眼铁质沉着症的临床分析

目的:探讨眼铁质沉着症(ocular siderosis)的临床特点及治疗方案。方法:对我院2002年1月至2006年12月收治的64例眼铁沉着症患者进行回顾性分析。结果:56例手术取出残留的异物,其中33例异物最大长径≤2.0mm,位于下方睫状体扁平部或锯齿缘附近26例;眼眶X光正侧位照片联合薄骨位照片异物显影阳性率76.56%,超声生物显微镜(Ultrasound biomicroscope,UBM)异物显影阳性率47.62%;晶状体前囊铁锈沉着发生率100%,继发性青光眼发生率7.69%,视网膜脱离发生率13.84%;视网膜电流图(Electroretino-gram,ERG)karpe分期Ⅲ期占7/10和Ⅳ期占3/10;56例患者作了眼内异物取出,异物取出率100%,术中发现16.07%病例异物磁性消失。结论:眼铁质沉着症残留的异物以最大长径≤2.0mm为主,主要位于下方睫状体扁平部或锯齿缘附近;眼眶X光照片为首选的检查方法,UBM可作为眼前段异物影像学检查辅助手段;ERG改变以karpe分期的Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期为主;玻璃体手术是取出眼内异物最有效的治疗手段。眼科学报2007;23:231-237.     

眼铁质沉着症临床分析

目的 探讨眼铁质沉着症的临床表现和发病机制。方法 对因眼内异物引起的10例（10眼）眼铁质沉着症进行X线眼内异物定位检查，2例采用巩膜外磁性试验后牵引至睫状体平坦部吸出；2例晶状体异物行白内障囊外摘出合并后房型人工晶状体植入；6例行平坦部三通道闭合式玻璃体手术摘出异物，其中2例视网膜脱离行视网膜复位手术并注入硅油。结果 2例晶状体异物的术后视力恢复到0．5和0．6；其余8例视力未见明显提高。2例玻璃体视网膜手术，分别于术后6、9月取出硅油，视网膜复位。结论 眼内铁质异物存留所致的眼铁质沉着症后果严重，造成视功能的严重障碍，且异物摘出较困难，术后视力改善不理想。因此在临床上对有异物伤病史的患者，一定要排除眼内异物的存在，一旦发现眼内铁质异物，应尽快摘出，避免铁质沉着症的发生。     

Missed intraocular foreign body masquerading as intraocular inflammation: two cases

To report two cases with missed intraocular foreign body masquerading as intraocular inflammation. The first patient was referred to our clinic with a diagnosis of a traumatic cataract. She had a history of ocular trauma. The clinical examination revealed intraocular inflammation and a mature cataract. Plain X-ray did not reveal a foreign body. She underwent a successful cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation 1 month after the initial examination. Two months after the surgery she returned with visual impairment and intraocular inflammation. The foreign body was discovered on the surface of the iris during the follow-up. The second patient was referred to us for endophthalmitis. He denied ocular trauma. Plain X-ray, computerized tomography, and ultrasonography did not show a foreign body, but because of clinical suspicion, surgery was scheduled. In both patients the intraocular foreign bodies in the anterior chamber were removed successfully by a limbal approach. The patients remained symptom free after the foreign bodies were removed. The intraocular inflammation did not persist. A history of ocular trauma, unexplained intraocular inflammation, or intraocular inflammation unresponsive to the standard therapies should alert the physician to the presence of an intraocular foreign body. Further investigations should be performed in these cases to detect the foreign body.     

玻璃体磁性异物在经白内障切口摘出方法不可取

目的 探讨经白内障切口“钓鱼法”摘出玻璃体腔磁性异物的方法。方法 4例4眼磁性异物伤所致外伤性白内障、玻璃体腔内异物行白内障摘出，同时经白内障切口用电磁铁经前房吸出玻璃体腔磁性异物。结果 所有异物均一次顺利取出，术后5－10天4例均因出现并发症和玻璃体浑浊伴后脱离、视网膜脱离等而行玻璃体切除术。结论 经白内障切口“钓鱼法”摘出玻璃体腔内磁性异物的方法是不可取的。     

