提示男性青少年体内的脂肪含量对其生殖系统发育具有重要影响。     

持续性非卧床腹膜透析中蛋白质的丢失

持续性非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)已被广泛应用于慢性维持性透析中,由于腹膜对蛋白质的通透性较纤维素膜大,所以持续性治疗时蛋白质的丟失较间歇性腹膜透析时为多。本文对CAPD的19个病人220次交换中,测定其蛋白质的丢失及临床生化表现。在研究中测定血清尿素氮平均54±1.3mg/dl。血清总蛋白平均6.2±0.04g/dl,血清白蛋白平均3.5±0.5g/dl,生化改变与不卧床持续腹膜透析的时间无显著相关。在220次交换中,其中57％应用1.5％葡     

小剂量日间非卧床腹膜透析对残肾功能较好的糖尿病终末期肾病患者的疗效

目的　研究小剂量日间非卧床腹膜透析（DAPD）和小剂量持续非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）对残肾功能较好的糖尿病终末期肾病（ESRD）患者的疗效。 方法 病情稳定、残肾功能较好（rGFR≥5 ml/min,且尿量≥750 ml/d）的40例糖尿病ESRD患者入选。按数字随机法分为小剂量DAPD组20例和小剂量CAPD组20例。DAPD组透析处方为1.5 L或2 L,3次/d,每次留腹3～4 h,夜间干腹。CAPD组透析处方为1.5～2 Ｌ,3次/d,或1.5 L,4次/d,夜间留腹。在研究开始及6个月后,分别计算两组腹膜尿素氮清除率（Kt/V）、残肾Kt/V、每周总Ｋt/V、Ccr、rGFR等指标;测定24 h尿蛋白量、24 h腹透液蛋白、血清白蛋白、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及胰岛素剂量;用改良主观综合性营养评估法（SGA）评估患者营养状况。 结果 共35例患者完成研究。两组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数、透析龄、透析液肌酐/血肌酐（D/Pcr）等基线值差异无统计学意义。6个月后,CAPD组胰岛素剂量和24 h腹透液丢失蛋白明显高于DAPD组,分别为（33.6±10.9） U/d 比（20.6±6.2） U/d（P < 0.05）和（11.13±4.95） g比（5.66±2.88） g（P < 0.01）,而血清白蛋白明显低于DAPD组[（29.7±4.2） 比（36.5±3.9） g/L,P < 0.05]。DAPD组与CAPD组相比,24 h净超滤量为（554±187） ml比（309±177） ml,24 h尿量为（1090±361） ml比（750±258） ml,rGFR为（8.21±2.40） ml/min比（4.88±2.11） ml/min,DAPD组均显著高于CAPD组（均P < 0.05）。 结论 对于残肾功能较好的糖尿病ESRD患者,小剂量DAPD较小剂量CAPD能更好地控制血糖,改善营养状态及保护残肾功能。     

