肝癌合并动静脉瘘的DSA表现及介入治疗方法的探讨

目的探讨肝癌合并动静脉瘘的DSA表现及介入治疗方法。方法对673例经证实的肝癌患者先行(肠系膜上动脉)间接门脉造影及腹腔动脉或肝总动脉造影,再行肝动脉内灌注化疗和/或栓塞治疗。结果合并动静脉瘘者有151例(22.4%),其中动门静脉瘘127例,动肝静脉瘘有15例,混合型有9例;131例(86.8%)动静脉瘘患者施行了1次或多次肝动脉栓塞治疗,20例因动静脉瘘口不能有效栓塞和/或合并门静脉主干瘤栓而行单纯灌注化疗。结论DSA影像是肝癌合并动静脉瘘直观可靠的诊断方法,肝动脉灌注栓塞治疗是肝癌动静脉瘘患者最有效的治疗方法之一。     

多层螺旋CT在肝细胞肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞中的表现及介入治疗中的意义

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在肝细胞癌(HCC)肝动脉化疗栓塞中的表现特点及其介入治疗中的指导意义。方法45例肝癌患者行肝动脉化疗栓塞前同期分别行MSCT和DSA2种检查。MSCT应用三维容积再现(VRT)、最大密度投影(MIP)或多平面重组(MPR)技术观察腹腔动脉的解剖及走行分支,比较CT与DSA对病灶、合并症的显示情况及肿瘤的血供情况等。结果45例患者,MSCT发现病灶167个、门静脉癌栓11例、动脉静瘘12例;DSA发现病灶172个、门静脉癌栓8例,动静脉瘘15例。MSCT与DSA比较,DSA对肿瘤的数目显示率略高于MSCT,但差异无统计学意义。MSCT能够显示腹腔动脉及其主要分支的三维结构,优于DSA,观察与腹主动脉夹角较DSA更方便;MSCT发现肝动脉起源变异4例,与DSA完全符合。结论MSCT对肝细胞肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞有重要指导意义。     

SCTAP对肝癌可手术治疗评估的临床应用价值

目的　评价螺旋CT经动脉门静脉造影 (SCTAP)对肝癌可手术切除治疗的临床应用价值。方法　 2 3例肝内病变 (包括肝癌 2 1例 )采用SCTAP、常规CT及DSA检查 ,比较三者显示病灶个数的差异性及敏感性。结果　SCTAP对显示 <3 0mm及<10mm病灶数与常规CT及DSA比较有显著性差异 (Ρ <0 .0 1及Ρ <0 .0 5 ) ,对 >3 0mm病灶的显示 ,无显著性差异 (Ρ >0 .0 5 )。2 1例肝癌患者中 9例SCTAP未发现肝内转移灶而选择手术治疗 ,12例SCTAP发现肝内多个转移灶而选择介入经肝动脉化疗栓塞 (TACE)治疗。结论　SCTAP显示小肝癌微小肝癌或微小转移灶与常规CT、DSA比较具有极高的敏感性 ,对判断肝癌能否手术切除治疗有较大的临床应用价值。     

应用DSA、CT和经肠系膜上动脉门静脉灌注CT成像研究肝转移瘤的血液供应

目的 探讨DSA、CT和经肠系膜上动脉门静脉灌注CT成像对肝转移瘤的血液供应显示状况.方法 回顾性分析100例原发病灶经手术和(或)病理证实的肝转移瘤患者资料,均进行了CT平扫、多期CT增强扫描、选择性腹腔动脉和超选择性肝固有动脉DSA检查,其中,56例还经肠系膜上动脉插管行肠系膜上动脉的门静脉灌注CT成像(P(1TAP)检查,计算转移瘤中心区域、肿瘤边缘、门静脉和正常肝实质的时间-密度曲线(TDC)灰度密度(K值),观察肝转移瘤血液供应来源.DSA图像用Photoshop软件进行定量分析,CT图像用去卷积灌注软件进行分析.结果 DSA表现:肝固有动脉造影TDC显示肿瘤中心K值峰值平均为(67±12)%,肿瘤边缘K值峰值平均为(76±15)%,正常肝实质K值峰值平均为(51±10)%.腹腔动脉造影TDC显示,肿瘤中心及肿瘤边缘K值表现为快速上升,然后为缓慢上升的平台,而正常肝实质则呈现持续缓慢上升的态势.PCTAP扫描表现:肿瘤在30 s的时间内,密度变化几乎呈直线,无增强表现.结论 肝动脉是肝转移瘤的主要血液供应来源,门静脉几乎不参与肝转移瘤血液供应.     