Copper foreign body in the lens without damage of iris and lens capsule

Purpose The objective is to report a rare case of asymptomatic penetrating injury with a copper foreign body found during an examination for cataract surgery. Method A case report. Results A 73-year-old woman had vision loss. Examination by pupil dilation disclosed a dark-brown metallic mass located under the anterior capsule of the lens, as well as nuclear sclerosis of the lens. Although no history of traumatic injury was reported by the patient, careful examination revealed a dot corneal opacity. This finding, and the past history of the patient that she had worked in the fabrication of copper wire, suggested previous penetrating injury. The iris had no scar. No inflammatory reaction was observed in the posterior segment of the eye. Phacoemulsification and implantation of an intraocular lens were performed. After continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (CCC), the foreign body was extracted with a microforceps. The anterior capsule overlying the foreign body was intact, with normal light reflex. Qualitative analysis showed that the foreign body extracted contained pure copper at the center. Nevertheless, visual acuity of the right eye improved from 20/50 to 20/20 without any copper-related retinal damage. Conclusion In this case, copper localized under the anterior capsule of the lens had been able to stay in the eye without causing severe inflammatory reaction.     

Siderosis bulbi nach intraokularem Metallfremdk?rper

We report the case of a 42-year-old patient who presented with unilateral loss of vision in the left eye. The clinical examination revealed retinal detachment and a low intraocular pressure was found in the left eye. Except for an extinct electroretinogram (ERG) and a siderosis bulbi in the left eye no signs of an intraocular body were detectable, either in the ultrasound B-scan or in the clinical examination. Pars plana vitrectomy with silicon oil tamponade was performed and revealed an iron-containing body next to the fovea which was removed without any complications. Despite an initially easily visible retinal detachment, a newly acquired siderosis bulbi in combination with ocular trauma in the clinical history should raise the suspicion of a residual intraocular iron foreign body, until this can be disproven.     

Extraction of magnetic foreign bodies from the clear lens

In 20 patients with magnetic foreign bodies in the clear lens, I closed the apperture in the anterior lens capsule by a fibrin cover after extraction of the foreign body. The lens remained clear in 17 patients; total cataract was formed in three. Two of these three patients had had a foreign body in the lens for a longer period of time, and at the time of the extraction the signs of lens siderosis were marked. The cause of the cataract progression in the third subject was not clear. There were no complications of operation or in the postoperative period.     

晶状体内金属异物1例

我们报道1例45岁晶状体内残留铁片伴轻微前葡萄膜炎症状患者。局部使用睫状肌麻痹剂和皮质类固醇后视力改善。6mo后由于白内障形成,视力严重恶化。而晶状体囊外切除联合异物取出术联合后房型人工晶状体植入术后视力明显恢复。本研究说明白内障人工晶状体植入手术能使保守治疗无效的白内障所导致的低视力获得良好的视力。     

曲安奈德前房内注射在外伤性白内障术中的应用

目的:探讨前房内注射曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)在外伤性白内障术中的安全性和有效性.方法:收集2013-01/2016-05的31例31眼外伤性白内障患者,行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除手术,术中联合前房内注入TA,以帮助辨识是否有玻璃体脱出以及玻璃体所在位置.13例13眼被证实后囊膜完整,无玻璃体脱入前房患者,行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除手术.18例18眼被证实伴有后囊膜破裂,玻璃体脱出患者行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合前部玻璃体切除手术.术后随访6~12 mo.结果:所有病例均顺利完成手术.Ⅱ期角膜穿通伤患者均顺利植入人工晶状体.18例前房内注入TA证实伴有后囊膜破裂、玻璃体脱出者,在TA辅助下,明显改善了术中玻璃体皮质的辨识度,均彻底切除了前房的玻璃体.术后随访28例患者术后最佳矫正视力大于4.5.所有患者术后眼内炎症反应轻微,均未出现持续1 wk以上的高眼压及角膜水肿,人工晶状体位置居中,瞳孔位置居中.结论:曲安奈德前房内注射使得外伤性白内障手术更安全,术中后囊破裂及玻璃体脱出的处理更容易,同时可以抑制术后炎症反应.     

