射频消融术治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的临床疗效分析

目的分析射频消融术治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的临床疗效。方法选择我院2010年3月—2013年3月收治的阵发性室上性心动过速患者180例,采用随机分层法将其分成对照组和观察组,各90例。对照组患者给予常规药物保守治疗,观察组患者给予射频消融术治疗,比较两组患者治疗效果、并发症发生率及复发率。结果观察组治疗总有效率为88.9%(80/90),高于对照组的66.7%(60/90)(P0.05);并发症发生率为5.6%(5/90)、复发率为0,低于对照组的26.7%(24/90)、40.0%(36/90)(P0.05)。结论射频消融术治疗阵发性室上性心动过速疗效较好,且术后并发症发生率及复发率较低,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

地市级医院射频消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速质量控制的体会

对５７例阵发性室上性心动过速病人进行射频消融治疗，其中房室旁道４１例（４３条旁道），房室结双径路１６例。成功率９８．２５％，无严重并发症发生。旁道消融无复发病例，房室结改良成功１５例中２例复发，均经再次消融成功。对射频消融初期的质量控制有以下做法：①加强心脏电生理理论学习，进行专业队伍建设。②完善必要设备。③根据设备条件严格掌握适应证和治疗终点。④消融前进行系统电生理检查，避免先入为主。体会：开展工作时以高起点要求可以使工作进展顺利并有利于技术操作规范化和专业队伍建设     

"Sequential" Mapping Mimicking "Simultaneous" Mapping Using Magnetic Navigation During Catheter Ablation of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Results of the Single DX Study

Introduction: The magnetic navigation system (MNS) allows remote-controlled navigation of an ablation catheter from the control room. We tested the hypothesis, whether the MNS and a single additional diagnostic nonsteerable catheter would have the potential to identify the tachycardia substrate and allow subsequent ablation in patients with documented supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).
Methods and Results: A total of 41 patients (24 females, age 45 ± 16 years) underwent an invasive electrophysiologic (EP) study using the MNS. Together with a conventional diagnostic catheter in the right ventricle, the magnetic catheter (MC) was used to investigate the underlying EP substrate in a sequential fashion and subsequently to perform radiofrequency (RF) ablation. A custom-made device allowed the separate assessment of fluoroscopy deployed from the control and examination room. Using conventional EP criteria, identification of the underlying substrate was possible in all but 4 noninducible patients (no accessory pathway [AP], no dual atrioventricular [AV] node): APs were present in 10 patients, AV node re-entrant tachycardia in 26 patients, and ectopic atrial tachycardia in 1 patient. Despite 3 patients, in which switching to conventional ablation was necessary (8%), all others were successfully treated using the MNS. Overall fluoroscopy amounted to a median of 3.4 minutes (interquartile range, 2.4–5.3) with only a median of 1.0 minute exposure for the investigator.
Conclusions: Remote catheter ablation of SVT using the new MNS Niobe and a single conventional diagnostic catheter is feasible. Compared to conventional EP studies, a reduction of radiation exposure for both patients and investigators was demonstrated.     

室上性心动过速患者射频导管消融术后心率变异的变化

目的：观察射频导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）术后室上性心动过速（室上速）患者心率变异的变化,并探讨其相关因素。 方法：１３３例室上速患者根据电生理检查证实后将其分为左侧旁道组７８例,右侧旁道组１３例,房室结双径路组４２例,并于术前、术后３天内分别采样５分心电图,经计算机处理得到心率变异时域和频域结果。为探讨心率变异变化的相关因素又对９３例患者心率变异变化与消融总能量等进一步进行相关分析。 结果：①术后３天内采样５分心电图与术前相比平均心率,最快、最慢心率均升高,窦性ＲＲ间期标准差及低频、高频、总频谱功率下降,低频、高频功率比较术前无显著变化。②心率变异变化与消融总能量、放电次数、单次放电最大能量、放电时间及Ｘ线照射时间均无显著相关。 结论：射频导管消融可能同时损伤了支配心脏的交感、迷走神经,且以迷走神经为主,导致其对窦房结的神经调节减弱,这种损伤可能受到多种因素的影响。     

