低场MRI分级诊断膝关节软骨损伤

目的评价低场MRI分级对诊断膝关节软骨损伤的价值。方法回顾性分析60例(60膝,360处关节面)经关节镜证实的膝关节软骨损伤患者的MRI资料,以关节镜结果为金标准,评价低场MRI分级诊断软骨损伤的价值。结果低场MRI对膝关节软骨损伤的总敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为78.50%(157/200)、91.25%(146/160)和84.17%(303/360);诊断2~4级膝关节软骨损伤与关节镜无差异,对1级诊断有所差异。结论低场MRI对分级诊断膝关节2~4级软骨损伤的价值较高,而对1级损伤价值有限。     

关节表面骨组织轻度损伤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨关节表面骨组织微损伤MRI表现.方法 26例轻度关节创伤病例的MRI资料,肩关节5例,膝关节13例,踝关节8例.采用常规的FSE序列,矢状位及横断面成像.结果 26例中,10例MRI表现为单纯的软骨出现形态或内部信号异常,包括软骨表面锯齿状凹陷、波浪状缺损、压缩变扁.内部信号异常表现为低信号的软骨中出现较高的点或条状信号;6例表现为软骨下松质骨内出现异常信号灶;10例表现为骨和软骨损伤,软骨下骨损伤表现为骨皮质骨凹陷或皮质下骨松质条状或片状骨小梁撕裂和水肿.结论 关节表面骨组织微损伤包括单纯软骨损伤、软骨下骨损伤及骨软骨同时损伤,单纯软骨损伤可分软骨表面正常但信号异常、软骨表面不同程度缺损、全软骨压缩或缺损3种改变,软骨下骨损伤分为皮质骨凹陷和皮质下松质骨骨小梁撕裂2种改变.     

急性关节软骨损伤的MRI诊断进展

急性关节软骨损伤是软骨疾病中比较重要和隐匿的一类.通常是由运动损伤或外伤所致.在临床和常规影像检查中很容易被忽视.没有及时发现和治疗会给病人带来很大痛苦.因此早期准确的诊断非常重要.MR作为一种非侵入性的检查方法能够很好的发现和描述各种软骨损伤的位置和形态.笔者查阅了相关的文献资料,对急性关节软骨损伤的机制及MRI表现作一综述.     

兔自体松质骨颗粒修复关节软骨损伤

目的研究兔自体松质骨颗粒在膝关节软骨损伤处移植后能够诱导软骨组织生成、促进关节软骨损伤修复的现象。方法 12只新西兰大白兔麻醉后在兔的右侧膝关节股骨远端内、外侧髁负重区用电钻分别造成直径、深度均为3 mm的骨软骨缺损创面,取同侧髂骨松质骨,制成直径约为1 mm松质骨颗粒植入股骨内侧髁软骨缺损处,作为实验组,外侧髁软骨缺损不做处理作为对照组。术后12周进行膝关节大体观察、病理切片染色,评估关节软骨损伤的修复情况。结果兔膝关节实验组软骨缺损处被新生软骨填充,软骨面光滑,组织切片染色显示有关节软骨形成。对照组缺损创面仍然凹陷,仅在缺损边缘有少量软骨生长。结论兔自体松质骨颗粒在膝关节软骨损伤处能够诱导软骨生成,促进关节软骨的修复,是一种良好的关节软骨损伤修复方法。     

MRI序列及三维重建在膝关节软骨损伤的诊断价值

目的观察脂肪抑制三维扰相梯度回波序列（FS-3D-SPGR）、FS-FSE-T2W序列及三维重建对软骨损伤的诊断价值。方法41个膝关节关节面共205个区域进入研究,MR检查至少包括FS-FSE-T2W、3D-FS-SPGR序列,对损伤进行分级。在工作站上采用HDMIP进行三维重建,其结果与关节镜对照。结果3D-FS-SPGR序列对软骨损伤显示的敏感度为89．47％,特异度为97．65％;FS-FSE-T2W序列的敏感度为78．57％,特异度为94．71％。结论3D-FS-SPGR能准确评价关节软骨的损伤程度,但对软骨下骨及骨髓损伤不敏感;FS-FSE-T2W能准确反应软骨下骨及骨髓损伤的程度及范围,二者结合是目前诊断软骨损伤的最佳扫描序列。关节软骨的三维重建图像能够较真实准确地显示软骨损伤的部位与范围。     

