联合检测血管内皮生长因子、腺苷脱氨酶在结核性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜炎鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)联合检测在结核性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜炎鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测34例结核性脑膜炎、29例病毒性脑膜炎患者血清及脑脊液VEGF的含量,同时检测各组中ADA的水平。结果:结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液ADA水平[(13.40±5.32)U/L]明显高于病毒性脑膜炎组[(6.84±5.13)U/L](P<0.01),结核性脑膜炎患者血清ADA水平[(17.12±3.62)U/L]高于病毒性脑膜炎组[(14.38±5.21)U/L](P<0.05);结核性脑膜炎患者血清和脑脊液VEGF水平[(59.1±21.5)ng/L、(120.1±52.6)ng/L]明显高于病毒性脑膜炎[(36.4±13.7)ng/L、(54.3±20.2)ng/L](P均<0.01)。联合检测脑脊液VEGF、ADA水平诊断结核性脑膜炎的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为94.12%,72.41%,84.12%。结论:联合检测脑脊液VEGF、ADA可以作为临床上鉴别结核性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜炎的有效指标。     

脑脊液γ-干扰素检测对结核性脑膜炎诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨血清及脑脊液的γ-干扰素水平对结核性脑膜炎诊断的临床价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测28例结核性脑膜炎、30例病毒性脑膜炎患者血清及脑脊液及31例健康对照组血清的γ-干扰素水平。结果结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液γ-干扰素含量为(327.3±86.8)ng/L,明显高于病毒性脑膜炎组[(38.6±14.3)ng/L](P<0.01),且重叠性很小;而两组血清含量很低并相近,与健康对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。脑脊液γ-干扰素诊断结核性脑膜炎的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为100%、97.8%、98.5%。结论检测脑脊液γ-干扰素对诊断结核性脑膜炎有较大的辅助意义。     

儿童感染性脑膜炎脑脊液C-反应蛋白和免疫球蛋白检测的临床价值

目的探讨患儿脑脊液(CSF)中免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)含量对脑膜炎患儿的感染性质的临床诊断价值。方法在治疗前分别采集细菌化脓性脑膜炎(化脑)患儿脑脊液42例,病毒性脑膜炎(病脑)患儿脑脊液43例,结核性脑膜炎(结脑)患儿脑脊液40例以及对照组儿童脑脊液标本(排除脑膜炎)41例,采用速度散射比浊法测定CSF中IgAI、gG、IgM和CRP含量。结果感染组中结核性脑膜炎、细菌化脓性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜炎组CRP水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),其升高幅度由大到小依次为细菌化脓性脑膜炎组、结核性脑膜炎组、病毒性脑膜炎组;免疫球蛋白水平除了病毒性脑膜炎组的IgAI、gG含量与对照组比较无统计学意义外(P>0.05),三个病例组的免疫球蛋白各项指标均高于对照组(P<0.05);同时结核性脑膜炎组IgAI、gG水平比细菌化脓性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜炎组显著升高,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对脑脊液进行IgAI、gG、IgM、CRP的联合检测,有助于对儿童中枢神经系统感染性疾病的鉴别诊断。     

结核性脑膜炎脑脊液γ-干扰素检测的临床价值

①目的 探讨血清及脑脊液中γ-干扰素水平对结核性脑膜炎诊断的临床价值.②方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测26例结核性脑膜炎和32例病毒性脑膜炎患者血清及脑脊液中γ-干扰素水平.③结果 结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液γ-干扰素含量为(564.8±89.5)ng/L,明显高于病毒性脑膜炎组[(98.5±24.3)ng/L,(P<0.01)];而两组血清含量无显著差异(P>0.05).脑脊液γ-干扰素诊断结核性脑膜炎的敏感性、特异性分别为86.5%、94.2%.④结论 检测脑脊液γ-干扰素对诊断结核性脑膜炎有较大的辅助价值.     

脑脊液胱抑素C和血清降钙素原检测在化脓性和病毒性脑膜炎鉴别诊断中的意义

目的 探讨脑脊液胱抑素C （Cys-C）和血清降钙素原（PCT）在诊断与鉴别诊断化脓性脑膜炎与病毒性脑膜炎的应用.方法 选取50例化脓性脑膜炎患者与50例病毒性脑膜炎患者为研究组,30例疑似颅内感染患者为对照组.收集治疗前脑脊液和血清样本,检测脑脊液Cys-C和血清PCT浓度.结果 化脑组脑脊液Cys-C浓度高于病脑组和对照组（P＜0.01）,病脑组Cys-C低于对照组（P＜0.05）;化脑组PCT含量高于病脑组和对照组（P＜0.01）.脑脊液Cys-C对化脓性脑膜炎的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为86.0％、77.5％、80.8％,PCT检测对化脓性脑膜炎的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为82.0％、90.0％、86.2％.两项实验诊断指标平行联合检测可明显提高对化脓性脑膜炎的诊断灵敏度（97.5％）.结论 脑脊液Cys-C和血清PCT可作为早期鉴别化脓性脑膜炎与病毒性脑膜炎标志物.联合检测该二项指标可提高鉴别诊断的效率,对化脓性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜炎鉴别诊断具有重要意义.     

