诱导型一氧化氮合酶、一氧化氮在脑积水大鼠脑组织及脑脊液中的含量变化

目的探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和一氧化氮(NO)在实验性大鼠脑积水中的病理生理作用。方法实验组SD大鼠36只,随机平分为3个组,用显微外科技术向枕大池内注入 25％白陶土混悬液,分别在第2、3、4周后行核磁共振检测,鉴定脑积水形成情况,之后24 h内取脑脊液和脑组织,用免疫组织化学方法测脑组织不同部位iNOS表达情况,硝酸还原酶法测脑脊液中 NO含量。对照组12只大鼠于枕大池内注入生理盐水,用同样方法检测。结果实验组共25只大鼠成功诱发脑积水。与对照组相比,实验组脑组织中iNOS表达率均升高,尤其是白陶土注射后第 4周脑室周围白质更为明显(40．65±4．06)％;实验组脑脊液中NO含量亦均增加,其中白陶土注射后第4周最高(51．37±6．48)μmol／L。结论 iNOS和NO可能参与了脑积水的病理生理过程。     

Maspin蛋白和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）在膀胱癌中的表达及意义

目的研究诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）蛋白和maspin蛋白在尿路上皮癌中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组织学SP法检测54例尿路上皮癌和18例正常膀胱组织中以上两种蛋白的表达。结果两种蛋白在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达与在正常膀胱黏膜中表达比较,均有显著性意义（均P〈0.01）。iNOS蛋白表达与maspin蛋白表达间存在负相关（r=-0.992,P〈0.05）,但与TCCs分级无关。maspin表达与浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌呈负相关性。结论 iNOS的高表达和maspin蛋白低表达是膀胱癌预后不良的指征。     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶及一氧化氮在肝动脉结扎大鼠肝损伤中的意义及高压氧治疗作用

目的探讨大鼠肝脏及血清诱导型一氧化氮合酶、一氧化氮在肝动脉结扎损伤中的意义及高压氧的治疗作用。方法雄性SD大鼠96只,随机分成3组:对照组(手术对照,肝动脉未结扎)、肝动脉结扎组(结扎组)和肝动脉结扎 高压氧治疗组(高压氧组)。每组分为术后1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d时间点。高压治疗于术后2 h开始,吸纯氧60 m in,2/日,检测肝脏和血清中iNOS及NO水平,血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT),肝脏常规病理检查。结果结扎组肝组织iNOS、NO水平7 d达峰值,结扎组7、14 d与高压氧组及对照组相比均明显增高(P<0.01)。血清iNOS水平7 d、14 d结扎组明显高于高压氧及对照组,结扎组3 d血清NO水平达峰值,3 d、7 d、14 d均较高压氧组明显升高(P<0.05)。高压氧治疗各组血清ALT均较结扎组明显降低,病理示结扎组肝细胞浊肿明显,有坏死灶形成,高压氧治疗组肝细胞未见坏死。结论iNOS及NO参与了肝动脉结扎肝损害过程,高压氧治疗改善肝损害作用机制可能为抑制iNOS及NO。     

异丙酚对慢性神经痛大鼠脊髓诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的 研究不同剂量异丙酚对慢性神经痛大鼠触诱发痛痛阈及其脊髓组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA的影响。方法 Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为四组,Ⅰ组为空白对照;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组结扎左侧坐骨神经。术后第7天,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组腹腔注射生理盐水50 ml·kg-1,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组腹腔注射异丙酚50 ml·kg-1或75ml·kg-1,每天一次共6 d。在术后第6、10和12天,使用Von Frey法分别测定各组大鼠触诱发痛痛阈,比较不同剂量的异丙酚对大鼠痛阈的影响。术后第12天取L4-5和L5-6节段脊神经节和脊髓组织,采用半定量RT-PCR法,对各组大鼠脊髓组织iNOS mRNA表达进行检测。结果 术后第10和12天,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组大鼠双侧的痛阈值高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);术后第12天,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组大鼠脊髓组织iNOS mRNA表达低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论 异丙酚通过抑制脊髓组织iNOS mRNA转录,降低其表达,而起到一定的抗伤害作用。     

