鼻力宝胶囊抗炎作用实验研究

目的研究鼻力宝胶囊的抗炎作用。方法通过混合致炎液对小鼠耳肿胀、醋酸对小鼠毛细血管通透性的作用、蛋清对大鼠足肿胀的影响，观察鼻力宝胶囊的抗炎作用。结果鼻力宝胶囊能明显抑制混合致炎液对小鼠耳肿胀及蛋清对大鼠足肿胀、降低醋酸对小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性的作用。结论鼻力宝胶囊具有抗急性炎症作用。     

骨脉康胶囊的实验研究与临床观察

目的:研究骨脉康胶囊的制备和药理作用,观察骨脉康胶囊用于骨折、挫伤、骨质增生、腰腿痛、坐骨神经痛、类风湿、脑震荡、痛风等病的治疗效果。方法:选用大鼠和小鼠做以下实验,(1)对小鼠皮下血斑吸收的影响;(2)对大鼠血小板聚集的影响;(3)对小鼠耳廓肿胀的影响;(4)对毛细血管通透性的影响;(5)对小鼠扭体反应的镇痛作用;(6)对小鼠热板法的镇痛作用。选择本院门诊及住院病人作自身对照观察等。结果:骨脉康胶囊对血斑吸收有显著的促进作用;有显著的抗血小板聚集功能;有显著的抗炎、镇痛作用。对所观察的骨折等病种疗效显著。结论:骨脉康胶囊有补气活血通络,消肿行气止痛等作用,对相关病种治疗效果满意。     

中药止痛胶囊的抗炎作用研究

目的 :探讨止痛胶囊对实验动物的抗炎作用。方法 :分别观察了止痛胶囊对大鼠足跖肿胀模型、肉芽肿模型、毛细血管通透性模型、小鼠耳廓肿胀模型的影响。结果 :止痛胶囊能显著抑制角叉菜胶所致的大鼠足跖肿胀 (P <0 0 5 ) ;对二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀也有明显的抑制作用 (P <0 0 0 1) ;在抑制大鼠琼脂肉芽肿方面同样具有显著作用 (P <0 0 1) ;还能显著拮抗 5 -HT引起的血管通透性增加。结论 :止痛胶囊具有较强的抗炎作用。     

脑通胶囊对急性血瘀证大鼠血液流变学和家兔血小板聚集的影响

目的 研究脑通胶囊对急性血瘀证大鼠血液流变学和家兔血小板聚集的影响.方法 经皮下注射大剂量肾上腺素加冰水冷浴造大鼠血瘀证模型,观察脑通胶囊对急性血瘀证大鼠血液流变学的影响;采用家兔血小板聚集试验,研究脑通胶囊抗血栓形成的作用.结果 脑通胶囊可明显降低急性血瘀模型大鼠血液流变学主要指标,并可明显抑制家兔血小板聚集.结论 脑通胶囊可明显改善急性血瘀证大鼠血液流变学,同时具有抗血栓形成的作用.     

血府逐瘀汤对大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的：探讨血府逐瘀汤对大鼠血液流变性、血栓形成及血小板聚集的影响。方法：血府逐瘀汤7．6g／kg、15．2g／kg、30．4g／kg予大鼠连续灌胃7天后。观察其对大鼠血液流变性、体内血栓形成及由二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的血小板聚集作用的影响。结果：血府逐瘀汤高、中剂量能显著降低血瘀大鼠低切变率下的全血黏度；能显著延长大鼠颈动脉闭塞性血栓形成时间；能显著降低ADP诱导的血小板最大聚集率。结论：血府逐瘀汤通过改善血瘀大鼠血液流变性障碍，抑制血栓形成和血小板聚集发挥其活血化瘀作用。     

山楂叶总黄酮对缺血性脑卒中活血化瘀作用研究

目的:探讨山楂叶总黄酮(FMCL)对缺血性脑卒中的活血化瘀作用。方法:采用皮下注射肾上腺素造成大鼠血瘀模型,观察山楂叶总黄酮对全血黏度、血浆黏度的影响;采用体内电刺激血栓形成法,观察山楂叶总黄酮对体内血栓形成时间的影响;观察山楂叶总黄酮对ADP诱导的血小板聚集的影响。结果:与模型组比较,FMCL能改善血瘀大鼠血液流变学的异常变化,FMCL(60mg/kg、30mg/kg)明显降低全血黏度及血浆黏度,能明显延长电刺激所致的血管内血栓的形成时间,对血小板聚集有一定的抑制作用(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:山楂叶总黄酮通过改变血液流变学状态、降低全血黏度、降低血小板的聚集性、抑制血栓形成,使脑组织的损伤减轻。     