创伤性三角纤维软骨损伤急性期的MRI诊断

目的利用ＭＲＩ技术，探讨创伤性三角软骨（ＴＦＣ）损伤急性期的特征，为早期治疗提供依据。方法选择２３例急诊经Ｘ线片确诊为桡骨远端骨折者进行磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）检查。Ｔ１和Ｔ２Ｗ１应用ＳＥ序列，对ＴＦＣ的信号密度进行评价。结果２３例桡骨远端骨折均同时存在腕部软组织损伤和ＴＦＣ损伤。ＴＦＣ两处损伤是急性期的典型改变。急性期ＴＦＣ损伤可涉及五个部分即中心、尺侧、桡侧、尺桡侧和整体损伤。结论桡骨远端骨折的同时也存在腕部ＴＦＣ的损伤。     

MRI对坏死股骨头关节软骨的评估

目的研究坏死股骨头关节软骨的MRI表现,以期用MRI表现反映关节软骨的受损程度。方法收集12例股骨头坏死（14髋）的股骨头直视观和对应的MRI表现及相应的X线片表现资料,比较三者在关节软骨的受累情况、软骨下分离及软骨下骨与骨分离的表现。结果相片中所有软骨均有受累,对应MRI中有11髋X线片没有表现。相片中有7髋表现为软骨下分离,对应MRI中有6髋、X线片为4髋。相片中有8髋表现为软骨下骨与骨分离,对应MRI中有8髋、X线片为3髋。结论虽然在软骨下骨与骨分离上有假阳性表现,MRI明显优于X线片,能更好反映关节软骨情况。但是对MRI的表现如何指导临床治疗还需进一步研究。     

MRI和关节造影诊断半月板损伤的比较

近年来，ＭＲＩ已经被越来越多地应用于膝关节半月板损伤的诊断，并显示出其无创性、操作简单和精确度高等特点。而膝关节造影曾被作为半月板损伤手术前的常规检查方法。我们对两者在半月板损伤诊断中的有效性进行比较，以提高对其诊断正确性的认识。临床资料本组均为因膝关节内障碍进行ＭＲＩ和关节造影检查，并且通过关节镜和手术最终确认半月板状态的病例。男２６例，女２４例，共５０个膝关节，１００个半月板。年龄最小１５岁，最大８０岁，平均３１．７岁。ＭＲＩ用日立ＭＲＰ－２０ＥＸ永磁型扫描机，场强为０．２Ｔ。膝线圈矢状位用…     

关节表面骨软骨骨折的MRI表现

目的探讨关节表面骨软骨骨折MRI表现。方法研究骨软骨均有创伤的29例膝、踝部病例的MRI片,FSE、EPI和GRE序列成像,常规矢状位、横断面成像,并分析MRI表现。结果29例共34处骨软骨及软骨下均出现形态和内部信号异常,包括骨软骨同时出现压缩断裂、断裂凹陷及不规则撕脱三种类型。关节表面皮质下骨松质内信号异常。结论关节表面的骨软骨骨折MRI表现可分压缩断裂、断裂凹陷及不规则撕脱三种改变,可同时有皮质下松质骨不同程度的骨挫伤。目的探讨关节表面骨软骨骨折MRI表现。方法研究骨软骨均有创伤的29例膝、踝部病例的MRI片,FSE、EPI和GRE序列成像,常规矢状位、横断面成像,并分析MRI表现。结果29例共34处骨软骨及软骨下均出现形态和内部信号异常,包括骨软骨同时出现压缩断裂、断裂凹陷及不规则撕脱三种类型。关节表面皮质下骨松质内信号异常。结论关节表面的骨软骨骨折MRI表现可分压缩断裂、断裂凹陷及不规则撕脱三种改变,可同时有皮质下松质骨不同程度的骨挫伤。     

距骨骨软骨损伤的MRI诊断及骨软骨移植术后的动态随访分析

目的 :研究踝关节距骨骨软骨损伤的MRI表现,评价MRI对距骨骨软骨损伤的诊断及分期的价值,探讨MRI对自体骨软骨移植术后的临床随访价值。方法:收集2013年2月至2015年3月治疗的距骨骨软骨损伤患者79例,以踝关节镜检查结果为参考标准,研究MRI诊断的准确性,并进行Hepple分期。其中15例行自体骨软骨移植手术,1年后行踝关节MRI随访,进行软骨修复评分(MOCART),分析术后MRI随访的价值。结果:79例Hepple分期诊断:Ⅰ期7例,Ⅱ期12例,Ⅲ期24例,Ⅳ期16例,Ⅴ期20例。踝关节镜分级(剔除Ⅴ期20例,共59例):A级2例,B级2例,C级4例,D级14例,E级22例,F级15例。将MRI对HeppleⅤ期的准确率定为100%,HeppleⅠ期对应于关节镜A、B、C期,Ⅱ-Ⅳ期分别对应D-F级。MRI对HeppleⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期软骨损伤的准确率分别为87.5%、85.7%、95.4%、93.3%。15例术后MRI检查显示移植区域的软骨面较平滑,骨质愈合良好,周围水肿消失。MOCART评分30~80分,平均(59.0±15.6)分,其中9例得分高于60分。结论:MRI对踝关节距骨软骨损伤具有明显的临床诊断及分期价值,MRI作为术后远期随访手段,可较好地评估术后骨软骨修复情况。     