复方丹参对大鼠脊髓损伤后细胞凋亡及诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的:探讨大鼠脊髓损伤后应用复方丹参对细胞凋亡及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的影响。方法:成年大鼠随机分为正常组、脊髓损伤后应用复方丹参组(组)和应用生理盐水对照组(组),损伤后不同AB时间点(8h、1d、3d、7d、14d、28d)处死大鼠,用HE染色观察损伤脊髓组织病理变化,原位末端标记法(TUNEL法)标记凋亡细胞,用免疫组化染色检测iNOS阳性细胞。结果:HE染色镜检发现脊髓组织病理学改变A组明显轻于B组。A、B两组均发现凋亡细胞及iNOS表达,神经细胞凋亡指数及iNOS表达均为B组>A组(P<0.01)。结论:复方丹参能抑制大鼠脊髓损伤后细胞凋亡及iNOS表达。     

严重烧伤大鼠胸腺诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达对细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察严重烧伤大鼠胸腺诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达对胸腺细胞凋亡的影响,探讨一氧化氮(NO)与胸腺病理损害的关系。方法将56只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(8只)、烧伤组(24只)、烧伤 硫酸甲基异硫脲(SMT)组(24只)。后两组大鼠背部造成30％TBSAⅢ度烧伤,伤后分别立即静脉注射等渗盐水、等渗盐水 SMT(7．5 mg／kg);对照组不予烧伤及SMT处理。两烧伤组分别于伤后6、24、72 h检测胸腺重量、胸腺细胞凋亡情况(原位缺口末端标记法)、胸腺iNOS表达情况(免疫组织化学染色法),采用体视学方法测定阳性细胞密度,每时相点8只;同时测定对照组相应指标。结果烧伤组大鼠伤后24、72 h胸腺重量分别为(153±14)、(91±22)mg,明显轻于对照组[(243±12)mg,P<0．01];烧伤 SMT组此时明显高于烧伤组(P<0．01)。对照组大鼠胸腺皮、髓质可见散在少量凋亡阳性细胞、iNOS阳性细胞。烧伤组大鼠伤后6 h胸腺皮质有凋亡阳性细胞及少量iNOS阳性细胞;伤后24 h时凋亡阳性细胞分布于被膜下皮质、皮髓交界处及髓质,iNOS阳性细胞广泛出现在小叶间隔内血管旁;伤后72 h时凋亡阳性细胞使胸腺皮质广泛呈现棕褐色;伤后6～72 h烧伤组iNOS阳性细胞呈进行性增加(P<0．05)。烧伤 SMT组大鼠伤后各时相点阳性细胞较少且分布不均,凋亡灶少见,未见iNOS阳性细胞。烧伤组大鼠伤后24、72 h凋亡阳性细胞密度分别为(2．428±0．728)×10-5／μm3、(5．586±1．233)×10-5／μm3,高于对照组和烧伤 SMT组(P<0．01)。结论严重烧伤大鼠伤后早期胸腺细胞凋亡率增加,iNOS在胸腺表达增强并促进了胸腺细胞凋亡;SMT则能部分改善这一现象。     

缺氧诱导小鼠神经干细胞诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达

目的　探讨缺氧对小鼠神经干细胞 (NSC)中诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)表达的诱导作用。方法　用含表皮生长因子的培养基原代培养NSC ;用免疫组织化学法检测在急性缺氧诱导下iNOS的表达 ;在每张免疫组织化学图像中随机选取 10个细胞 ,用图像分析系统分析经不同缺氧时间处理后平均灰度级变化 ,其灰度级均数间接反映酶表达强度的改变。结果　原代培养的细胞能连续增殖并分化为神经元及神经胶质细胞样细胞 ;行免疫组织化学检测 ,在一般培养条件下 ,NSC及分化细胞中iNOS呈阴性表达 ;经缺氧处理后呈阳性表达。图像分析缺氧诱导 10、3 0min与非缺氧组灰度级均数分别为 :15 8.7± 5 .95、12 8.4± 5 .73、2 0 0 .3± 5 .5 5。结论　用缺氧方法能诱导NSC表达iNOS ,其表达强度与缺氧时间呈正相关。第四军医大学西京医院全军神经外科研究所     