合并甲状腺功能低下病人的冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 探讨冠心病(CAD)合并甲状腺功能低下(甲低)病人的冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)围术期外科处理的临床效果.方法 2002年9月至2009年6月,1347例CABG中21例(A组)合并甲低需要甲状腺激素替代治疗,男6例,女15例;平均(60.4±14.2)岁.体外循环下手术4例(包括心脏停跳手术1例),非体外循环下CABG 17例.术前均口服左旋甲状腺素,FT3、FT4、TSH、TT3、TT4明显改善后手术.同期对照20例甲状腺功能正常CABG者(B组),其中4例体外循环下CABG.观察两组术前、术中、术后甲状腺功能指标以及近端吻合时血流动力学指标.结果 围术期应用放射免疫法甲状腺激素水平检测,非体外循环下手术者,A组17例FT3术前及术中水平为[(1.39±0.36)pg/ml对(1.29±0.32)pg/ml]、B组16例为[(2.28±0.36)pg/ml对(2.19±0.34)pg/ml];体外循环下手术者,A组4例FT3术前及术中水平为[(1.53±0.51)pg/ml对(0.85±0.40)pg/ml]、B组4例为[(2.08±0.24)pg/ml对(1.96±0.26)pg/ml].A、B两组术中心排指数[(2.7±1.4)L·min-1·m-2对(2.8±1.5)L·min-1·m-2,P=0.53].A组1例重度甲低病人体外循环下心脏停跳手术后因心脏复跳困难死亡,20例生存者均为心脏不停跳方式手术者,其中17例为非体外循环手术,术后随访2～30个月均有心功能改善,射血分数(EF)由术前0.48±0.17增加至术后0.55±0.21.B组均生存.两组间术中血流动力学、手术预后、住院时间[(12.2±4.7)天对(10.1±3.9)天]、呼吸机辅助[(17.6±9.1)h对(15.1±13.7)h],差异无统计学意义.结论 冠心病合并甲低病人,术前准备充分,采用心脏不停跳手术方式较安全,非体外循环下手术对病人FT3激素水平影响较小;围术期甲状腺素治疗是关键;重度甲低病人体外循环下手术风险大.     

降钙素原与白细胞介素-6在腹膜透析相关感染中的临床研究

目的:探讨腹膜透析相关感染患者血清降钙素原(PCT)与白介素-6(IL-6)检测的临床意义。方法:选取我院2015年7月1日～2017年12月31日期间收治的227例次腹膜透析患者,根据是否发生腹膜透析相关性感染,分为感染组(34例)和非感染组(193例),检测其血清降钙素原(PCT)、白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)的水平,并动态观察以上各指标在腹膜透析相关性感染治疗前后的变化。结果:227例次腹膜透析相关性感染患者中,感染组34例次,非感染组193例次,感染组中PCT、IL-6、CRP值分别为(4. 75±6. 09)μg/L、(20. 10±18. 46) pg/ml、(102. 56±82. 63) mg/L,与非感染组比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 01)。感染组患者经治疗后PCT、IL-6、CRP分别为(0. 52±0. 99)μg/L、(17. 37±28. 30)pg/ml、(17. 37±28. 30) mg/L,与治疗前比较均有显著差异(P 0. 01)。结论:PCT、IL-6对腹膜透析相关性感染的诊断及疗效判断具有重要的临床意义。     

干扰素α1b改善慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化的疗效观察

目的：探讨应用干扰素α1b治疗慢性乙型肝炎（乙肝）患者改善其肝纤维化情况的疗效观察。方法：2005年3月-2008年2月期间门诊经病理确诊的慢性乙肝致肝纤维化患者96例,随机分为干扰素治疗组（46例）和对照组（50例）,两组均给予常规中药保肝降酶治疗,干扰素治疗组加用干扰素α1b（商品名运德素）50μg肌肉注射,隔日1次,疗程均为24周。观察两组患者症状、体征,肝功能指标如丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、胆红素（BIL）、白蛋白（A）和白蛋白/球蛋白比例（A/G）,以及肝纤维化指标血清透明质酸（HA）、层黏连蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ前型胶原（PCⅢ）和Ⅳ型胶原（CⅣ）的变化。结果：与对照组比较,干扰素治疗组治疗后腹胀、肝区疼痛、脾肿大、肝肿大等临床症状和体征明显改善（P〈0.05）,ALT[（55.7±20.2）U/Lvs.（133.4±56.3）U/L,P〈0.01]、BIL[（32.9±21.5）μmol/Lvs.（46.7±26.8）μmol/L,P〈0.01]水平下降明显,血清A[（41.8±7.5）g/Lvs.（37.9±7.8）g/L,P〈0.01]和A/G（1.8±0.6vs.1.7±0.3,P〈0.01）显著升高,HA[（101.8±50.2）ng/mlvs.（149.9±54.3）ng/ml,P〈0.01]、LN[（93.3±23.7）ng/mlvs.（122.1±37.4）ng/ml,P〈0.01]、CⅣ[（104.6±23.1）ng/mlvs.（107.3±34.7）ng/ml,P〈0.01]和PCⅢ[（190.7±59.0）ng/mlvs.（260.1±83.5）ng/ml,P〈0.01]等肝纤维化指标也明显下降,干扰素治疗组与对照组比较各检查指标差异均有显著性。结论：应用干扰素α1b治疗慢性乙肝致肝纤维化患者对改善患者临床症状、体征,促进肝功能恢复,改善其肝纤维化有显著疗效。     