眼前段微小异物UBM定位及异物摘出联合手术

目的：探讨眼前段微小异物的超声生物显微镜（UBM）定位的意义及异物摘出联合白内障摘出等手术的效果，方法：应用其他检查方法未能确定的12例眼前段微小异物，同时合并铁质沉着症，通过UBM检查，明确异物位置并采取异物摘出联合白内障囊外摘出，玻璃体切除，晶状体切除和／或人工晶状体植入手术。结果：12眼均顺利摘出异物，同期植入人工晶状体9眼中的8眼获得0．5以上良好视力，结论：高度怀疑眼前段微小异物，UBM检查是一种极好的定位方法：联合手术可使视力迅速恢复。     

Mature cataract and lens-induced glaucoma associated with an asymptomatic intralenticular foreign body

We report a case of mature cataract and lens-induced glaucoma associated with an asymptomatic intralenticular foreign body. At initial presentation, the patient had no definite history of ocular trauma. During cataract surgery, a metallic intralenticular foreign body was expressed with hydrodissection and easily removed with intraocular forceps. Postoperative visual acuity, ocular status, and electroretinographic findings indicated that the crystalline lens served as a natural barrier to irreversible intraocular toxicity.     

外伤性白内障合并眼铁质沉着症的临床观察

目的：对外伤性白内障合并眼铁质沉着症患者进行治疗观察。方法：18例B超及CT均未明确显示异物，分为2组，A组行白内障囊外摘出眼内异物摘出联合人工晶状体植入术：B组行玻璃体晶状体切除眼内异物摘出联合人工晶状体植入术。结果：17例术中发现并摘出异物，异物均极小，长径小于1mm。A组术后视力明显优于B组。结论：外伤性白内障合并铁质沉着症的患者应早期手术。     

穿孔伤性白内障伴眼内局限性感染的手术治疗

目的探讨穿孔伤性白内障伴有眼内局限性感染的治疗时机及治疗方案。方法回顾性分析10例10眼的致伤物、就诊时间、临床表现，确定手术及术后治疗方案。结果4眼前房有轻度炎症，10眼局部均有与角膜创口相对应处的虹膜后粘连，术中发现虹膜后表面有白色斑片状膜样物，晶状体前囊及前皮质呈颗粒状灰白色浑浊。涂片7眼见真菌孢子或菌丝，3眼细菌；培养2眼有镰刀杆菌生长。随访时间9月～2年，无复发。结论钝性物致伤后的穿孑L伤性白内障，应细致观察虹膜晶状体(尤其是伤道处)的表现，警惕感染的可能，应常规作涂片和培养，彻底清除可疑病灶。不宜一期植入人工晶状体。     

眼内异物伤眼内炎的临床观察

目的:探讨眼内异物伤眼内炎的感染因素、诊治情况.方法:收集256例眼内异物伤中42例发生眼内炎病例,从致病因素、微生物学检测及诊断治疗进行回顾性分析.结果:眼内异物伤眼内炎发生率为16.4%.眼后节异物及合并外伤性白内障的眼内异物伤是眼内炎发生的危险因素(P＜0.05).眼内异物伤Ⅰ期给予玻璃体腔注射盐酸去甲万古霉素及头孢他啶可以减少眼内炎的发生率(P<0.05).异物性质及大小、取出时间及伤口情况对眼内炎发生率无明显影响(P＞0.05).眼内异物伤眼内炎手术分级Ⅲ级最多.玻璃体切除手术是治疗眼内炎的主要手术方式.结论:眼后节异物伤及合并外伤性白内障的眼内异物伤是眼内炎发生的危险因素,Ⅰ期手术需处理白内障时尽量保留完整的晶状体后囊膜.建议眼后节异物伤Ⅰ期行玻璃体腔注射万古霉素及头孢他啶.一旦确诊眼内炎,尽早进行玻璃体切除手术.     

Intralenticular metallic foreign body: a case report

A case of retained intralenticular iron piece with signs of mild anterior uveitis at the time of presentation is reported in a 45 year-old man. His vision improved with topical cycloplegics and corticosteroids. After six months, his vision deteriorated grossly due to cataract formation. He regained good vision following removal of foreign body, extracapsular extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. This case highlights the conservative management of the condition till the patient develops cataract resulting in visual disability; and good visual recovery following cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation.     

Fluorescein angiographic findings in ocular siderosis

PURPOSE: To report a case of siderosis from a retained intraocular iron foreign body manifesting localized retinal capillary nonperfusion documented by fluorescein angiography. METHODS: Case Report. In a 35-year-old man with decreased vision in the left eye, studies included fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, visual field testing, and electrophysiology. Surgical foreign body extraction and histopathologic examination were performed. RESULTS: Preoperatively, in the left eye, humphrey visual fields and electrophysiology testing revealed marked depression. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated nasal capillary nonperfusion with occlusion of the second- and third-order arterioles extending along a gradient from the foreign body. Microscopic examination of the lens capsule confirmed the diagnosis of siderosis secondary to a retained iron foreign body. CONCLUSION: Extensive capillary nonperfusion may be associated with a retained iron intraocular foreign body, as documented by fluorescein angiography.     