辛伐他汀预处理对脓毒症大鼠胸主动脉诱导型一氧化氮合酶及内皮型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的 探讨辛伐他汀预处理对脓毒症大鼠胸主动脉诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)及内皮型一氧化氮合酶( eNOS)表达的影响.方法 清洁级雌性Wistar大鼠80只,4月龄,体重200～250 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组:正常对照组(Ⅰ组,n=8)、假手术组(Ⅱ组,n=8)、脓毒症组(Ⅲ组,n=32)和辛伐他汀预处理组(Ⅳ组,n=32).Ⅱ组打开腹腔找到盲肠后还纳腹腔,缝合腹壁切口.Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组采用盲肠结扎穿孔法制备大鼠脓毒症模型.Ⅳ组制备脓毒症模型前经胃管灌注辛伐他汀20 mg/kg,1次/d,连续2周,Ⅰ组～Ⅲ组给予等容量生理盐水.Ⅱ组于假手术后6h处死动物,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组于盲肠结扎穿孔后3、6、24、48 h分别取8只动物,处死,取胸主动脉,采用Western blot法测定iNOS和eNOS表达水平.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组iNOS和eNOS表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组iNOS表达上调,eNOS表达下调(P＜0.05);与Ⅲ组比较,Ⅳ组iNOS表达下调,eNOS表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 辛伐他汀预处理可下调脓毒症大鼠血管内皮细胞iNOS表达和上调血管内皮细胞eNOS表达,对血管内皮细胞功能有保护作用.     

异丙酚对高血压大鼠胸主动脉内皮型一氧化氮合酶和诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的 评价异丙酚对高血压大鼠胸主动脉内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的影响.方法 SD大鼠,雌雄各半,体重240～ 280 g,采用皮下注射去氧皮质酮的方法制备高血压模型,采用随机数字表法,将64只造模成功的大鼠随机分为4组(n＝16):高血压组(H组)、小剂量异丙酚组(P1组)、中剂量异丙酚组(P2组)和大剂量异丙酚组(P3组).P1组、P2组和P3组分别静脉输注异丙酚20、30、40 mg·kg-1·h-13 h,H组给予等容量生理盐水.分别于给药前、给药1h、3h时记录平均动脉压(MAP).给药3h时处死大鼠,摘眼球法采集血样,硝酸还原酶法测定血清一氧化氮(N0)浓度,取胸主动脉,采用RT-PCR和Western blot法测定eNOS mRNA、iNOS mRNA及其蛋白表达水平.结果 与H组比较,P1组、P2组和P3组给药3h时MAP降低,血清NO浓度升高,主动脉eNOS mRNA及其蛋白表达上调,主动脉iNOS mRNA及其蛋白表达下调,且呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05或0.01).结论 异丙酚降低高血压大鼠血压的机制与下调iNOS表达,上调血管内皮细胞eNOS表达,促进NO释放有关.     

贫铀对大鼠睾丸诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因表达的影响

目的:通过研究贫铀(DU)颗粒气管灌注后大鼠睾丸诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)基因表达的变化,揭示DU对生殖系统的毒性作用机制。方法:W istar大鼠随机分为气管灌注生理盐水对照组和DU 1、3、5 mg组,每组5只。3个月后提取大鼠睾丸总RNA进行逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)。凝胶成像分析系统扫描RT-PCR产物,用内参半定量法分析iNOSmRNA的变化。结果:对照组无iNOSmRNA表达,各染铀组扩增产物电泳条带吸光度A值明显高于对照组(P<0.05),其中3 mg组产物电泳条带A值最高,5 mg组A值明显低于1 mg组和3 mg组(P<0.05)。结论:DU颗粒气管灌注能使大鼠睾丸iNOSmRNA表达水平升高,DU剂量增高到一定程度则使iNOSmRNA表达水平降低,这种变化可能与DU化学毒性和辐射损伤的复合作用有关。     