112例膜性肾病患者甲状腺功能的临床分析

目的:观察112例原发性膜性肾病患者的甲状腺素水平,探讨肾病综合征对于膜性肾病患者甲状腺功能的影响及其临床意义。方法:回顾性分析我院2008年7月～2011年6月,经肾穿刺明确诊断为原发性膜性肾病的住院患者112例,通过放射免疫法检测其T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH水平。观察肾病综合征和非肾病综合征之间甲状腺素水平的差异,同时设立39例正常人为对照组。结果:112例患者中男68例,女44例,平均年龄58.6岁。肾病综合征组(白蛋白<25g)42例,非肾病综合征组(白蛋白≥25g)70例,对照组39例,三组之间在T3、T4、FT3、FT4上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),TSH则在对照组和肾病综合征组、肾病综合征组和非肾病综合征组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),对照组和非肾病综合征组之间则差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。原发性膜性肾病患者血清白蛋白水平与血清中T3、T4、FT3、FT4呈正比,与TSH呈负相关。原发性膜性肾病患者白蛋白下降水平影响其甲状腺素水平,其中T3、T4、FT3、FT4较TSH更敏感。结论:原发性膜性肾病患者随着血清白蛋白的下降,血清中T3、T4、FT3、FT4呈下降趋势,TSH呈上升趋势,甲状腺素水平与白蛋白下降程度密切相关。因此,检测甲状腺素水平对判断膜性肾病患者病变程度和预后有重要的参考价值。     

血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭患者血浆髓过氧化物酶水平的影响

目的 探讨慢性肾功能衰竭维持性血液透析患者透析前、后血浆髓过氧化物酶水平的变化,分析其可能的原因及意义.方法 收集40例维持性血液透析患者透析前、后血标本各4 ml,其中2 ml置于乙二胺四乙酸抗凝管,2 ml置于普通试管,低温离心后分别收集血浆和血清.采用酶联免疫吸附法分别检测血浆髓过氧化物酶及血清中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶的水平并比较透析前、后的变化.结果 透析前、后血浆髓过氧化物酶水平分别为(161±33)μg/L和(426±188)μg/L,治疗前、后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);透析前、后血清中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶水平分别为(191±33)μg/L和(193±34)μg/L,治疗前、后比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在维持性血液透析患者中应用肝素作为抗凝剂透析后,血浆髓过氧化物酶水平的升高并非由中性粒细胞释放所致,很可能是由肝素刺激血管壁固化髓过氧化物酶释放所致.     

Subclinical hypothyroidism is linked to micro-inflammation and predicts death in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

