肺癌血供的DSA研究及临床意义

目的：进一步明确肺癌的血供来源，为肺癌的介入治疗提供理论依据。材料与方法：对１８例原发性肺癌和２例转移性肺癌在介入治疗前同时行支气管动脉造影和肺动脉ＤＳＡ造影。结果：２０例肺癌全部由支气管动脉供血，肺动脉不参与肺癌的供血。结论：肺癌的灌注化疗或栓塞治疗均应经支气管动脉，不必经肺动脉     

支气管动脉介入治疗中严重并发症的防治

支气管动脉栓塞术（BAE）治疗大咯血为无手术指征、内科治疗无效的大咯血提供了一种有效的治疗手段.支气管动脉灌注化疗术（BAI）及化疗栓塞术（BACE）是治疗肺癌行之有效的方法之一.但是支气管动脉介入手术可产生严重并发症.现就我们工作中的体会,探讨支气管动脉介入治疗中严重并发症的防治措施.     

肺癌支气管动脉CTA成像及其在介入治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨肺癌支气管动脉CTA成像及其在介入治疗中的应用价值。方法分析15例经支气管动脉介入治疗前的肺癌病例,其中中央型13例,周围型2例。15例均行螺旋CT增强扫描,薄建后传至工作站利用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)等后处理技术观察支气管动脉。结果13例中央型肺癌均由肿瘤性支气管动脉供血,图像清晰显示肿瘤性支气管动脉的起点、分支及走行;2例周围型肺癌中有1例由肿瘤性支气管动脉供血,1例找不到明确发自支气管动脉的供血血管。结论肺癌支气管动脉CTA成像能够显示肺癌特别是中央型肺癌的肿瘤性支气管动脉,并能为介入治疗提供准确定位和其他参考数据。     

肺癌血管造影表现及临床意义

目的：研究肺癌的肿瘤血管形态，指导肺癌的诊断和介入治疗。材料和方法：对１００例肺癌病人在治疗前行支气管动脉ＤＳＡ，其中２０例同时作了肺动脉ＤＳＡ。结果：①肺癌的血供来自支气管动脉；②供血的支气管动脉增粗；③出现肿瘤血管和肿瘤染色；④少数病例可见支气管动脉与肺动脉或肺静脉直接交通；⑤纵膈或肺门淋巴结显影。表现与原发癌相似。结论：肺癌的介入治疗应选择支气管动脉为靶血管，不但要进行灌注化疗，而且要栓塞支气管动脉以阻断肿瘤的血供和异常交通，不但要栓塞原发瘤的供血动脉也要栓塞转移淋巴结的供血动脉。     

多排CT血管造影对肺癌支气管动脉灌注化疗的指导意义初探

目的探讨术前胸部CT血管造影对经支气管动脉治疗肺癌的指导意义。方法回顾性分析20例原发性肺癌患者,术前均行胸部16排螺旋CT血管造影(CTA),在轴位图(Ax)基础上行多平面重建(MPR)、容积再现(VR)及最大密度投影(MIP),重建供应肺癌的支气管动脉及其他体循环动脉,并以此为参照,在DSA下对患者行支气管动脉化疗灌注栓塞,术中记录寻找到的支气管动脉及非支气管动脉体循环动脉数目。结果胸部CTA共发现34支动脉参与肺癌供血,包括支气管动脉27支(其中异位于右锁骨下动脉的支气管动脉1支)、肋间动脉3支、内乳动脉和膈下动脉各2支。34支动脉均在介入治疗中顺利插管并证实为肺癌供血动脉,DSA造影还发现在CTA上未发现的患侧3支支气管动脉不参与肿瘤供血。结论多排螺旋CT血管造影可显示肺癌的供养血管(包括支气管动脉和非支气管体循环供血动脉)及其走行情况,有助于经支气管动脉介入治疗。     