Evaluation of intervertebral disc cartilaginous endplate structure using magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose

The cartilaginous endplate (CEP) is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage positioned between the vertebral endplate and nucleus pulposus (NP) that functions both as a mechanical barrier and as a gateway for nutrient transport into the disc. Despite its critical role in disc nutrition and degeneration, the morphology of the CEP has not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to visualize and report observations of the CEP three-dimensional morphology, and quantify CEP thickness using an MRI FLASH (fast low-angle shot) pulse sequence.

Methods

MR imaging of ex vivo human cadaveric lumbar spine segments (N = 17) was performed in a 7T MRI scanner with sequence parameters that were selected by utilizing high-resolution T1 mapping, and an analytical MRI signal model to optimize image contrast between CEP and NP. The CEP thickness at five locations along the mid-sagittal AP direction (center, 5 mm, 10 mm off-center towards anterior and posterior) was measured, and analyzed using two-way ANOVA and a post hoc Bonferonni test. For further investigation, six in vivo volunteers were imaged with a similar sequence in a 3T MRI scanner. In addition, decalcified and undecalcified histology was performed, which confirmed that the FLASH sequence successfully detected the CEP.

Results

CEP thickness determined by MRI in the mid-sagittal plane across all lumbar disc levels and locations was 0.77 ± 0.24 mm ex vivo. The CEP thickness was not different across disc levels, but was thinner toward the center of the disc.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the potential of MRI FLASH imaging for structural quantification of the CEP geometry, which may be developed as a technique to evaluate changes in the CEP with disc degeneration in future applications.     

Magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography accurately predicts resectability of pancreatic carcinoma

Accurate preoperative staging of pancreatic malignancy aids in directing appropriate therapy and avoids unnecessary invasive procedures. We evaluated the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in determining resectability of pancreatic malignancy. Twenty-one patients with suspected pancreatic malignancy underwent dynamic, contrast-en-hanced breath-hold MRI with MRCP prior to surgical evaluation. Results of this study were correlated with operative results and pathologic findings. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI with MRCP in detecting a mass, determining the nature of the mass, and predicting lymph node involvement and resectability were determined. MRI with MRCP correctly identified the presence of a pancreatic mass in all 21 of these patients. Following pathologic correlation, it was determined that MRI with MRCP was 81 % accurate in determining the benign or malignant nature of the pancreatic mass and 43% accurate in predicting lymph node involvement. In predicting resectability, MRI with MRCP had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 83%, positive predictive value of 94%, negative predictive value of 100%, and accuracy of 95%. MRI with MRCP is an accurate, noninvasive technique in the preoperative evaluation of pancreatic malignancy. Information obtained from MRI with MRCP including identification of a mass and predicting tumor resectability may be of value in staging and avoiding unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures in patients with pancreatic cancer. Presented at the Thirty-Ninth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, New Orleans, La., May 17–20, 1998.     

呼吸训练对肺部感染者接受磁共振检查质量的影响

目的探讨护士提前应用呼吸训练对肺部感染者在磁共振（MRI）检查中的应用成效。 方法选取2013年1月至2015年1月本院拟接受MRI检查的肺部感染者85例。随机将患者分为观察组和对照组,其中观察组43例,对照组42例;观察组患者中男性27例,女性16例,对照组患者中男性27例,女性15例。观察组平均年龄为（56.0±3.8）岁,对照组平均年龄为（56.4±3.3）岁。两组患者均根据病情需要给予基础护理和呼吸评估,观察组在此基础上,在MRI检查前120 min开始接受呼吸训练,比较两组患者MRI的图像质量及检查耗时。 结果两组患者均完成MRI检查,观察组患者MRI检查图像质量显著优于对照组（U = 3.85、P = 0.000）;观察组患者的图像合格率显著高于对照组（97.67% vs. 76.19%,χ² = 8.704、P = 0.003）。两组患者行MRI平扫,观察组患者耗时显著短于对照组（11.3±1.7 min vs. 14.2±2.2 min,t =-6.81、P = 0.002）。行动态增强扫描,观察组患者检查时长显著短于对照组（4.1±1.0 min vs. 4.1±1.0 min,t =-3.92、P = 0.005）。 结论呼吸训练能够提高患者行MRI检查时的配合度,从而减少由自主性运动引起的MRI图像伪影,提高成像质量,减少检查时间,对小病变的检出率以及临床诊断和鉴别诊断有实际意义。     