诱生型一氧化氮合酶在胆道感染大鼠肝细胞中的表达

目的　了解诱生型一氧化氮合酶 (induciblenitricoxidesynthase ,iNOS)在胆道感染大鼠肝细胞中表达的情况及其规律。方法　制作大鼠胆道感染模型 ,采用还原型辅酶Ⅱ黄递酶组织化学法检测大鼠肝细胞中iNOS的表达。结果　大鼠胆道感染 2h后肝细胞即有iNOS的表达切片积分光度(13 5 8± 0 6 4) ,与对照组切片积分光度 (3 5 9± 0 2 8)相比 ,P <0 0 1。 8h达到峰值切片积分光度(2 9 2 7± 0 90 ) ,2 4h至 48h仍有较高表达切片积分光度分别为 (19 47± 0 6 5 )和 (19 96± 0 78)。结论　胆道感染时肝细胞可持续高效地表达iNOS ,提示胆道感染时肝脏是合成NO的重要器官 ,并可能对胆道感染的转归具有重要影响     

诱导型一氧化氮合成酶在大鼠坏死性胰腺炎肺泡巨噬细胞的表达

目的通过研究诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)在急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)肺泡巨噬细胞(AM)中的表达,明确其在ANP所致肺损伤中的作用。方法72只成年SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、ANP组、N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)组,每组24只。逆行性胰胆管注射3%牛磺酸钠建立ANP大鼠模型。经支气管肺泡灌洗获取AM,检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中蛋白含量、肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平,AM分泌iNOS水平及iNOSmRNA表达情况,并行肺组织学检查。结果ANP大鼠AM iNOS的表达随时间进展而增强,同时肺损伤也逐渐加重。L-NAME组则恰好相反,与ANP组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论ANP发生后,肺泡巨噬细胞iNOS表达增强,并促进肺损伤。     

诱导型一氧化氮合成酶在迟发性血管痉挛中的作用

目的　以大鼠迟发性脑血管痉挛模型为基础研究诱导型一氧化氮合成酶 (iNOS)在迟发性血管痉挛发展中的作用。方法　 3 2只雄性SD大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组 ,实验组枕大池二次注血诱导迟发性脑血管痉挛 ,对照组枕大池注射生理盐水。第 8天行脑血管造影 ,枕大池抽取脑脊液测一氧化氮 (NO)浓度。逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR )法和免疫组织化学法测定并评价iNOSmRNA和蛋白质在基底动脉、大脑中动脉和皮质中的表达。结果　颅内动脉血管减影提示对照组颈内动脉颅内段、大脑中动脉 (MCA)明显变细 ,大脑中动脉中段直径 (MD)与镫骨动脉中段直径 (SD)之比衡量大脑中动脉的管径显示实验组MCA管径较对照组MCA管径减少 3 0 %。对照组脑脊液中NO浓度为 (11.70± 2 .62 ) μmol/L ,实验组脑脊液中NO的浓度为(5 5 .67± 12 .84)μmol/L。iNOSmRNA和蛋白质表达于基底动脉、大脑中动脉和皮质 ,其中基底动脉表达最强。 结论　iNOS作为迟发性脑血管痉挛发展中的关键因素参与血管壁的迟发性损伤。     

诱导型一氧化氮合成酶对同系大鼠移植肠运动功能的作用

目的 观察诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)对同系原位全小肠移植术后早期移植肠运动功能的影响.方法 分为对照组、移植组、L-NIL治疗组,每组12只大鼠.对照组行十二指肠造瘘术,另两组均行同系原位全小肠移植及十二指肠造瘘术,术后分别给予生理盐水、L-N6-(1-亚氨乙基)-赖氨酸(L-NIL).于术后2 d,各组取6只获取肠段行病理组织学检查,观察炎性损伤程度,并采用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学方法检测iNOS mRNA及蛋白表达水平.各组另6只行小肠传输实验,观测小肠传输功能.结果 移植组呈明显炎性损伤改变,iNOS mRNA及蛋白表达水平(1.278±0.142)%,(56.33±5.16)%较对照组(0.066±0.016)%,(9.17±3.17%)上调(P＜0.01),较对照组小肠传输延迟(P＜0.01).L-NIL治疗组炎性损伤程度较移植组减轻,iNOS mRNA及蛋白表达水平(0.588±0.096)%,(26.17±4.14)%较移植组下调(P＜0.01),且小肠传输延迟有改善(P＜0.01).结论 iNOS在术后早期移植肠炎症损伤及其引发的肠运动功能障碍中可能起重要作用.     