特发性室性心动过速的射频消融

目的:对经射频消融术证实的特发性室性心动过速的病例进行总结分析,探讨室性心动过速的发病状况、心电图特点、消融靶点的确定及消融结果。方法:对68 例特发性室性心动过速的起源部位和体表心电图进行分析,所有患者在诱发出室性心动过速后进行射频消融治疗,观察特发性室性心动过速的射频消融成功率和复发率以及它们和消融靶点的关系。结果:本组特发性室性心动过速患者中右室室性心动过速较左室室性心动过速多见。右室特发性室性心动过速心电图表现为左束支传导阻滞,左室特发性室性心动过速心电图则多表现为右束支传导阻滞。消融靶点的确定右室特发性室性心动过速主要采用起搏标测法,左室特发性室性心动过速主要采用激动顺序标测法。右室流出道室速组在起搏标测时起搏ECG和VT时ECG的12导联QRS波完全相同处消融成功率较高。结论:室性心动过速发作时的体表心电图可初步估计特发性室性心动过速的起源部位,射频消融术治疗特发性室性心动过速成功率高,并发症少。     

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of AtypicalAtrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Ablation of Atypical Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia, Introduction: Published reports of radiofrequency ablation of atypical atrioventricular nodal reentranttacbycardia (AVNRT) have been limited. We present our experience in 10 consecutive patientswith atypical AVNRT wbo underwent radiofrequency ablation of the "slow" AV nodal pathway.
Methods and Resttlts: there were 9 females and 1 male; their mean age was 44 ± 19 years (± SD), the mean AVNRT cycle length and ventriculoatrial (VA) interval at the His positionduring AVNRT were 340 ± 50 msec and 200 ± 70 msec, respectively. the slow pathway wassuccessfully ablated in all patients with a mean of 10 ± 7 radiofrequency energy applications inthe posteroseptal right atritim near the coronary sinus os. The mean procedure duration was 100 ± 35 minutes. There were no complications. In 4 patients, target sites were identified during sinus rhythm by mapping for possible slow pathway potentials, In the other 6 patients, target sites were identified by mapping retrograde atrial activation during AVNRT or ventricularpacing, The VA times at successful target sites were a mean of 45 ± 30 msec less tban the VAtime at the His cathetcr during AVNRT, There were no differences in success rate, number ofradiofrequency energy applications, or procedure duration between patients in whom mappingwas guided by possible slow pathway potentials or by retrograde atrial activation, During 6 ± 3 months of followup, 1 patient bad a recurrence of atypical AVNRT and underwent a secondablation procedure, which was successful.
Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation of atypical AVNRT can be safely and effectivelyaccomplisbed when target sites are identified based either on possible slow pathway potentialsduring sinus rbytbm or retrograde atrial activation times during tachycardia.     

P Wave Dispersion Predicts Recurrence of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia Treated with Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

Background: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) recurs in up to one‐third of patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) treated with slow pathway ablation. Therefore, identification of patients at risk for recurrence of AF after slow pathway ablation is important because of the necessity for additional therapies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether successful slow pathway ablation influences P wave parameters and whether these parameters predict the recurrence of paroxysmal AF in patients with both AVNRT and paroxysmal AF after ablation. Methods: Thirty‐six patients with AVNRT and documented paroxysmal AF (Group 1) were compared to 36 age‐matched controls with AVNRT only (Group 2). P wave durations and P dispersion were measured before and after ablation. Results: No significant differences were observed between P wave parameters observed before and after ablation. Maximum P wave durations (Pmax) and P dispersion (Pdisp) were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (P < 0.001 for both) whereas minimum P wave durations did not differ between groups, both before and after ablation. Ten patients (28%) in Group‐1 had recurrence of AF during a mean follow‐up of 34 ± 11 months. Univariate predictors of AF recurrence were Pdisp ≥35.5 ms (P < 0.010), left atrial diameter >40 mm (P < 0.010), mitral or aortic calcification (P < 0.010), Pmax ≥112 ms (P < 0.050), valvular heart disease (P < 0.050), and atrial vulnerability (induction of AF lasting >30 second) after ablation (P < 0.050). However, only Pdisp ≥35.5 ms (P < 0.050) and left atrial diameter >40 mm (P < 0.010) were independent predictors of AF recurrences. Conclusion: This study suggests that P wave dispersion could identify patients with AVNRT susceptible to recurrence of AF after slow pathway ablation.     

房室折返性心动过速合并阵发性心房颤动的射频导管消融策略

目的探讨房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）合并阵发性心房颤动的射频导管消融（下称消融）策略。方法对经电生理检查证实的AVRT患者15例行旁道消融术,其中男性9例,女性6例,并对术后心房颤动的转归进行12～36个月的随访,观察心房颤动发生、持续时间、有无心律失常等情况。结果13例未再发生心房颤动,2例有严重器质性心脏病的患者仍有阵发性心房颤动复发,但发作次数明显减少,口服胺碘酮可控制症状。1例动态心电图示频发房性期前收缩。结论AVRT与阵发性心房颤动发生率增高密切相关,AVRT是心房颤动的触发因素。旁道消融后,阵发性心房颤动可明显改善,未改善者与心房扩大等心房基质未改善有关。     

射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速80例体会

用射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速80例.其中,房室折返性心动过速64例(65条旁路),56条左侧旁路中52条(92.9%)和9条右侧旁路中7条(77.8%)被阻断.14例房室结折返性心动过速(消融慢径)及2例房性心动过速和心房纤颤(消融房室结)均成功.比较初期30例和以后34例房室旁路病人的消融,显示了射频消融术开展过程中的学习曲线.此外,本文对预激综合征体表心电图旁路定位误差的原因,作了初步探讨.     