膝关节半月板和韧带损伤磁共振成像诊断

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)对膝关节损伤诊断价值和意义。方法行MRI检查并经手术或关节镜证实的病例27例,采用西门子公司1.5T超导型磁共振成像系统。均做矢状及冠状面扫描,层厚4mm。对8例有前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤和22个没有ACL损伤的膝关节,分别测量后交叉韧带(PCL)角和弯曲度指数,并进行统计学分析。结果23例31个半月板损伤,术前MRI确诊18例,24个半月板,确诊率分别为62.07%和77.42%。半月板损伤的MRI表现:①半月板内可见线条样异常信号影,延伸到关节表面(Ⅲ度);②半月板变小,内侧缘变纯;③半月板失去正常三角形结构;④半月板边缘凹凸不平,呈波浪状改变;⑤半月板外缘与关节囊之间距离增宽。在9例有ACL损伤的病例中,仅有5例术前得到明确诊断,确诊率为55.56%。PCL角和弯曲度指数测量结果在ACL损伤组和非损伤组间具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论MRI对半月板和韧带损伤绝大多数能显示损伤的部位和程度,但诊断半月板损伤时,应注意辨别易混淆的正常结构和有些容易漏诊的MRI表现;对可疑ACL损伤者,在观察直接征象同时,应注意分析间接征像。     

The value of magnetic resonance imaging geometric parameters in pre-assessing the surgical approaches of pelvic fracture urethral injury

BackgroundTo investigate the correlation between the magnetic resonance urethrography and the surgical approach and complexity for the patients with pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI) by combining the geometry with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsForty-three male patients with PFUI (part of the patients complicated with rectal injury) from January 2016 to December 2018 were analyzed in this retrospective research. All the patients underwent a delayed anastomotic urethroplasty and were divided into 2 groups according to the approaches (simple perineal approach or inferior pubectomy). For magnetic resonance urethrography, we measured and calculated the geometric parameters such as the gap distance between two urethral ends, the pubourethral vertical distance (PUVD), and the rectourethral median distance (RUMD).ResultsOf the 43 patients, 16 underwent inferior pubectomy and 27 underwent simple perineal approach. The numbers of patients with and without rectal injury history were 17 and 26, respectively. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss was significantly higher in the inferior pubectomy group. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that gap distance and PUVD were independent factors of the surgical approaches. The accuracies were 83.7% and 67.4% respectively in the ROC curve analysis. In addition, the RUMD was significantly shorter in the patients with rectal injury history (1.4, 1.8 cm).ConclusionsLonger gap distance and shorter PUVD were the two independent factors of the inferior pubectomy approach. Furthermore, among the patients with rectal injury history, the tissue posterior to the urethra was often weaker and should be carefully handled during the surgery.Trial registrationThis research has been registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. The registration number is ChiCTR2000030573.     

Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with and without Waddell Signs

Background Context

Waddell Signs (WS), introduced as a method to establish patients with substantial psychosocial components to their low back pain, carry a negative association despite no literature evaluating whether physical disease is associated with them.

