人脂肪间充质干细胞成功诱导分化为脂肪细胞

目的分离培养人脂肪间充质干细胞(h ADSCs),探讨h ADSCs生长特性及分化为脂肪细胞的能力。方法采用Ⅰ型胶原酶消化和贴壁筛选联合培养方法,从人腹部吸脂术所抽取的脂肪组织中分离培养间充质干细胞,传代,绘制其生长曲线,免疫细胞化学染色检测细胞表面标志物以鉴定所分离细胞;利用三联诱导法诱导人脂肪间充质干细胞向脂肪细胞分化,并进行油红O染色鉴定,显微镜下观察。结果原代人脂肪源间充质干细胞贴壁生长,为形态相对均一的梭形细胞,呈平行排列生长,生长曲线呈"s"型分布,间充质干细胞相关标志物CD44、CD49d高表达,而CD34、CD106则呈阴性。三联诱导法成功诱导人脂肪源间充质干细胞向脂肪细胞分化,诱导7d后镜下可见脂滴的出现,12d后最为显著,油红O染色脂滴着红色。结论 h ADSCs经过体外扩增及成脂诱导成功分化为脂肪细胞,可成为组织工程理想种子细胞。     

人脐血间充质干细胞的生物学特性及其成骨成脂肪分化*

背景：目前有关脐血间充质干细胞的生物学特性及分化能力的研究较少。 目的：观察人脐血间充质干细胞的生物学特性,及其向成骨、成脂肪细胞分化的能力。 方法：从不同胎龄脐血中分离间充质干细胞,对其进行原代和传代培养,并诱导其向成骨及成脂肪细胞分化。 结果与结论：倒置相差显微镜下见分离培养的脐血间充质干细胞贴壁生长,呈成纤维细胞样外观,细胞呈螺旋状排列;透射电镜下可见脐血间充质干细胞胞核比例大,细胞器少,为低分化细胞;原代及传代培养的脐血间充质干细胞生长曲线均呈S型,第3,5代细胞增殖能力最强,低胎龄的脐血间充质干细胞集落形成能力最强。流式细胞仪检测结果显示,脐血间充质干细胞稳定表达间充质干细胞相关抗原CD29,CD44 和CD90,不表达造血细胞标志CD34和CD45。成骨诱导后3 周,碱性磷酸酶染色为强阳性,茜素红染色可见大量钙化基质的形成;成脂诱导3周,油红O染色可检测到胞质中脂滴的形成。提示脐血间充质干细胞具有间充质干细胞的形态特征、生长增殖特点及细胞表面标志物等生物学特性,可向成骨细胞及脂肪细胞分化。     

人脂肪来源间充质干细胞成骨及成软骨的潜能

背景：人脂肪来源间充质干细胞是种具有较强的体外增殖和多系分化能力的成体干细胞,可以从美容吸脂手术中获得,取材方便,原料来源丰富,在生物治疗应用方面蕴藏着巨大的价值。 目的：体外分离、培养人脂肪来源间充质干细胞,探讨其基本生物学特性及成骨成软骨的潜能。 方法：取美容吸脂获得的脂肪组织,采用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法分离人脂肪来源间充质干细胞并进行体外培养;观察细胞形态、测定细胞周期、流式细胞仪鉴定细胞表面标志;取第3代细胞,分别加入成骨诱导培养基及成软骨诱导培养基行体外成骨及成软骨诱导。 结果与结论：体外培养人脂肪来源间充质干细胞呈纤维样形态,原代细胞24 h内贴壁,培养5~7 d 后开始形成细胞集落;经细胞周期检测显示G₀/G₁,S和G₂/M所占比例分别为(88±2)%,(12±2)%和0.03%。经流式细胞仪检测CD29和CD105呈阳性表达,CD34和CD45呈阴性表达。RT-PCR检测显示,人脂肪间充质干细胞经成骨诱导分化后细胞中骨桥蛋白mRNA呈阳性表达,经软骨诱导分化后细胞中Ⅱ型胶原mRNA呈阳性表达。结果证实,实验成功体外分离、培养人脂肪来源间充质干细胞,其具有向成骨细胞和软骨细胞分化的潜能。     