64层螺旋CT在肝癌介入治疗中的应用价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CTA技术在肝癌介入治疗中的应用价值。方法:对55例肝癌患者在肝动脉化疗栓塞(TA-CE)术前行肝脏动脉期和静脉期的增强扫描,采用三维VR、MIP、MPR技术重建血管三维图像,并与介入治疗术中DSA图像做对比研究。结果:本组55例患者,对肝动脉2级血管的显示率差异无统计学意义;对肝动脉3级血管的显示率差异有统计学意义;CTA能够显示腹腔动脉及其主要分支的三维结构,观察与腹主动脉夹角较DSA更方便;CTA发现肝动脉变异13例(23.6%),与DSA完全符合。结论:64层螺旋CT三维血管成像技术可以很好显示肝癌供血血管的走行、分布、变异情况,提高TACE的准确性和成功率,对肝癌介入治疗有着重要价值。     

对比分析肝癌患者间接门静脉DSA与多层螺旋CT门静脉造影三维成像的价值

目的:探讨间接门静脉DSA与多层螺旋CT门静脉造影(SCTP)的门静脉成像差异。方法:收集的40例肝硬化肝癌患者均经肠系膜上动脉或腹腔动脉行间接门静脉DSA和SCTP三维成像,对比分析两种影像质量差异。结果:不同程度肝硬化肝癌的4~5级门静脉显示率SCTP(85%)明显高于间接门静脉DSA(32%),门静脉分支瘤栓显示率间接门静脉DSA(48%)略高于SCTP(16%、40%),门静脉分支推移改变2种方法无差异(均为80%),而动静脉瘘的显示率间接门静脉DSA(85%)要明显优于SCTP(32.5%)。结论:间接门静脉DSA及SCTP检查对门静脉显示各有优势,在临床应用中应根据实际情况选择合理的方法。     

多层螺旋CT在肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞中的价值

目的 评价多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在肝癌（HCC）肝动脉化疗栓塞中的价值。方法 对54例肝癌患者分别行MSCT和DSA检查，比较病灶、合并症的显示情况和肿瘤的供血来源，MSCT观察腹腔动脉的解剖和走行应用三维容积再现（VRT）、最大信号强度投影（MIP）或多平面重组（MPR）技术。其中，12例进行了CT血管造影（CTA）检查。结果 54例肝癌患者MSCT发现病灶225个，门静脉瘤栓10例，动静脉瘘14例；DSA发现病灶216个，门静脉瘤栓形成8例，动静脉瘘18例；MSCT和DSA二者比较，MSCT对肿瘤的数目的显示率略高于DSA，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；MSCT能够显示腹腔动脉及其主要分支的三维结构，优于后前位DSA，观察与腹主动脉夹角较DSA更方便；MSCT发现肝动脉起源变异5例，与DSA完全符合。结论 MSCT对于肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞有重要指导意义，选择最佳延迟扫描时间是显示病灶和血管的关键。     

MSCTA在肝移植中的应用价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)在肝移植中的临床应用价值.方法:病例组选择32例肝癌和肝硬化在移植前后行多层螺旋CT(MSCT)多期扫描,包括肝癌10例(肝癌组)、22例肝硬化CTP分级C级(肝硬化组).分别于肝动脉期和门脉期进行血管3D成像,重建方法包括MPR、MIP、VR.于MIP图像上分别测量腹腔动脉 (CA)、胃左动脉(LGA)、肝总动脉(CHA)、肝固有动脉(PHA)、肠系膜上动脉(SMA)及门静脉(PV)、脾静脉(SV)、肠系膜上静脉(SMV) 的管径.数据用SPSS10.0处理,资料用均数±标准差(±S)表示,两组均数比较采用t检验;多组间的比较用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),两两比较用q检验.P＜0.05有统计学意义.结果:肝动脉期血管成像可清晰显示扫描范围内的腹主动脉、腹腔干,胃十二指肠动脉,肝固有动脉,肝左、右动脉及其分支;门静脉期血管成像能清晰显示门静脉系统情况.病例组32例中有21例肝动脉及其分支解剖正常,MIP及VR所显示的正常解剖肝动脉无明显差异.病例组中11例、正常对照组6例显示肝动脉分支异常.于MIP像上能准确测量腹腔大动脉血管管径及门静脉、肠系膜上静脉及脾静脉的管径,对照组与肝硬化组及肝癌组动脉管径无统计学差异,而门脉高压患者门静脉主干、肠系膜上静脉及脾静脉的管径与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:肝脏MSCTA能准确显示血管解剖、变异及病变情况,对静脉、变异的肝动脉进行管径测量,掌握个体化肝脏血管变异及其血管大小信息,为手术方式、制订术中血管吻合方案提供客观依据,并监测术后血管并发症.     

