竞争性内源RNA在原发性肝癌中的研究进展

竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA)转录本可通过与微小RNA (miRNA)竞争性结合相同的miRNA应答元件(MRE),从而解除或减轻miRNA对靶基因的抑制作用.近期研究表明,许多基因可作为ceRNA,通过竞争性结合相同的致瘤性或抑瘤性基因,在肝癌发生发展中起促进或抑制肿瘤生成的作用.     

长链非编码RNA作为竞争性内源RNA在食管癌中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)具有与DNA、RNA、蛋白质直接相互作用的能力,在基因表达调控中具有促进或抑制作用。大量的研究表明,lncRNA在多种肿瘤中表达失调,且对肿瘤的发生、发展具有重要作用。然而,lncRNA在食管癌中的作用机制仍然不清楚。近期的一些研究表明,lncRNA可与微小RNA(miRNA)结合,作为其竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA)发挥作用,调控其靶基因的表达,从而参与基因表达的调控。这为揭示lncRNA在食管癌中的分子机制提供了新的思路,也为食管癌的诊断、治疗、预后评估提供了新的生物标志物。本文就lncRNA作为ceRNA在食管癌中的研究进展作一综述。     

环状RNA与肿瘤研究进展

目的 环状RNA(circular RNAs,circRNAs)是一种不同于线性RNA的新型RNA,其广泛存在于各种生物细胞中.本研究总结了环状RNA的生物起源、作用机制以及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用.方法 应用中国知网和PubMed中英文数据库,以“circRNAs和肿瘤”等为关键词,检索2014-2016年的相关文献.纳入标准:(1) circRNAs的生物学合成;(2)circRNAs的作用机制;(3) circRNAs在肿瘤发生发展中的作用.根据纳入标准,符合分析的文献35篇.结果 circRNA是一类新型非编码RNA,共价闭合环路所形成的环状结构是它的特征.这类具有组织特异性的转录本主要来自宿主基因的外显子或内含子序列.尽管已提出circRNAs多种生物起源模式,但是对circRNAs的了解还只是冰山一角.circRNAs的表达与多种痰病有关,并且可能作为该疾病新型诊断或预后预测的生物标志物.circRNAs可以调节与肿瘤相关的miRNAs的表达,这种circRNA-miR-NA-mRNA轴可以调控与癌症相关通路,既可促进也可以桔抗肿瘤的发生发展.结论 深入研究环状RNA在肿瘤的发生发展中所起的作用,有望在肿瘤的诊断和靶向治疗以及顸后判断方面提供新的思路.     

微小RNA与人类肿瘤

微小RNA（microRNA,miRNA）是一类对基因具有调控功能的内源性非编码小分子RNA。目前认为miRNA在多种生物学过程中起着至关重要的作用,包括细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等。近年研究表明miRNA表达异常能导致疾病甚至肿瘤的发生,有类似于抑癌基因或癌基因的功能。因此,对miRNA的进一步研究为肿瘤的诊断和治疗开辟了新的路径。     

微小RNA与人类肿瘤

微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类对基因具有调控功能的内源性非编码小分子RNA.目前认为miRNA在多种生物学过程中起着至关重要的作用,包括细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等.近年研究表明miRNA表达异常能导致疾病甚至肿瘤的发生,有类似于抑癌基因或癌基因的功能.因此,对miRNA的进一步研究为肿瘤的诊断和治疗开辟了...     

微小RNA与肿瘤

微小RNA(miRNA)是一类小分子的非编码调控的单链RNA,它参与有机体的生长、发育等多种生理过程.近年来研究表明肿瘤组织具有不同的miRNA表达,异常表达的miRNA影响了肿瘤细胞的发生、进展、分化、转移和复发.miRNA的不同表达不仅有助于肿瘤组织的诊断,而且可以指导预后.针对miRNA为靶点的动物学研究也发现,干扰某种miRNA表达可以减小肿瘤体积,抑制腹膜转移而发挥治疗作用.     

微小RNA与肿瘤耐药

微小RNA(miRNA)对靶基因的异常调控可能参与肿瘤耐药机制,是肿瘤耐药性分子遗传学研究的重要进展及补充.研究表明,miRNA可能是肿瘤耐药网络性调控的重要组成部分,而且对多基因表达进行调控的能力使其具有高效性.因此,有望成为重要的肿瘤耐药相关分子标记物及治疗靶点.     