NORPIN—A抗炎作用的实验研究

对ＮＯＲＰＩＮ－Ａ的抗炎作用进行动物实验观察。用Ｗｉｓｔｅｒ大鼠、昆明小鼠建立二甲苯耳肿胀致炎，角叉莱胶性足肿胀致炎及皮肤毛细血管通透性增强三种炎症实验模型，观察ＮＯＲＰＩＮ－Ａ的抗炎作用。实验结果表明：ＮＯＲＰＩＮ－Ａ对多种致炎剂引起的炎性水肿和毛细血管通透性增高均有明显的抑制作用。     

老鹳草抗炎作用的研究

目的 :观察老鹳草的抗炎作用。方法 :选用多种炎症模型。结果 :老鹳草对小鼠耳肿胀、棉球肉芽组织增生、腹腔毛细血管通透性增高和抑制大鼠佐剂型关节炎均有明显抑制作用。结论 :老鹳草具有明显的抗炎作用     

1例胞二磷胆碱与维脑路通联合用药致过敏性休克的护理

胞二磷胆碱为核苷类药物,通过增加脑组织血流而促进大脑物质代谢,对促进大脑功能恢复和促进苏醒等具有一定作用。维脑路通（曲克芦丁）注射液能抑制血小板聚集,有防止血栓形成、对抗5-羟色胺、增加毛细血管抵抗力、降低毛细血管通透性、改善微循环等功效。     

散瘀消肿膏抗炎镇痛药效学试验

目的 研究不同浓度散瘀消肿膏的抗炎镇痛作用.方法 抗炎作用试验采用小鼠耳肿胀法和大鼠足爪肿胀法;镇痛作用试验采用小鼠热板法及光辐射热甩尾法.结果 中浓度散瘀消肿膏对小鼠二甲苯性耳肿胀及大鼠角叉菜胶性足跖肿胀有明显的抑制作用;对小鼠热板法和甩尾法致痛均有明显的镇痛效果.结论 中浓度散瘀消肿膏具有明显的抗炎镇痛药效.     

环扁桃酯对大鼠血液流变性及血栓形成的影响

目的研究环扁桃酯对血流变和血栓形成的影响。方法测定环扁桃酯高、低剂量组大鼠的全血粘度、血小板聚集率、红细胞压积、血栓湿重,并与正常对照组、阿司匹林组进行比较。结果环扁桃酯的高剂量组降低全血粘度的效果最显著,高切变率80s~(-1)降低率为19．5％,低切变率20s~(-1)降低率为26．2％;环扁桃酯的高剂量组使血小扳聚集率明显降低,最大聚集率下降了29．2％;与空白对照组比较,环扁桃酯高剂量组使血栓湿重明显降低。结论提示环扁桃酯是改善血流变及血栓形成的有效药物。     

Vitronectin stabilizes thrombi and vessel occlusion but plays a dual role in platelet aggregation.

The role of vitronectin (Vn) in thrombosis is currently controversial; both inhibitory and supportive roles have been reported. To monitor directly the function of Vn in thrombotic events at the site of vascular injury, we studied Vn-deficient (Vn-/-) and wild-type (WT) control mice with two real-time intravital microscopy thrombosis models. In the mesenteric arteriole model, vessel injury was induced by ferric chloride. We observed unstable thrombi and a significantly greater number of emboli in Vn-/- mice. Vessel occlusion was also delayed and frequent vessel re-opening occurred. In the cremaster muscle arteriole model, vessel injury was induced by a nitrogen dye laser. We observed significantly fewer platelets, lower fibrin content, and unstable fibrin within the thrombi of Vn-/- mice. To define further the role of Vn in thrombus growth, we studied platelet aggregation in vitro. Consistent with our in vivo data, the second wave of thrombin-induced aggregation of gel-filtered platelets was abolished at a low concentration of thrombin in Vn-/- platelets. Interestingly, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation was significantly increased in Vn-/- platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and this effect was attenuated by adding purified plasma Vn. We also observed increased platelet aggregation induced by shear stress in Vn-/- whole blood. These data demonstrate that Vn is a thrombus stabilizer. However, in contrast to released platelet granule Vn which enhances platelet aggregation, plasma Vn inhibits platelet aggregation.     