原发性肝细胞癌TACE联合RFA术后多层螺旋CT随访价值

目的 探讨原发性肝细胞癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)并联合射频消融(RFA)术后使用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)随访疗效及肿瘤复发的价值.方法 选取50例原发性肝细胞癌患者,术前均行MSCT平扫及三期增强扫描图像及DSA检查,DSA检查并TACE术后1～7 d复查CT;RFA于TACE术后10～14 d在CT导引下进行,RFA术后21～30 d再次行CT复查.重点观察原发肿瘤局部血供,瘤灶缩小或局部复发,肝其他地方复发,门静脉癌栓及肝动脉-门静脉瘘等,MSCT与DSA结果行对比分析,统计不同影像学病灶检测率的差异.结果 术前肝癌瘤灶个数的检测MSCT与DSA间的差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);门脉癌栓的检测MSCT明显优于DSA(P＜0.05);肝动脉-门静脉瘘的检测DSA明显优于MSCT.肝癌行TACE及RFA术后瘤灶局部复发+新发个数的检测MSCT与DSA间的差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);其他新发瘤灶的检测MSCT与DSA间的差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);门静脉癌栓的检测MSCT明显优于DSA(P＜0.05);原发瘤灶局部复发MSCT明显优于DSA(P＜0.05);肝动脉-门静脉瘘的检测DSA明显优于MSCT.结论 原发性肝细胞癌术前及行TACE、RFA术后随访,MSCT具有临床推广应用价值.     

DSCT双能量扫描成像法与常规CT增强在肝癌TACE术后的临床应用

目的 探讨双源CT(DSCT)双能量扫描成像法与常规CT增强在肝癌经动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术后病灶复查中的应用。方法 选取肝癌TACE术后患者50例，按照常规腹部扫描体位选择双能量扫描条件，获得三套数据分别采用双能量成像处理(A法)和常规CT增强成像(B法),最终以数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查为金标准，对比两种检查方式对肝癌术后肿瘤残留及新发病灶的检出效果。结果 以DSA复查结果为金标准，DSCT检查与DSA检查符合率为64.0%(P<0.05)。其中A法确诊复发患者与DSA检查符合率为80.0%,高于B法64.0%(P<0.05);残余病灶区的血流量(BF)、肝动脉指数(HAI)及血容量(BV)等肝组织血流灌注参数均较非瘤区高，且残余病灶区肝门静脉灌注PVP较非瘤区低(P<0.05);DSCT中A法在肝癌TACE术后病灶复发检查中灵敏度与阴性预测值高于B法。结论 相比常规CT增强成像，采用DSCT双能量扫描成像法在肝癌TACE术后病灶复查中的应用效果更佳。     

3D iGuide穿刺技术在DynaCT引导射频消融治疗大肝癌中的应用

目的：评价3D iGuide穿刺技术在DynaCT引导射频消融（RFA）治疗大肝癌中的可行性及安全性。 方法：选取2016年9-12月在解放军总医院介入放射科住院治疗的孤立性大肝癌患者19例,行DynaCT扫描并选择3D iGuide技术引导射频针穿刺后实施RFA术,评价术后的技术成功率、术中及术后并发症、治疗效果。 结果：19例患者全部操作成功,技术成功率为100%,术中及术后并发症以疼痛为主,并未出现严重并发症;术后1个月影像学复查评估治疗效果,完全缓解（CR）17例、部分缓解（PR）2例。 结论：3D iGuide穿刺技术在DynaCT引导射频消融治疗大肝癌中安全、有效且操作简便,具有极强的可行性,为RFA治疗肝癌提供新的引导方法。     

Follow-up after embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: A prospective comparison of two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography, three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography, and time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography

Introduction

To prospectively compare of the diagnostic value of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) in the follow-up of intracranial aneurysms after endovascular treatment.