Notch信号在人脂肪源间充质干细胞成脂中的作用

目的通过研究Notch在hADSCs成脂中的作用,为肥胖提供新的药物靶点。方法分离脂肪抽吸液中的hADSCs并进行成脂诱导。RT-qPCR分析成脂中Notch1、Notch2、DLL1和DLL3的表达;DAPT抑制Notch信号,Western-blot检测NICD、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-Akt/Akt、PPARγ的表达。结果所分离的细胞可成功诱导成脂。Notch1、Notch2、DLL1和DLL3表达水平在成脂过程中逐渐降低;10μM DAPT可显著降低NICD的表达水平,PPARγ表达水平升高,p-PI3K/PI3K与p-Akt/Akt表达水平均降低。同时使用PI3K/Akt激活剂IGF-1后,PPARγ表达水平下降。结论 Notch信号抑制可通过降低PI3K/Akt通路的活性促进hADSCs成脂。     

绝经后骨质疏松大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成脂肪分化能力初探

探讨绝经后骨质疏松大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成脂肪分化能力的变化.选用3月龄健康SD雌性大鼠行双侧卵巢切除术后,建立骨质疏松症的动物模型,使用密度梯度离心法分别获取各组的骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs),体外培养传至3、4代后,加入成脂肪诱导液进行成脂肪诱导后,观察细胞形态改变,并用RT-PCR法检测成脂肪分化过程的标志物脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)的mRNA水平.实验分为3月正常未诱导组(3conMSCs)、3月骨质疏松未诱导组(3ovx MSCs)、3月正常成脂肪细胞诱导组(3conADI)、3月骨质疏松成脂肪细胞诱导组(3ovxADI).结果显示(1)形态学改变,成脂肪诱导后,MSCs成类圆形,在胞浆内有脂滴形成,3ovxADI组形成脂滴明显多于3conADI组.(2)LPL的mRNA的表达,未诱导组3conMSCs组和3ovx MSCs组没有表达;诱导组在诱导7 d时,有表达,而且3ovxADI组明显高于3conADI组;诱导14 d时,趋势一致,诱导组的表达量均高于7 d.通过检测成脂肪分化的指标LPL的mRNA的表达发现,3ovx组明显高于3con组.研究结果表明,绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠MSCs成脂肪分化能力增强.     

差速贴壁法分离培养脂肪源间充质干细胞

目的:探讨差速贴壁法从大鼠腹股沟脂肪垫分离纯化脂肪源间充质干细胞(adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells,ADMSCs)的可行性。方法:采用差速贴壁培养法分离ADMSCs,并与普通培养法得到的ADMSCs进行表面分子CD44阳性率对比。在第2代ADMSCs中加入条件培养基进行诱导,根据条件培养基的不同分成3组:①成骨诱导组:加入成骨培养基;②成脂诱导组:加入成脂培养基;③对照组:仅加入基础培养基。成骨诱导组和对照组进行碱性磷酸酶(ALP)检测,成脂诱导组和对照组进行油红O染色检测。结果:差速贴壁培养法获得CD44阳性率更高的ADMSCs。成骨诱导组的ALP大大高于对照组,成脂诱导组油红O染色阳性,对照组油红O染色均为阴性。结论:差速贴壁培养法从大鼠腹股沟脂肪垫中分离得到高纯度ADMSCs。     