大鼠小肠Cajal间质细胞的体外分离、培养及鉴定

目的：探讨大鼠小肠Cajal间质细胞（ICC）的原代分离、培养及鉴定方法。 方法：出生后5~10 d的SD乳大鼠,颈椎脱臼处死。无菌条件下取出小肠,在解剖显微镜下剥去小肠系膜、肠黏膜和黏膜下层,将小肠平滑肌层组织剪成小块后接种于含有干细胞因子的DMEM培养基中进行培养。倒置显微镜下连续观察组织块周围细胞的游出情况及细胞的形态,用酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体c-kit特异性抗体免疫荧光染色鉴定细胞类型。 结果：培养1周后,倒置显微镜下可见组织块周围长出细胞,呈梭形、三角形,有多个短突起;随着培养时间的延长,突起细长化并彼此相互连接形成网络。该类细胞c-kit抗体免疫荧光染色呈阳性。 结论：该研究成功建立了一套由大鼠小肠平滑肌组织块原代培养ICC的方法,为ICC的生物学特性及其与胃肠道动力障碍性疾病关系的研究奠定了基础。     

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in muscle flaps treated with ischemic postconditioning

Background/Objective

Preconditioning has been considered promising for the treatment of ischemic flaps. In this study, the therapeutic effect of postconditioning was compared with that of preconditioning during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and a role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in postconditioning treatment was also explored.

Methods

Sixty rats were randomly divided into four groups with 15 rats in each group. Ischemic injury was induced in a rat’s gracilis muscle flap model. Preconditioning and postconditioning were performed respectively on the flaps in the pre-con group and the post-con group. No treatment was given to the flaps in the control group, and flaps without I/R injury were used as a sham control. Muscle viability ratio, histology, and gene expression of iNOS were examined at different time intervals (3, 12, and 18 h).

Results

A significantly higher survival ratio was observed in both the pre-con group (78.98 ± 3.39, 62.74 ± 3.7, and 54.42 ± 4.45 %) and the post-con group (77.42 ± 4.14, 59.74 ± 6.67, and 49.52 ± 4.13 %) than the control group (45.22 ± 3.69, 42.44 ± 3.76, and 33.2 ± 3.29 %) at 3, 12, and 18 h postoperatively (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the pre-con group and the post-con group (P > 0.05). Histological examination showed delayed and attenuated tissue damage in both the pre-con group and the post-con group when compared to that of the control group. A higher expression of iNOS was observed in both the pre-con group and the post-con group than the control group and the sham group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Significant improvement of flap survival could be achieved by both preconditioning and postconditioning treatments; however, better protection could be provided by preconditioning. The higher expression of iNOS may play an important role in the therapeutic effect of postconditioning during I/R injury.     

Expression of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in acute renal allograft rejection in the rat

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) synthases, particularly inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS), are induced in acute rejection episodes following heart, liver, pancreas and kidney allotransplantation. Furthermore, tissue and cellular injury has been demonstrated to be mediated by peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a metabolite of NO as well as a potent oxidant. However, a detailed relationship between NO, i-NOS and graft injury in transplantation remains elusive. METHODS: The present study used the following models of renal transplantation in rats: allografts (n = 5, Brown-Norway to Lewis [LEW] rats), isografts (n = 5, LEW to LEW) and allografts treated with aminoguanidine (AG), an i-NOS inhibitor (n = 5). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr) and urinary and serum nitrosocompounds (NOx) were measured on days 2, 4 and 7 post-transplant. Western blot analysis of i-NOS protein expression and measurement of i-NOS activity were carried out in grafts harvested on Day 7, along with immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations. RESULTS: In the allograft group, both BUN and SCr levels increased markedly on Day 7, in parallel with a sharp increase in NOx. A band stained by anti-i-NOS antibody was detected at approximately 130 kDa, along with high levels of i-NOS activity and diffusely distributed i-NOS-positive cells (macrophages). Histologically, an acute rejection episode was confirmed (Grade 3 according to Banff classifications). In the AG group, reduced renal function and graft injury were significantly less severe than in the allograft group. CONCLUSIONS: In rat renal allograft acute rejection, markedly increased levels of serum NOx were observed, along with enhanced tissue i-NOS activity, together resulting in graft injury. AG administration suppressed the increase of serum NOx levels, with concomitant mitigation of tissue injury and renal function impairment.     