Methods

Seventy-two consecutive patients were examined 3?months after the embolization. The index tests included: two-dimensional DSA (2D-DSA), three-dimensional DSA (3D-DSA), and TOF-MRA. The reference test was a retrospective consensus between 2D-DSA images, 3D-DSA images, and source rotational DSA images. The evaluation included: detection of the residual flow, quantification of the flow, and validity of the decision regarding retreatment. Intraobserver agreement and interobserver agreement were determined.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity of residual flow detection ranged from 84.6?% (2D-DSA and TOF-MRA) to 92.3?% (3D-DSA) and from 91.3?% (TOF-MRA) to 97.8?% (3D-DSA), respectively. The accuracy of occlusion degree evaluation ranged from 0.78 (2D-DSA) to 0.92 (3D-DSA, Cohen??s kappa). The 2D-DSA method presented lower performance in the decision on retreatment than 3D-DSA (P?<?0.05, ROC analysis). The intraobserver agreement was very good for all techniques (???=?0.80?C0.97). The interobserver agreement was moderate for TOF-MRA and very good for 2D-DSA and 3D-DSA (???=?0.72?C0.94).

Conclusion

Considering the invasiveness of DSA and the minor difference in the diagnostic performance between 3D-DSA and TOF-MRA, the latter method should be the first-line modality for follow-up after aneurysm embolization.     

三维数字减影血管造影在颅内动脉瘤诊疗中的应用价值

目的：探讨3D—DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊断和治疗中的应用价值。方法：对蛛网膜下腔出血患者常规行DSA检查，发现病变或可疑病变后行3D—DSA检查。结果：26例颅内动脉瘤中检出动脉瘤31枚，其中后交通9枚，C1段3枚，C2段5枚，C3段3枚，前交通6枚，大脑中3枚。椎动脉动2枚。3例2D—DSA未见病变3D—DSA确诊，5例因血管重叠3D—DSA排除了动脉瘤。6枚GDC栓塞，5枚手术夹闭，2枚颈内动脉可脱性球囊封阻术。结论：3D—DSA极大提高了脑血管造影检查的准确性和可靠性，为动脉瘤的介入治疗和手术夹闭提供了可靠保障，在临床诊疗中具有很高的应用价值。     

Three-dimensional reconstructed rotational digital subtraction angiography in planning treatment of intracranial aneurysms

We evaluated three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of 200 ° rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images for their contributions to improving the safety of endovascular embolization of intracranial aneurysms. Standard DSA and 200 ° rotational DSA were performed in 40 adult patients (aged 21–77 years) with 45 intracranial aneurysms. Information obtainable from standard DSA and 3D-DSA images about aneurysm shape and size was compared. In 40 (89 %) of the 45 aneurysms 3D-DSA gave additional information about the anatomy of the aneurysm. In 17 (43 %) of these cases aneurysm anatomy could be visualized better on 3D-DSA than on standard DSA images. In three cases only 3D-DSA images showed blood vessels originating from the aneurysm. Reconstructed 3D images were also helpful in visualizing partially clipped aneurysms. On maximum-intensity projection images it was even possible to depict previously embolized aneurysms. Blood vessels originating from the aneurysm are visible on 3D-DSA images, and even previously clipped aneurysms can be visualized well. Rotational DSA with 3D reconstruction is a helpful tool in the assessment of intracranial aneurysms. Received: 7 September 1999; Revised: 26 November 1999; Accepted: 26 November 1999     

三维DSA在腔静脉闭塞型布加综合征诊断和介入治疗中的价值

目的 评价三维DSA(3D DSA)在腔静脉闭塞型布加综合征诊断和介入治疗中的价值.方法21例下腔静脉(IVC)闭塞情况复杂的布加综合征患者经二维DSA(2D DSA)后前位检查确诊后,加做3D DSA检查.由2名介入放射专业主任医师采用双盲法分别阅读2D DSA和3D DSA图像以评价IVC解剖结构,并采用x2检验比较两者对血管的显示情况.根据2D和3D DSA检查结果施行IVC球囊扩张术或支架置入术.结果 所有患者3D DSA均能准确显示IVC闭塞端位置、形态、侧支血管开口及其空间位置关系,检出侧支血管起源于闭塞端9例;2D DSA能显示闭塞端位置、形态、侧支血管开口及其空间关系7例,检出侧支血管起源于闭塞端2例,两者比较差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为12.07和5.14,P＜0.05).仿真血管内镜成像显示IVC内游离血栓3例、附壁血栓1例.全部患者均治疗成功,1例并发IVC破裂出血,无其他并发症.结论3D DSA在IVC闭塞的诊断中能提供有价值信息,对腔静脉闭塞型布加综合征介入治疗有指导意义.     