BACKGROUND: Low T3 is a frequent alteration in patients with ESRD. This derangement has been recently linked to inflammation in haemodialysis patients. Whether this association holds true in peritoneal dialysis patients has not been studied. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between low-grade inflammation [IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum albumin levels] and free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) in a cohort of 41 CAPD patients (mean age, 66 years; M, 26; F, 15) without heart failure and inter-current illnesses. RESULTS: CAPD patients had lower fT3 levels (2.7 +/- 0.8 pg/ml) than healthy subjects (3.7 +/- 1.0 pg/ml, P < 0.001) of similar age. Free T3 levels were directly related to those of serum albumin (r = 0.52, P = 0.001) and inversely to IL-6 (r = -0.30, P = 0.05) and CRP (r = -0.54, P < 0.001). Age (r = -0.61, P < 0.001), haemoglobin levels (r = 0.32, P = 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.50, P = 0.001) were also related to fT3. In multiple regression models adjusting for all variables related to fT3, CRP and albumin were retained as independent correlates of fT3. During the follow-up (2.8 +/- 1.7 years) 27 patients died. Plasma fT3 levels were lower in patients who died (2.5 +/- 0.8 pg/ml) compared with survivors (3.3 +/- 0.5 pg/ml P = 0.001). In Cox analyses, fT3 was a significant predictor of mortality independent of the main traditional as well as non-traditional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between fT3, CRP and serum albumin suggests that inflammation-malnutrition might be involved in the low T3 syndrome in CAPD patients. Thyroid dysfunction might be implicated in the pathogenic pathway which links micro-inflammation to survival in PD patients.     

Thyroid function tests in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis: characterization of the 'low-T4 syndrome' in subjects on regular hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Thyroid function tests were evaluated in 38 patients on regular hemodialysis (HD), in 36 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and in 39 healthy controls. A significant reduction in total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), reverse (rT3), and free T4 (fT4) mean levels and normal TSH, free T3, TBG and albumin concentrations was found in both HD and CAPD patients. A 'low-T4 syndrome' (serum T4 less than 5 micrograms/dl) was found in 9 CAPD (25%) and 20 HD (53%) patients, but none of them had fT4 levels below the normal laboratory range. The only striking difference between low-T4 HD and low-T4 CAPD patients was the significantly lower TBG and albumin serum levels in CAPD group. Low-T4 HD displayed normal TBG levels but enhanced fT4/TT4 and fT4/TT4 X TBG ratios. We concluded that: the abnormalities in thyroid function tests in patients on long-term dialysis (HD and CAPD) do not express the existence of a true hypothyroidism; a different pathogenesis of the low-T4 syndrome in the CAPD and HD groups may be hypothesized: in the former it could be attributed to a reduction in serum-binding capacity for thyroid hormones, in the latter the relative increase in fT4 percentage despite normal TBG levels suggests either the presence of T4-TBG-binding inhibitor(s), or structural abnormalities of thyroid-hormone-binding proteins.     

手术去势对前列腺癌患者血脂代谢的影响

目的：探讨前列腺癌患者去势手术后雄激素水平降低及对血脂代谢的影响。方法：对诊断明确的36例进展期前列腺癌患者行双侧睾丸切除术,分别于术前、术后1、3、6个月及1年测定血清睾酮（T）、游离睾酮（FT）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、载脂蛋白A1（APO-A1）、载脂蛋白B（APO-B）。结果：去势术后1个月,T、FT较术前明显降低（0．45±0．05ng／mlVS4．88±0．21ng／ml,P〈0．01;2．09±0．56pmol／I。VS35．25±4．20pmol／I,,P〈0．01）,以后持续下降,术后6个月降至最低。TG于术后1个月开始较术前显著升高（1．88±0．28mmol／L,VS1．38±0．20mmol／L,P〈0．01）。FC、LDL-C于术后3个月开始较术前明显升高（5．29±0．7lmmol／L VS3．6l±0．59mmol／L,P〈0．01;3．13±0．44mmol／L VS1．72±0．26mmol／L,P〈0．01）,以后呈继续上升趋势。HDL-C于术后3个月开始较术前明显降低（1．47±0．28rnmol／L VS1．86±0．24mmol／L,P〈0．01）。APO-A1、APO—B在手术前后无明显变化。结论：前列腺癌患者去势手术后,随着雄激素水平的降低,出现血脂代谢异常,TG、TC、LDL-C升高,HDL-C降低,可能使相关心血管疾病的发生率增加。     

Intraperitoneal secretion of interleukin-6 during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was determined in serum and peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) of patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) by a biological assay measuring the proliferation of the IL-6-dependent 7TD1 cell line. Six patients free of peritonitis displayed low but significant levels of IL-6 (mean +/- 42 pg/ml) in PDE, while IL-6 was undetectable in serum. In 6 patients with staphylococcal peritonitis, a tremendous increase in PDE levels of IL-6 was noted (range: 5,832-37,491 pg/ml), while serum IL-6 remained either undetectable or on a low level except in one case. After 5 days of antibiotic treatment, IL-6 levels in PDE returned to basal values. We conclude that CAPD results in an intraperitoneal secretion of IL-6 which is markedly but transiently increased during peritonitis episodes.     