环状RNA在消化系统肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)作为非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)家族中的新成员,具有诱捕微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)、调控相关基因表达、参与转录拼接等重要功能.近年来,随着对circRNA的研究不断深入,其在诸多疾病发生发展过程中所发挥的重要作用不断被揭示.消化系统肿瘤作为发病隐匿且预后相对较差的一大类疾病一直威胁着人类健康.随着对消化系统肿瘤认识的加深,关于其分子水平的诊断和治疗研究逐步成为新热点.本文将就circRNA与消化系统肿瘤的相关性,以及其潜在临床价值做一简要综述.     

长链非编码RNA与肿瘤

长链非编码RNA （IncRNA）是重要的基因表达调控因子,它广泛参与多种生理及病理过程.近年来研究证实IncRNA与肿瘤密切相关,并显露出作为肿瘤诊断和治疗新靶点的潜能.     

RNA干扰与肿瘤基因治疗

RNA干扰(RNAi)是指双链RNA在细胞内特异性诱导同源互补的mRNA降解,从而阻断相应基因表达的现象。随着研究不断取得进展,RNAi作为新型肿瘤基因治疗方法显示着巨大的潜力．     

Long non-coding RNA MEG3 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate gastric cancer progression

Background

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as important regulators in governing fundamental biological processes, and many of which are likely to have functional roles in tumorigenesis. Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) gene encodes a lncRNA whose expression is lost in an expanding list of primary human tumors and tumor cell lines, however its biological role and regulatory mechanism in gastric cancer (GC) development and progression are poorly defined.

Methods

Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was used to determine whether aberrant MEG3 expression was associated with GC patients pTNM stage and pM state. Furthermore, the effect of ectopic expression of MEG3 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell apoptosis was assessed by using CCK-8, wound healing, transwell invasion assays and flow cytometric analysis, respectively, in GC cell lines HGC-27 and MGC-803. Moreover, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity of MEG3 on miR-181a was investigated via luciferase reporter assay and immunoblot analysis.

Results

MEG3 is decreased in GC patients and cell lines, and its expression was associated with metastatic GC. Furthermore, ectopic expression of MEG3 in HGC-27 and MGC-803 cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis, which might be due to MEG3 sequestering oncogenic miR-181 s in GC cells. Furthermore, MEG3 could up-regulated Bcl-2 via its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity on miR-181a.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that lncRNA MEG3, a ceRNA of miR-181 s, could regulate gastric carcinogenesis and may serve as a potential target for antineoplastic therapies.     

微小RNA与肿瘤

近年来微小RNA（miRNA）逐渐成为肿瘤研究的热点。越来越多的研究表明,miRNA已涉及到肿瘤的发生和发展,miRNA的表达与肿瘤的病理进程具有相关性,大约有数百个miRNA在肿瘤中异常表达,miRNA在不同肿瘤中具有时空特异性的表达谱。     

Integrated analysis of competing endogenous RNA in esophageal carcinoma

BackgroundThe Competing endogenous RNA (CeRNA) network plays important roles in the development and progression of multiple human cancers. Increasing attention has been paid to CeRNA in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA).MethodsWe explored The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and then analyzed the RNAs of 142 samples to obtain long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with different expression trends alongside the progress of ESCA. A series test of cluster (STC) analysis was carried out to identify a set of unique model expression tendencies. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to validate the function of key genes that were obtained from the STC analysis.ResultsThrough our analysis, 272 lncRNAs, 87 miRNAs, and 692 mRNAs showed upward expression or downward expression trends, and these molecules were tightly involved in cell cycle, pathways in cancer, metabolic processes, and protein phosphorylation, among others. Ultimately, we constructed a CeRNA network containing a total of 71 lncRNAs, 56 miRNAs, and 125 mRNAs. The overall survival (OS) was analyzed using univariate Cox regression analysis to clarify the relationship between these key molecules from the CeRNA network and the prognosis of ESCA patients. Through survival analysis, we finally screened out two lncRNAs (DLEU2, RP11-890B15.3), three miRNAs (miR-26b-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-324-5p), and one mRNA (SIK2) as crucial prognostic factors for ESCA.ConclusionsThe novel CeRNA network that we constructed will provide new novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with ESCA.