彩色编码数字减影血管造影在定量分析化疗栓塞前后肝脏肿瘤灌注减少中的应用价值

目的 探究彩色编码数字减影血管造影(ccDSA)在TACE术中对肝肿瘤灌注的即刻变化进行定量评测.方法 回顾性研究了35例TACE治疗肝细胞癌病例.TACE术前后用相同参数采集二维数字减影血管造影(2D-DSA).图像序列均经二维ccDSA(2D-ccDSA)进行后处理.在ccDSA图像上测量感兴趣区域(ROI),得到时间密度曲线(time-contrast-intensity CI[t]),并获取肿瘤血供时间(TBST),曲线下面积(AUC)、最大强化值(CI-Peak)和最大上升斜率(MS)这些灌注参数来分析评估TACE前后顺行血流和肿瘤染色减少的程度.并对上述参数与主观血管造影栓塞终点(SACE)标准和临床结果之间的关系进行分析.结果 TACE前后灌注参数的比较有显著差异.AUC和CI-Peak在TACE术后大幅下降.TBST在术后较之术前有显著延迟.灌注减少30％～40％相当于SACE Ⅲ级,灌注减少60％～70％相当于SACEⅣ级.结论 2D-ccDSA可以客观地量化评估TACE术对肝肿瘤血流灌注的影响,为TACE术提供了定量评价动脉血流停滞程度和肿瘤染色减少的指标.     

三维数字减影血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断及栓塞术中的应用价值

目的评价三维数字减影血管造影(3 D-DSA)在脑动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗中的价值。方法采用TOSHIBA INFINIXCST数字血管造影系统,对52例确诊为脑动脉瘤的患者,栓塞术前及术中行3 D-DSA检查,其中39例行3 D-DSA随访,随访时间为2～23个月。结果 52例的54枚脑动脉瘤在术中3 D-DSA指导下完全栓塞38枚,近乎完全栓塞11枚,基本栓塞5枚,分别占70.4%、20.4%、9.3%。术中无1例破裂,39例的3 D-DSA随访中,36例完全闭塞的患者中动脉瘤内均无造影剂进入。结论 3D-DSA可清晰地显示动脉瘤的瘤体、瘤颈形态及其与载瘤动脉的关系,从而提高动脉瘤的检出率及血管内栓塞的致密程度和安全性。     

Anatomic features predictive of complete aneurysm occlusion can be determined with three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Complete occlusion of intracranial aneurysms is the goal of endovascular treatment and is influenced by several aneurysm-related anatomic factors. The anatomic features of aneurysms can be characterized by three-dimensional reconstructed images by use of rotational digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA). The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomic factors that could help predict complete endosaccular packing of cerebral aneurysms by use of 3D-DSA and to design a simple scoring system to predict the difficulty of achieving complete occlusion of the aneurysm. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with 47 intracranial berry (<12 mm) aneurysms underwent 3D-DSA. Aneurysms were subsequently treated by endosaccular packing with coils. The following aneurysm-related anatomic parameters were measured on 3D-DSA images: largest diameter, neck size, dome-to-neck ratio, shape, and relationship to the neighboring artery. The relationship between each parameter and the rate of successful treatment was determined, and a score used to rate difficulty of attaining occlusion (ie, difficulty score) was developed on the basis of the identified predictors of successful treatment. Subsequently, we assessed the correlation between the score and the rate of successful occlusion. RESULTS: Four anatomic parameters correlated significantly with the rate of successful occlusion: neck size (P =.014), shape (P=.042), dome-to-neck ratio (P <.01), and relationship to neighboring artery (P=.025). The difficulty score based on two parameters (dome-to-neck ratio and relationship to neighboring artery) significantly correlated with the occlusion rate (r = 0.63, P <.01). CONCLUSION: In this population, the difficulty score based on 3D-DSA findings provides useful information for prediction of successful endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysms.     

The utility of DynaCT in neuroendovascular procedures

The authors present 3 patients who underwent neuroendovascular procedures in which DynaCT produced by a flat-panel detector facilitated management of complications. As part of a combined CT/angiography suite, DynaCT offered the major advantage of immediate detection or exclusion of intracranial complication without patient transfer. The quality of cone-volume CT-generated images produced by DynaCT was sufficient to make a diagnosis.