银杏叶提取物对人脂肪间充质干细胞神经向分化的影响

目的:为了观察银杏叶提取物(extract of Ginkgo biloba,EGb761)对人脂肪间充质干细胞(human adipose-derived stem cells,hADSCs)增殖及神经向分化的影响。方法:利用CCK-8法检测不同浓度EGb761作用下hADSCs的增殖情况;并用含有不同浓度EGb761的联合神经诱导因子诱导hADSCs向神经分化。结果:EGb761对hADSCs增殖的影响具有时间差异性,1 d时无明显差异(P>0.05),3 d时显著促进(P<0.05),但5～7 d时细胞的增殖幅度减小(P>0.05);含有不同浓度EGb761的联合诱导因子促进hADSCs发生神经向分化。与阳性对照组相比,各时间点均促进巢蛋白(Nestin)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的表达(P<0.05),但促进Nestin的表达有浓度依赖趋势;而促进NSE的表达则无明显浓度依赖。星形胶质细胞的标记物-神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达与阳性对照无差异(P>0.05)。结论:EGb761对hADSCs的增殖有促进作用,3 d时促进作用明显;EGb761显著促进hADSCs的神经向分化,不促进其向胶质样细胞分化。     

三维培养诱导人脂肪间充质干细胞微球的成软骨分化能力

背景：关节软骨损伤后修复结果不满意,需要新的手段,而脂肪间充质干细胞较适宜做种子细胞诱导软骨,然而怎么能够使诱导的软骨具有功能需要研究。 目的：采用三维培养体系诱导人脂肪间充质干细胞微球向软骨分化。 方法：无菌切取吸脂术后脂肪组织,分离培养人脂肪间充质干细胞,传至第3代进行流式细胞术分析,成骨成脂肪诱导等鉴定,同时也给予合适的培养条件用三维培养的方式向软骨细胞诱导,并行阿利辛蓝染色鉴定糖胺多糖的合成,苏木精-伊红染色进行组织学分析,免疫荧光检测Ⅱ型胶原表达,称质量测量软骨硬度。 结果与结论：分离的人脂肪间充质干细胞CD105,CD44,CD29均高表达,而 CD45,CD34低表达,并且成骨成脂诱导后细胞茜素红染色和油红O染色均为阳性。三维培养法诱导的软骨细胞可表达大量糖胺多糖及Ⅱ型胶原。结果证实,三维培养法诱导人脂肪间充质细胞向软骨分化后,具有软骨细胞的特性。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

miR-424负向调节人脂肪源间充质干细胞向成脂细胞分化

目的研究miR-424对人脂肪源间充质干细胞(hAMSCs)向成脂分化的影响。方法用real-time PCR检测hAMSCs成脂分化前后细胞内miR-424水平的变化。在脂质体介导下,用人工合成的miR-424模拟物转染hAMSCs提高细胞内miR-424的含量,随后对其进行成脂诱导。用油红O染色法观察细胞内脂滴形成情况,用real-time PCR和Western blot检测成脂关键转录因子PPARγ及相关标记物mRNA的表达。结果 hAMSCs成脂分化后,miR-424表达下调。与对照组细胞相比,转染miR-424模拟物的实验组细胞中miR-424含量明显升高。成脂诱导第8天油红O染色结果显示,实验组脂滴形成显著少于对照组。PPARγ和成脂相关标记物的表达量也出现下调。结论 miR-424可负向调节hAMSCs向脂肪细胞分化。     

脂肪干细胞诱导分化的现状及前景

背景：脂肪干细胞是由中胚层发育而来的多能干细胞,在特殊的生长因子和环境等诱导培养条件下,可以向不同的谱系分化。 目的：详细阐述脂肪干细胞诱导分化的条件及鉴定方法。 方法：应用计算机检索万方数据库及PubMed数据库2005至2014年10年间的文献,中文检索词为“脂肪干细胞,诱导,分化”;英文检索词为“adipose derived stem cells,differentiation”。依据纳入排除标准选择37篇文献进行归纳总结。 结果与结论：脂肪干细胞在抗坏血酸、胰岛素、地塞米松、转化生长因子β作用下可向软骨细胞分化;成脂诱导液的配方包括3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤(IBMX)、胰岛素、地塞米松、吲哚美辛;成骨分化常用的诱导剂包含地塞米松或维生素D3、抗坏血酸,β-甘油磷酸钠;碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、表皮生长因子及维生素B27可联合应用诱导脂肪干细胞成神经分化;向心肌细胞分化普遍应用的诱导因子是5-氮杂胞苷;血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子共同作用可以诱导脂肪干细胞向血管内皮细胞分化。随着分子生物学和细胞生物学的迅速发展,脂肪干细胞的分化研究也会更加深入,在目前对脂肪干细胞诱导分化现象观察的基础上,应加强对其内在的分子机制及调控脂肪干细胞可塑性的基因和蛋白的研究。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