支气管动脉CTA检查在咯血介入治疗中的临床价值

目的探讨CTA检查在咯血介入治疗中的价值、局限及应用策略。方法 53例咯血患者行支气管动脉CTA检查,随后行支气管动脉栓塞术。统计CTA与栓塞术中DSA检查显示支气管动脉、异常支气管动脉、侧支供血动脉的数量。所有病例术后随访1年。结果 CTA检查与术中DSA检查分别显示支气管动脉152支、123支。以DSA检查结果为标准,CTA检出的支气管动脉、异常支气管动脉、侧支供血动脉符合率分别为100%(123/123),82.3%(79/96),53.8%(21/39)。51例患者成功行支气管动脉栓塞治疗,术后1年内复发6例。结论 CTA检查发现支气管动脉敏感度高,有助于介入术中快速查找出血动脉和优化介入治疗方案。CTA显示异常支气管动脉及侧支供血动脉效果不够理想,介入术中应充分利用CTA提供的信息,但确认出血血管仍需要DSA检查。     

支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘致大咯血的介入治疗

目的 观察支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘的血管造影表现,评价介入治疗支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘致咯血的重要性、安全性以及疗效.方法 2007年1月-2008年1月我院共收治大咯血患者39例,其中12例存在支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘,均行支气管动脉栓塞术(BAE)治疗,分析支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘致咯血的表现、病理解剖学特点,评价BAE治疗支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘的安全性和疗效.结果 本组12例支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘致咯血患者,均用明胶海绵颗粒行BAE治疗,术后止血率为100%,无明显并发症出现,平均随访13.5个月(6～18个月),患者均未发生再次咯血.结论 支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘是咯血的病理解剖结构,BAE是治疗和预防此类咯血的有效措施.     

急性大咯血的介入治疗

目的探讨介入治疗大咯血的临床价值。 方法回顾性分析27例咯血保守治疗无效行介入治疗患者的资料。包括支气管扩张（5例）、肺癌（10例）和肺结核（12例）。采用明胶海绵和聚乙烯醇颗粒进行支气管动脉栓塞治疗。 结果治疗后27例患者出血明显减少;2例患者1周后又出现大咯血,治疗失败。治疗有效率92.59%(25/27)。 结论支气管动脉栓塞术是急性大咯血安全、方便、有效的治疗方法。     

支气管动脉MSCT三维成像在肺癌介入治疗中的应用

目的:探讨支气管动脉多层螺旋CT(MSCT)三维成像在肺癌中的表现,评价支气管动脉的起源、走行及分支显示对肺癌介入治疗的价值。方法:26例行肺癌介入治疗的患者术前均行MSCT检查,其中9例行增强检查,行支气管动脉三维重建,使用不同的旋转轴观察支气管动脉的空间解剖细节。结果:9例肺癌支气管动脉三维重建的病例中,8例肺癌的支气管动脉三维图像能够清晰显示出支气管动脉的起源、走行、分支和血管直径等。三维成像中以容积再现(VR)技术显示最佳。结论:肺癌介入治疗术前行支气管动脉MSCT三维成像能准确、直观地显示支气管动脉的解剖特点,有利于降低操作难度和术中并发症的发生率,减少对比剂用量和曝光量,缩短选择性插管的时间。     

CTA与DSA对支气管肺癌的血供研究及其临床意义

目的 :探讨支气管肺癌的血供来源 ,为肺癌的营养学研究及介入治疗提供理论依据。材料和方法 :对 12例支气管肺癌 (中央型 5例 ,周围型 7例 )先分别行支气管动脉和肺动脉DSA ,再分别行两者的动脉造影CT(CTA)动态薄层扫描。结果 :DSA显示 12例癌肿全部由支气管动脉供血 ,未见肺动脉供血 ;而CTA示癌肿主要由支气管动脉供血 ,肺动脉亦参与供血 ,供血部位主要位于病灶周边部位 ,分布不均匀 ,周围型多于中央型。结论 :支气管肺癌 ,无论是中央型还是周围型 ,均由支气管动脉和肺动脉双重供血 ,其中支气管动脉为主要供血动脉 ;CTA较DSA结果更准确、可靠 ;介入治疗应兼顾两者     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.