Retained intraocular foreign body

The presence of an intraocular foreign body following eye trauma may not be readily apparent. Serous complications may include, inter alia, endophthalmitis, cataract, retinal detachment and siderosis bulbi. We report an iron intraocular injury due to hammering ‘metal on metal’, which was diagnosed using ultrasonic biomicroscopy and successfully removed. Two months postoperatively, unaided vision was 6/6.     

23G玻璃体切除系统在儿童先天性白内障手术中的应用

目的：观察23G玻璃体切除系统在儿童先天性白内障手术中的应用效果。

方法：纳入2017-11/2018-12海南医学院第一附属医院眼科收治的3～8岁先天性白内障患儿11例19眼,应用23G玻璃体切除系统从角巩膜缘切口进入前房,行前囊膜环形切除、白内障抽吸、人工晶状体植入、后囊膜环形切除联合前段玻璃体切除术,术后随访3～24mo,观察患儿视力、眼压及眼部情况。

结果：所有患儿均术程顺利。术中前房稳定,晶状体囊膜环形切除精准,人工晶状体Ⅰ期植入。术后视力均较术前明显提高。术后仅1例患儿眼压高于25mmHg,予以药物降眼压后控制在正常范围。随访期间所有患儿角膜透明,无前房出血,无瞳孔变形,人工晶状体居中、正位,视轴区透明,无明显并发症发生。

结论：23G玻璃体切除系统用于儿童先天性白内障术中创伤小,切除晶状体囊膜精准,术后反应轻、并发症少,手术安全有效。     

Posterior capsule opacification

Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO) is the most common complication of cataract surgery. At present the only means of treating cataract is by surgical intervention, and this initially restores high visual quality. Unfortunately, PCO develops in a significant proportion of patients to such an extent that a secondary loss of vision occurs. A modern cataract operation generates a capsular bag, which comprises a proportion of the anterior and the entire posterior capsule. The bag remains in situ, partitions the aqueous and vitreous humours, and in the majority of cases, houses an intraocular lens. The production of a capsular bag following surgery permits a free passage of light along the visual axis through the transparent intraocular lens and thin acellular posterior capsule. However, on the remaining anterior capsule, lens epithelial cells stubbornly reside despite enduring the rigours of surgical trauma. This resilient group of cells then begin to re-colonise the denuded regions of the anterior capsule, encroach onto the intraocular lens surface, occupy regions of the outer anterior capsule and most importantly of all begin to colonise the previously cell-free posterior capsule. Cells continue to divide, begin to cover the posterior capsule and can ultimately encroach on the visual axis resulting in changes to the matrix and cell organization that can give rise to light scatter. This review will describe the biological mechanisms driving PCO progression and discuss the influence of IOL design, surgical techniques and putative drug therapies in regulating the rate and severity of PCO.     

两种软性材质可折叠IOL在剥脱综合征性白内障患者中临床应用

目的:研讨剥脱综合征性白内障植入Acrysof Natural和硅胶人工晶状体的效果。方法:选择无青光眼发作史的剥脱综合征性白内障65例70眼行超声乳化吸出白内障,无术中并发症60例63眼。其中30例33眼用植入器植入Acrysof Natural人工晶状体;另30例30眼用植入器植入硅胶(silicone)人工晶状体。统计植入术中并发症;术后1d,1wk,3mo,1a的视力、眼压、前房情况、人工晶状体稳定性。结果:Acrysof Natural在植入过程中展开慢,可控性好,在剥脱综合征患者瞳孔不易散大情况下仍能顺利植入,无并发症。对照组硅胶人工晶状体展开时弹射快,有7眼植入过程中发生翻转,在部分悬韧带不健全的病例同时因瞳孔缩小不易观察和控制,造成5眼植入时袢划破后囊膜(16.6%)。1枚弹入玻璃体,取出后改睫状沟植入。术后视力对后囊破裂者不列入正常统计。结论:选择Acrysof Natural人工晶状体单体、袢宽软、植入过程中展开慢、好控制、可避免植入过程并发症。其光学部分相对薄、稳定性好、前房相对较深。组织相容性好,术后反应轻。