The isolation and differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells using membrane filtration

Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) were purified from a suspension of human adipose tissue cells (stromal vascular fraction) by the conventional culture method and by membrane filtration through polyurethane (PU) foam membranes. hADSCs can be obtained from a suspension of human adipose tissue cells using the membrane filtration method in less than 30?min, whereas the conventional culture method requires 5-12 days. hADSCs that express the mesenchymal stem cell markers CD44, CD73, and CD90 were concentrated in the recovery solution from the PU membranes; no hADSCs were isolated in the permeate. After filtration, the cells expressing the mesenchymal stem cell markers were 3-4.5 times more concentrated than in the initial suspension of human adipose tissue cells, with the level of concentration depending on the surface modification of the PU membrane. Cells expressing the stem cell-associated marker CD34 could be successfully isolated in the recovery solutions, whereas CD34(+) cells could not be purified by the conventional culture method. The hADSCs in the recovery solution demonstrated a superior capacity for osteogenic differentiation than did the cells in the suspension of human adipose tissue cells. These results suggested that the hADSCs with the capability for osteogenic differentiation adhered to the PU membranes.     

Neuronal differentiation potential of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Adult mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (A-MSC) have the capacity to differentiate in vitro into mesenchymal as well as endodermal and ectodermal cell lineages. We investigated the neuronal differentiation potential of human A-MSC with a protocol which included sphere formation and sequential culture in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and retinoic acid (RA). After 30 days, about 57% A-MSC showed morphological, immunocytochemical and electrophysiological evidence of initial neuronal differentiation. In fact, A-MSC displayed elongated shape with protrusion of two or three cellular processes, selectively expressed nestin and neuronal molecules (including GABA receptor and tyroxine hydroxilase) in the absence of glial phenotypic markers. Differentiated cells showed negative membrane potential (-60 mV), delayed rectifier potassium currents and TTX-sensitive sodium currents. Such changes were stable for at least 7 days after removal of differentiation medium. In view of these results and the easy availability of adipose tissue, A-MSC may be a ready source of adult MSC with neuronal differentiation potential, an useful tool to treat neurodegenerative diseases.     

The correlation between human adipose-derived stem cells differentiation and cell adhesion mechanism

In recent years, research in the areas of stem cells has dramatically increased, including studies of cellular adhesion to a substrate. We sought to determine the adhesive properties of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) for extracellular matrix proteins. The adhesion of hASCs to collagens and laminin was completely inhibited by a monoclonal antibody, Mab 2253, which binds to the β1 integrin subunit. These data indicate that hASC adhesion to collagens and laminin was exclusively mediated by an integrin. Cell adhesion on fibronectin (Fn) was inhibited by the heparin-binding peptide (HBP) in the presence of Mab 2253, but not by either Mab 2253 or HBP alone. These results indicate that both the β1 subunit and the heparan sulfate proteoglycan participated in the cell adhesion to Fn. Microscopic views showed extensive spreading of hASCs cultured on Fn, whereas the cells maintained a round shape when cultured on a heparin-binding domain (HBD) substrate. hASCs differentiated into adipocytes, which stained positive for lipid vacuoles by Oil Red-O analysis, more readily on HBD substrate than on FN substrate. These results suggest that hASCs have an adhesion mechanism for the HBD of Fn and hASC morphology is controlled by the adhesion mechanism and strongly correlated with adipogenic differentiation.     