持续质量改进对老年腹膜透析患者钙磷代谢紊乱的作用

目的:探讨应用持续质量改进(CQI)的方法纠正老年腹膜透析患者钙磷代谢紊乱的效果。方法:运用PDCA四步法,即设计、实施、检验和应用,设计并实施改善老年腹膜透析患者钙磷代谢紊乱的治疗措施。结果:45例腹膜透析时间>3个月的老年患者参与了此项研究。经9个月CQI,各种钙磷代谢紊乱总发生率由82.22%降至42.22%(P<0.05)。其中高钙血症组血钙由(2.71±0.25)mmol/L降至(2.52±0.31)mmol/L(P<0.05),低钙血症组血钙由(1.78±0.42)mmol/L升至(2.11±0.24)mmol/L(P<0.05),血磷水平由(2.13±0.62)mmol/L降至(1.67±0.53)mmol/L(P<0.05),钙磷乘积由(80.22±16.61)mg2/dl2降至(54.58±15.93)mg2/dl2(P<0.05),继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者的血清全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)由(488.12±227.31)pg/ml降至(290.3±171.15)pg/ml(P<0.01),血清碱性磷酸酶水平由(108.75±35.31)U/L降至(88.75±38.14)U/L(P<0.05)。有残肾功能较无残肾功能组,虽KT/V差异不大,在CQI后纠正高磷血症、高钙血症、甲状旁腺功能亢进上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:持续质量改进措施显著改善了老年腹膜透析患者的钙磷代谢紊乱。     

Serum total and free testosterone level of Japanese men: a population-based study

BACKGROUND: There has never been a large scale population-based study of serum levels of total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT) in Japanese men. METHODS: We determined serum levels of TT and FT of 1120 Japanese men aged 40-79 years using radioimmunoassay (RIA), as a part of a population-based longitudinal study of aging. Of these, sex hormone binding protein (SHBG) was also measured by RIA in 471 men. For the latter group, the calculated free testosterone (cFT) was determined by a formula using serum level of albumin, TT and SHBG. RESULTS: The mean +/- 2 SD of TT, FT and cFT were 513 +/- 326 ng/dL (187-839 ng/dL), 13.2 +/- 7.8) pg/mL (5.4-21.0 pg/mL) and 77.0 +/- 43.4 pg/mL (33.6-120.4 pg/mL), respectively. While TT did not relate to age, FT and cFT decreased with age. FT in the 40-49 years age group was 15.1 +/- 8.4 pg/mL (6.7-23.5 pg/mL), in the 50-59 years age group was 13.9 +/- 6.8 pg/mL (7.1-20.7 pg/mL), in the 60-69 years age group was 12.0 +/- 6.6 pg/mL (5.4-18.6 pg/mL) and in the 70-79 years age group was 11.5 +/- 7.0 pg/mL (4.5-18.5 pg/mL). FT significantly correlated with cFT (Spearman's r = 0.803). The correspondence rates were 92.3% at the mean -1 SD and 98.7% at the mean -2 SD level. CONCLUSIONS: We determined the mean and standard deviation of TT, FT and cFT in Japanese men aged 40 years or older. It is supposed that FT determined by RIA would be useful for diagnosing partial androgen deficiency of aging males.     