银杏叶和丹参提取物与单味银杏叶提取物对心脑血管的保护作用比较

背景单味银杏叶提取物制剂与丹参提取物配伍,可提高活血化瘀功效,进一步改善临床症状,加强对心脑血管的保护作用.目的比较银杏叶和丹参提取物与单味银杏叶提取物对心脑血管的保护作用.设计随机对照观察.单位湖北省医药工业研究院.材料实验于1994-11/1997-02在湖北省医药工业研究院药理毒理实验中心完成.选用SD品系清洁级大鼠160只,昆明种清洁级小鼠180只.方法以受试药物处理各实验模型动物,对其作用程度进行比较.分别进行心肌缺血(大鼠40只)、心肌缺氧(小鼠40只)、动脉血栓形成(大鼠40只)、实验性脑血栓(大鼠40只)、血小板聚集功能(小鼠40只)、急性脑缺血(小鼠40只)及脑缺氧(小鼠40只)实验.各个实验选择不同体质量的大鼠或小鼠,随机分为溶剂对照组,单味银杏叶提取物组(1.6g/kg),银杏叶和丹参提取物组(1.6 g/kg),天宝宁组(1.8 g/kg),每组10只.每日灌胃给药1次,连续7 d.对急性脑缺血的影响实验中另取小鼠60只,观察120 min内小鼠存活时间.主要观察指标各组实验动物的①心肌缺血发生率.②心电图消失时间.③血栓形成时间.④脑血管染料渗出量.⑤血小板聚集抑制率.⑥脑缺氧后小鼠存活时间.⑦脑缺血后小鼠存活时间及张口喘氧时间.结果实验采用180只小鼠和160只大鼠,全部纳入结果分析.与单味银杏叶提取物及溶剂对照组比较,①银杏叶和丹参提取物组的垂体后叶素致心肌缺血发生率降低(50%,70%,100%,P＜0.05).②夹闭气管后心电图消失时间延长[(7.00±0.62),(5.19±0.84),(4.42±0.83)min,P＜0.01].③电刺激颈动脉血栓形成时间延长[(17.7±4.4),(12.8±4.1),(8.8±3.7)min,P＜0.05,P＜0.01].④血栓诱导剂致脑血管染料渗出量光密度值减少(0.071±0.013,0.093±0.014,0.106±0.011,P＜0.01).⑤体内循环血小板聚集比率增大(0.65±0.14,0.53±0.06,0.45±0.09,P＜0.05,P＜0.01).⑥亚硝酸钠致急性脑缺氧小鼠生存时间延长[(29.6±3.9),(24.8±4.0),(22.2±2.2)min,P＜0.05,P＜0.01].⑦结扎颈总动脉后小鼠存活时间延长[(9.8±1.3),(5.5±2.2),(4.2±1.7)min,P＜0.01].⑧小鼠断头后张口喘氧时间延长[(17.9±2.6),(15.9±1.0),(13.5±2.2)s,P＜0.05,P＜0.01].结论银杏叶和丹参提取物对心肌缺血、缺氧以及脑血栓、脑缺血、脑缺氧具有较好的保护作用,并明显优于单味银杏叶提取物.     

拉西地平对原发性高血压患者血粘度和血小板聚集的影响

目的:研究原发性高血压(essential hypertension,EH)患者血粘度和血小板聚集情况及拉西地平对其影响。方法:采用前瞻性自身对照研究近年门诊EH和正常血压各40例,EH患者服用拉西地平6周,分别检测治疗前后全血粘度(WBV)、血浆粘度(PV)、血小板一分钟聚集率(PAG1)、血小板五分钟聚集率(PAG5)、血小板最大聚集率(PAGm),并与正常血压组对照分析。结果:高血压组WBV、PV、PAG1、PAG5和PAGm均明显高于血压正常组(P0.05)。结论:EH患者的血粘度和血小板聚集性增高,拉西地平能降低EH患者的WBV、PAG,从而降低EH患者并发血栓病的潜力。     

MRS2500 [2-iodo-N6-methyl-(N)-methanocarba-2'-deoxyadenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate], a potent, selective, and stable antagonist of the platelet P2Y1 receptor with strong antithrombotic activity in mice