人参皂苷Rb1对体外培养人脂肪干细胞增殖与成骨分化的影响

背景：脂肪干细胞成骨分化受多种因素的影响,中药成骨诱导活性因子在脂肪干细胞研究中有重要意义。 目的：观察人参皂苷Rb1在体外培养条件下对人脂肪干细胞增殖和成骨分化的影响。 方法：体外分离培养人脂肪干细胞,传至第3代后,按2×10³/孔接种至96孔板,分别加入0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,6.0 μmol/L人参皂苷Rb1培养基200 μL进行培养;设立对照组,仅加入等量普通DMEM培养基。采用XTT比色法测定大鼠脂肪干细胞的生长增殖曲线。通过碱性磷酸酶试剂盒测定细胞碱性磷酸酶活性,放射免疫法检测骨钙素含量,茜素红染色观察钙化结节形成能力。 结果与结论：0.5 μmol/L人参皂苷Rb1可明显促进人脂肪干细胞增殖;随着人参皂苷Rb1浓度的增加,促细胞增殖活性降低,6.0 μmol/L人参皂苷Rb1表现为明显的抑制细胞增殖作用。人参皂苷Rb1呈剂量依赖性促进人脂肪干细胞碱性磷酸酶活性和骨钙素表达。4.0,6.0 μmol/L人参皂苷Rb1诱导钙化结节形成能力优于0.5,1.0和2.0 μmol/L人参皂苷Rb1,对照组人脂肪干细胞未见钙化结节形成。提示人参皂苷Rb1在一定浓度范围内对体外培养条件下的人脂肪干细胞具有促生长增殖作用,但在高浓度时,人参皂苷Rb1对人脂肪干细胞的成骨分化具有促进作用,因此可作为一种良好的成骨诱导活性因子。     

The effect of serial passaging on the proliferation and differentiation of bovine adipose-derived stem cells

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent an excellent cell source for the development of regenerative therapies for a broad variety of tissue disorders. Commonly, in vitro expansion is necessary to obtain sufficient cell populations for research purposes and clinical applications. Although it has been demonstrated that human ASCs can maintain their adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic potential in long-term culture (up to 15 passages), it is not guaranteed that a satisfactory level of differentiation is achievable in later passages. In this study, we investigated the self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity of bovine ASCs, isolated from the interdigital fat pad, and explored how serial passaging influences the cells. A proliferation study examined the changes in growth kinetics from passage 1 to 5, and multilineage (adipogenesis, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis) differentiation studies were conducted to compare the potential between passage 2 (P2) and passage 5 (P5). From the proliferation study, a statistically significant change in the doubling time did not appear until P5. In the differentiation study, both P2 and P5 ASCs could be stimulated to undergo multilineage differentiation under specific culturing conditions. However, adipogenic and chondrogenic cultures showed significantly lower levels of differentiation in the P5-induced cultures. In contrast, P5-induced osteogenic cultures had higher alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity than P2-induced cultures, suggesting an increase in the osteogenic response with serial passaging. Overall, bovine ASCs are capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation; however, long-term in vitro expansion has a negative effect on adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, while potentially favoring osteogenesis.     

人脂肪源干细胞分离培养及向成骨细胞的诱导分化

背景：脂肪源干细胞可分泌众多的免疫调节因子,不引起T细胞的细胞毒作用,并可通过调整T淋巴细胞的种类和数量。 目的：探讨人脂肪源干细胞在体外分离培养扩增的方法及向成骨细胞诱导分化的能力。 方法：以0.1%的Ⅰ型胶原酶通过组织消化的方法分离人脂肪组织中的干细胞,体外扩增培养至第2代后检测其表面抗原的表达,并在成骨诱导液中促进其向成骨细胞的分化,通过碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色及对碱性磷酸酶的RT-PCR检测来明确其分化能力。 结果与结论：体外分离培养的脂肪源干细胞生长稳定,扩增速度快。流式细胞仪检测结果显示其高表达干细胞相关抗原。向成骨细胞诱导后经免疫组化染色可见矿化结节形成,RT-PCR检测发现碱性磷酸酶表达阳性。提示脂肪源干细胞在体外分离培养方法简单,扩增速度快,并具有定向分化的能力,是可靠的组织修复和细胞治疗的种子细胞来源。