Euthyroid sick syndrome in trauma patients with severe inflammatory response syndrome

Objective： To investigate the alternations of thyroid hormone in traumatic patients with severe inflammatory response syndrome （SIRS）. Methods： Fifty traumatic patients with severe SIRS were enrolled and divided into two groups according to whether they presented multiorgan dysfunction syndrome （MODS）. Thyroid hormone measurements were taken, including total triiodothyronine （ TT3 ）, total thyroxine （TT4）, free triiodothyronine （FT3）, free thyroxine （ FT4 ） and thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH）. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II （ APACHE II ） score was calculated according to clinical data. The outcomes of recovery or deterioration were recorded, as well as the length of time from the onset of SIRS to the time thyroid hormones were measured. Results： Euthyroid sick syndrome （ESS） was presented in 45 cases. TT3 level was negatively correlated with APACHE II score （r = -0.330, P 〈0. 05）, and TT3/TI＇4 value was negatively correlated with the duration of SIRS（ r = -0.316, P〈0.05）. TT3, TT4 and levels in MODS patients were significantly lower than those without MODS （ P 〈 0.05 ）. MODS patients got low TT4 or FT4 level more frequently than those without MODS （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Compared with the patients in normal TSH group, the patients with decreased TSH had lower T3, T4, recovery rate and higher APACHE II scores, MODS incidence, but there was no difference between two groups （P〉0.05）. Conclusions： Trauma patients with severe SIRS have high possibility to get ESS, which occurs more frequently and severely in MODS patients. It shows the influences of SIRS on the thyroid axes. With the persistence and aggravation of SIRS, there is a progressive reduction of thyroid hormone.     

Leptin in CAPD patients: serum concentrations and peritoneal loss.

BACKGROUND: To determine whether serum leptin concentrations in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are influenced by peritoneal loss of leptin and to compare serum leptin levels of normal subjects with those of patients receiving renal replacement therapy such as haemodialysis (HD), CAPD, or kidney transplantation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty-four individuals were investigated: six females and 14 males on standard CAPD; 13 females and 13 males on chronic HD; 10 female and eight male kidney transplant recipients, and 10 female and 10 male subjects as controls. Morning serum, 8-h and 24-h samples of peritoneal fluid concentrated to 6-20-fold by Centricon 3 (cutoff 3000 daltons), and 24-h urinary concentrations of leptin were measured with commercial RIA (Linco Research, Inc., USA). Venous blood and peritoneal fluid samples of albumin, beta2-microglobulin, glucose, urea, and creatinine were determined by standard laboratory techniques. Serum insulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Patients (men and women) on CAPD and after kidney transplantation exhibited significantly higher serum concentrations of leptin and leptin/BMI ratios than control subjects. These increased values did not reach statistical significance in HD patients. Serum leptin concentrations were correlated very significantly with BMI in all cases (r=0.380, P<0.001). Moreover, in CAPD patients (r=0.630, P<0.007) and in HD patients (r=0.668, P<0.005), but not in kidney transplant recipients or control subjects, significant correlations were observed between serum leptin and insulin concentrations. Residual renal function (RRF) in the range 0-12.8 ml/min and serum beta2-microglobulin levels in the range 7.9-47.1 mg/l did not influence serum leptin levels in CAPD and HD patients. As expected, leptin was detected in the peritoneal fluid of CAPD patients. Twenty-four-hour peritoneal loss (30.95+/-21.05 ng/min) and 24-h peritoneal clearance (0.01+/-0.01 ml/kg/min) of leptin account for only 3.9% of estimated whole-body leptin production rate and 0.7% of leptin clearance from plasma respectively. Twenty-four-hour urinary losses of leptin in CAPD patients were negligible, accounting for 5.6+/-1.8% (range 0.3-15.2%) of total (peritoneal and urinary) loss of this hormone. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that serum leptin levels are not affected by continuous peritoneal loss of leptin during CAPD and that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia contribute to elevated serum leptin concentrations in CAPD and HD patients. The aetiology of increased serum leptin levels in kidney transplant recipients is probably different from that in dialysis patients.