The platelet P2Y(1) ADP receptor is an attractive target for new antiplatelet drugs. However, because of the lack of strong and stable antagonists, only a few studies have suggested that pharmacological inhibition of the P2Y(1) receptor could efficiently inhibit experimental thrombosis in vivo. Our aim was to determine whether the newly described potent and selective P2Y(1) receptor antagonist MRS2500 [2-iodo-N(6)-methyl-(N)-methanocarba-2'-deoxyadenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate] could inhibit platelet function ex vivo and experimental thrombosis in mice in vivo. MRS2500 was injected intravenously into mice, and its effect on ex vivo platelet aggregation and in several models of thrombosis in vivo was determined. MRS2500 displayed high potency and stable and selective P2Y(1) receptor inhibition ex vivo. Although MRS2500 injection resulted in only moderate prolongation of the bleeding time, it provided strong protection in systemic thromboembolism induced by infusion of a mixture of collagen and adrenaline. MRS2500 also potently inhibited localized arterial thrombosis in a model of laser-induced vessel wall injury with two degrees of severity. Moreover, combination of MRS2500 with clopidogrel, the irreversible inhibitor of the platelet P2Y(12) receptor for ADP, led to increased antithrombotic efficacy compared with each alone. These results add further evidence for a role of the P2Y(1) receptor in thrombosis and validate the concept that targeting the P2Y(1) receptor could be a relevant alternative or complement to current antiplatelet strategies.     

降脂口服液对高脂家兔血液流变性的影响

利用高脂饮食复制家兔高脂血症模型,服降脂口服液并检测血液流变学参数。结果显示,降脂口服液能降低全血粘度、血浆粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞变形指数、红细胞电泳时间及卡松屈服应力（Ｐ〈０．０５）,说明降脂口服液能改善实验性高脂血症家兔的血液流变性。     

Abnormal platelet function in C3-deficient mice

Summary.  Background and Objectives:  The complement system is a biochemical cascade composed of several plasma proteins that can interact with endothelial cells and blood cells, including platelets. In order to investigate the effect of the complement system on platelets, we studied platelet function in C3-deficient mice that lack complement activity. Method and Results:  Tail-cut bleeding time was prolonged and platelet aggregation in response to protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4) peptide was decreased in C3-deficient mice as compared with wild-type littermates. Platelet aggregation in response to other agonists (ADP and collagen) was similar between C3-deficient mice and their normal littermates. Isolated platelets from wild-type mice aggregate less in C3-deficient plasma than in normal plasma, and, conversely, addition of plasma from wild-type mice or plasma-purified C3 improved aggregation of C3-deficient platelets. We also monitored the formation of murine arteriole or venule thrombi in an intravital microscopy thrombosis model. We found that C3-deficient mice had a significantly delayed thrombotic response in arterioles as compared with their wild-type littermates. Furthermore, thrombi in C3-deficient mice were less stable and embolized more frequently than those in wild-type mice. Conclusions:  Platelets of C3-deficient mice have subnormal function, resulting in a prolonged tail-cut bleeding time and delayed thrombosis after vessel wall injury.     

Pentoxifylline regulates the cellular adhesion and its allied receptors to extracellular matrix components in breast cancer cells

Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative that improves blood flow by decreasing its viscosity. Being an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, it can thus reduce the adhesiveness of cancer cells prolonging their circulation time. This delay in forming secondary tumours makes them more prone to immunological surveillance. Recently, we have evaluated its anti-metastatic efficacy against breast cancer, using MDA-MB-231 model system. In view of this, we had ascertained the effect of PTX on adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells to extracellular matrix components (ECM) and its allied receptors such as the integrins. PTX affected adhesion of breast cancer cells to matrigel, collagen type IV, fibronectin and laminin in a dose dependent manner. Further, PTX showed a differential effect on integrin expression profile. The experimental metastasis model using NOD-SCID mice showed lesser tumour island formation when treated with PTX compared to the control. These findings further substantiate the anti-adhesive potential of PTX in breast cancer and warrant further insights into the functional regulation.     

糖尿病患者血液流变性的改变及其临床意义

本文报告50例糖尿病患者血液流变学及血脂生化指标的检测结果，同时检查了部分病例的血小板伸展功能。检测发现，糖尿病患者血液流变性明显异常，全血及血浆粘度增高、血沉增快、纤维蛋白原含量增加、血小板粘附率升高。电镜下血小板伸展分型改变，血小板表面活性与聚集性增高。血脂生化指标亦高于正常。根据检测结果，对糖尿病血液流变性异常的机理及临床意义作了初步探讨。