Enteral resveratrol supplementation attenuates intestinal epithelial inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and mucosal damage in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis

Background/Purpose

The release of various enzymes including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) leads to enterocyte apoptosis through free nitrogen radicals, which in turn leads to impaired mucosal barrier and bacterial translocation with resultant sepsis in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Resveratrol, a polyphenol compound from phytoalexins with antioxidant and scavenger properties, also play a critical role in modulating key enzymes in cell cycle including iNOS. We therefore hypothesized that resveratrol would prevent mucosal damage in experimental NEC in rats.

Methods

Newborn rats were randomized into 3 groups: group 1 was left to breast-feed (BF), whereas group 2 (NEC) was induced by enteral formula feedings twice daily and by being subjected to hypoxia thrice. The third group (R) received the same treatment as the NEC group but the enteral feeds were supplemented with resveratrol. Rats were killed on day 4, and their terminal ileal samples were harvested for histopathologic analysis. Expression of iNOS was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis analysis and immunohistochemistry. Band densities were quantified by using the software NIH image.

Results

The epithelial structure in group BF was normal. In the NEC group, there were marked loss of the brush border, vacuolization, and necrosis. The epithelial structure was found to be preserved in group R. Western blot analysis revealed marked elevation in the expression of iNOS protein at 130 kD molecular weight (band densities in groups BF, NEC, and R were 0.3 ± 3.5, 3.7 ± 2.9, and 0.6 ± 5.1, respectively; P < .01). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that iNOS staining was significantly increased in the NEC group, whereas it remained minimal for the BF and R groups. Ileal tissue nitrate/nitrite levels for groups BF, NEC, and R were 178.3 ± 7, 191.4 ± 4.1, and 181 ± 3.6 μmol/(L·g), respectively (P < .01).

Conclusions

These findings may provide insights for the beneficial effect of enteral resveratrol supplementation on inflammatory conditions of the bowel including NEC through attenuating the release of iNOS and preservation of mucosal integrity.     

肝硬化大鼠小肠Cajal间质细胞超微结构及平滑肌细胞线粒体膜电位的变化

目的研究肝硬化大鼠小肠Cajal间质细胞超微结构的改变及平滑肌细胞线粒体膜电位的变化,探讨肝硬化胃肠动力障碍的相关机制。方法 20只Wister大鼠随机分为肝硬化模型组和对照组,每组10只,采用CCl4溶剂大腿根部皮下注射法制作肝硬化模型,用葡聚糖蓝-2000作为胃肠内标记物,观察大鼠肠道传输,透射电镜观察小肠Cajal间质细胞超微结构的改变,激光共聚焦显微镜检测小肠平滑肌细胞线粒体膜电位的改变。结果与对照组比较,肝硬化组大鼠小肠动力明显减弱(P0.01),透射电镜观察显示空肠Cajal间质细胞的超微结构发生明显改变,线粒体等细胞器明显减少(P0.01)。小肠平滑肌线粒体膜电位显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论肝硬化大鼠肠道传输减弱与肠道Cajal间质细胞超微结构改变,细胞器减少及线粒体膜电位的降低有关。     

抗氧化剂抑制内毒素性休克大鼠诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因表达

感染性休克时循环机能障碍的显著特点表现为进行性、顽固性低血压,伴对血管活性药物敏感性降低,以至组织器官灌注不足、重要器官机能代谢障碍,病死率仍高达30％～70％。休克时循环机能障碍所涉及的病理生理机制极其复杂,脂质过氧化物的堆积和NO的爆发生成是其中的关键病理因素之一。我们以往的研究中发现抗氧化剂能部分逆转内毒素休克大鼠的血管低反应性,为了进一步探讨其治疗学机制,本实验对抗氧化剂在内毒素性休克大鼠iNOS mRNA表达中的作用进行了观察。