结核性脑膜炎患者Cys-C水平与病情的研究分析

目的:探讨Cys-C水平对脑膜炎患者诊断及病情判断的作用。方法:选择脑膜炎患者100例为研究对象,根据疾病类型分为结核性脑膜炎组和化脓性脑膜炎组,并用50例同质个体作为对照组,比较三组患者病程中Cys-C含量的变化,及其与患者脑功能变化的关系。结果:治疗前后结脑组和化脑组患者脑脊液Cys-C含量均低于对照组(P<0.05),结脑组Cys-C含量高于化脑卒(P<0.05),化脑组Cys-C含量改变更为显著(P<0.05)。结论:脑脊液中Cys-C含量的变化是与结核性脑膜炎的病情有密切关系的,不仅可以用于结核性脑膜炎的鉴别诊断,对评估患者病情与治疗效果也有一定作用。     

脑脊液检查在中枢神经系统感染性疾病鉴别中的应用

目的探讨脑脊液检查在诊断中枢神经系统感染性疾病中的作用。方法回顾性分析194例脑膜炎患者的临床资料,其中化脓性脑膜炎61例、结核性脑膜炎66例、病毒性脑膜炎67例。患者均于入院时实施脑脊液检查,分析三组患者脑脊液检查结果并比较。结果化脓性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜炎、结核性脑膜炎患者白细胞计数分别为(14.1±4.0)×109/L、(7.2±1.3)×109/L和(6.1±2.1)×109/L。三组患者的白细胞计数比较,差异有统计学意义(F=3.682,P<0.05)。三组患者的总蛋白、白蛋白、Ig G、Ig M及葡萄糖、乳酸脱氢酶、乳酸、腺苷脱氨酶、神经元烯醇化酶水平的比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论对中枢神经系统感染性患者进行脑脊液检查,综合分析脑脊液多指标检查结果,对患者脑组织损伤程度判断具有一定的临床价值。     

检测脑脊液中乳酸脱氢酶及腺苷脱氢酶对鉴别脑膜炎的意义

目的 探讨脑脊液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)对三种脑膜炎的鉴别诊断意义.方法 检测结核性脑膜炎20例.化脓性脑膜炎17例,病毒性脑膜炎22例患者的脑脊液中LDH、ADA的含量.并与对照组进行比较.结果 化脓性脑膜炎组脑脊液中LDH为85.62±20.45μ/L,ADA为5.23±3.23μ/L,结核性脑膜炎组LDH78.92±22.39μ/L,ADA为14.68±9.53μ/L.病毒性脑膜炎组LDH为22.42±9.57μ/L ADA为3.38±0.96μ/L.     

脑脊液三项生化检测在中枢神经系统感染性疾病中的临床意义

目的探讨脑脊液中葡萄糖(GLU)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、乳酸(LA)3项生化联合检测在病毒性脑膜炎、化脓性脑膜炎(包括新隐球菌感染)、结核性脑膜炎中的应用价值。方法分别检测经临床确诊的病毒性脑膜炎、化脓性脑膜炎、结核性脑膜炎以及正常脑脊液中的GLU、LDH、LA含量,将所得结果进行统计学处理,并结合脑脊液的常规检测(包括蛋白质测定和白细胞计数及分类)进行分析。结果病毒性脑膜炎、化脓性脑膜炎、结核性脑膜炎的脑脊液中GLU、LDH、LA的含量有明显差异。结论脑脊液中GLU、LDH、LA三项生化联合检测对病毒性脑膜炎和细菌性脑膜炎的诊断和鉴别诊断有一定价值。     

脑脊液三项生化检测在中枢神经系统感染性疾病中的临床意义

目的探讨脑脊液中葡萄糖(GLU)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、乳酸(LA)三项生化联合检测在病毒性脑膜炎、化脓性脑膜炎(包括新隐球菌感染)、结核性脑膜炎中的应用价值。方法分别检测经临床确诊的病毒性脑膜炎、化脓性脑膜炎、结核性脑膜炎以及正常脑脊液中的GLU、LDH、LA含量．将所得结果进行统计学处理、并结合脑脊液的常规检测(包括蛋白质测定和白细胞计数及分类)进行分析。结果病毒性脑膜炎、化脓性脑膜炎、结核性脑膜炎的脑脊液中GLU、LDH、LA的含量有明显差异。结论脑脊液中GLU、LDH、LA三项生化联合检测对病毒性脑膜炎和细菌性脑膜炎的诊断、和鉴别诊断有一定价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.