烫伤早期脑水肿家兔脑组织水通道蛋白4表达与磁共振成像结果相关性研究

目的 观察水通道蛋白4(AQP4)在严重烫伤早期合并脑水肿家兔脑组织中的表达规律以及与磁共振成像(MRI)信号变化的联系,探讨严重烫伤早期脑水肿水的跨膜转运特征. 方法 将35只健康新西兰大白兔按照随机数字表法分为正常对照组(5只)及烫伤组(30只),其中烫伤组家兔均造成50％TBSAⅢ度烫伤(经病理切片证实存在脑水肿).伤后1、2 3、4、5、6h,烫伤组家兔(每时相点5只)行MRI颅脑检查并动态检测表观弥散系数(ADC)值;烫伤组家兔取额叶、顳叶及顶叶皮质,基底节区及小脑组织,采用免疫组织化学法及RT-PCR分别检测AQP4蛋白和AQP4 mRNA的表达.正常对照组家兔同上进行检测.对数据进行单因素方差分析,对AQP4蛋白与ADC值进行一元线性相关分析和Pearson线性相关分析. 结果 与正常对照组比较,伤后6h内烫伤组家兔MRI图像(T1加权像、T2加权像、扩散加权成像)未见明显改变,伤后4～6 h烫伤组家兔脑组织各部位中ADC值均明显降低(F值为0.492～2 271,P值均小于0.05).烫伤组家兔伤后2～6 h脑组织各部位中AQP4蛋白表达趋势大体一致,均明显高于正常对照组(0.164±0.022 -0.247±0.018),其中伤后3 h或4 h达高峰(0.237±0.042-0.306±0.026),F值为2.420～11.439,P值均小于0.05.AQP4蛋白在脑组织各部位的表达均与相应ADC值变化呈显著负相关,其r值为-0.489 - -0.337P ＜0.05或P ＜0.01.烫伤组家兔伤后各时相点脑组织各部位中AQP4 mRNA表达均明显高于正常对照组(F值为39.992～238.584,P值均小于0.05),伤后2h达高峰,且在脑组织各部位表达趋势大体一致. 结论 家兔严重烫伤后早期脑水肿(伤后6h以内)以细胞毒性脑水肿为主,AQP4可能在其形成过程中发挥重要作用.ADC值对于反映AQP4变化,进而无创、便捷评估脑水肿发展状况可能具有重要参考价值.     

胸腰椎骨折后部韧带复合体损伤中MRI诊断价值的探讨

目的 评估MRI对诊断胸腰椎骨折患者后部韧带复合体损伤的可靠性. 方法 95例胸腰椎骨折患者,术前进行棘突间隙触诊、X线片、MRI检查,其中MRI检查在传统的成像基础上,加做矢状12抑脂序列.采用后入路手术,手术中仔细检查后部韧带复合体损伤情况. 结果 触诊棘突间隙增宽41例,X线片55例,MRI发现韧带复合体损伤85例,其中棘上韧带损伤85例,棘间韧带损伤83例,黄韧带损伤26例;手术发现棘上韧带损伤82例,棘间韧带损伤80例,黄韧带损伤20例.触诊与手术所见无相关性,X线片诊断、MRI诊断与手术所见有明显相关性. 结论 MRI矢状,12抑脂序列是评估后部韧带复合体损伤的高敏感度和准确度的检查方法,可推荐为诊断胸腰椎骨折后部韧带复合体损伤的常规检查方法.     

Artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging of the spine after surgery with or without implant

Summary Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is often disturbed after spine surgical procedures with or without an implant. Artifacts are induced by ferromagnetic or nonferromagnetic implants and devices and by small metallic particles left by surgical instruments. All metallic artifacts can affect the quality and usefulness of postoperative spine MR examinations. The physical effects caused by the introduction of metal or other conductive materials into a magnetic field and their consequences are presented. The application to postoperative spine MR examinations and solutions to reduce artifacts are discussed.     

磁共振成像在深部肛周脓肿诊断中的应用

目的 探讨MRI检查在深部肛周脓肿诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2007年12月南京中医药大学附属医院收治的21例临床疑诊为深部肛周脓肿患者的临床资料.术前进行MRI体表相控阵列线圈检查;以手术结果为标准,比较MRI检查和术前肛门指诊在深部肛周脓肿的分型和内口检查结果.采用X2检验分析检测数据.结果 19例患者诊断为深部脓肿,1例诊断为骶前囊肿伴感染,1例诊断为骶前占位性病变(病理检查证实为黏液腺癌).19例患者共发现25个脓腔,其中坐骨直肠间隙脓腔14个,骨盆直肠间隙脓腔5个,高位括约肌间脓腔6个.单间隙脓肿13例,多间隙脓肿6例.MRI检查与术前肛门指诊的内口诊断符合率分别为12/19和13/19,两种检查方法比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.116,P>0.05);深部肛周脓肿分类准确率分别为25/25和16/25,两种检查方法比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.970,P<0.05);手术探查发现13例患者为单间隙脓肿,6例为多间隙脓肿,而MRI检查与术前肛门指诊多间隙脓肿准确率分别为19/19和13/19,两种检查方法比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.125,P<0.05).结论 MRI检查能确诊并定位深部肛周脓肿病变范围及其与肛管直肠周围括约肌之间的复杂关系;对指导手术排除肛管直肠周围潜伏病变具有确切意义.