Anterior Q-Wave Infarction Complicating Attempted Catheter Electrode Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia

This report describes an attempt to treat recurrent ventricular tachycardia by catheter electrode ablation. The procedure failed to control the arrhythmia and resulted in a Q-wave anteroseptal myocardial infarction. The potential complications of catheter electrode ablation in the normal ventricle are emphasized.     

三维标测指导下的阵发性室上性心动过速射频消融

目的探讨与常规标测相比。三维标测指导下的阵发性室上性心动过速射频消融的可行性、安全性与优势。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至8月,在宁波市第一医院行射频消融术的阵发性室上性心动过速的患者114例,按照标测方法分为三维标测组与常规标测组,比较两组间的射频消融成功率、并发症发生率、手术时间、x线曝光时间与x线曝光量。结果两组所有手术均获得即刻成功,均无并发症发生。两组的手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义[（77．6±28．1）min vs.（70．4±23．2）min,P〉0．05]。三维标测组的x线曝光时间与x线曝光量均显著低于常规标测组（中位数：4．2minvs．15．4min,P〈0．01;中位数：11．0mGyvs76．7mGy,P〈0．01）,差异有统计学意义。结论阵发性室上性心动过速的射频消融术与常规标测相比,采用三维标测指导具有相同的成功率与安全性,并不延长手术时间,且能显著减少x线曝光时间与x线曝光量。     

Autonomic Dysfunction After Catheter Ablation

Autonomic Dysfunction After Catheter Ablation. Autonomic dysfunction may occur as a consequence of radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of a variety of supraventricular tachycardias, Effects suggestive of autonomic dysfunction that may be seen acutely during the ablation procedure include sudden profound slowing of the sinus rate or transient AV block. These abnormalities may occur during application of RF current, typically along the tricuspid or mitral annulus, at sites distant from both the sinus and AV nodes; they resolve quickly when RF current delivery is terminated. The most common long-term indication of autonomic dysfunction after ablation is inappropriate sinus tachycardia. This complication, rarely a lasting significant clinical problem, is seen after AV node modification and after ablation of accessory pathways. It usually resolves within several months. The mechanism appears to be loss of parasympathetic influence on the sinus node. Autonomic dysfunction after ablation of ventricular tachycardia bas not yet been described, but could occur as newer catheter technologies capable of producing larger lesions are perfected.     

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Using Non-Contact Mapping for Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia

INTRODUCTION: In this report we describe our experience using non-contact mapping for radiofrequency ablation in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two female patients with persistent complaints of palpitations and documented inappropriate sinus tachycardia with failed medical management underwent radiofrequency ablation using non-contact mapping. Non-contact mapping provided a continuous determination of the site of earliest breakthrough, facilitating the delivery and the assessment of the results of each radiofrequency application. CONCLUSION: Non-contact mapping is an effective mapping modality in the interventional treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia.     

Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia with a Saline-Cooled Radiofrequency Catheter:

INTRODUCTION: In animal models, active cooling of the electrode during radiofrequency (RF) ablation allows creation of larger lesions, presumably by increasing the power that can be delivered without coagulum formation. These RF lesions have not been characterized in human myocardium in regions of infarction and scarring. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cooled-tip RF catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardias (VTs) was performed in two patients who had severe congestive heart failure and subsequently underwent cardiac transplantation. The first patient had four different monomorphic VTs. RF applications along the inferoseptal margin of a scarred region abolished all inducible VTs. The second patient had sarcoidosis involving the myocardium and four different inducible VTs. RF current applied at an inferobasal VT exit and at the right and left septa failed to abolish the VTs. The explanted hearts were examined at the time of cardiac transplantation 18 and 21 days later, respectively. Lesions extended to depths up to 7 mm, reaching clusters of myocardial cells deep to regions of fibrosis. Microscopically, the ablation sites contained coagulation necrosis with hemorrhage, surrounded by a rim of granulation tissue. CONCLUSION: Saline-irrigated RF catheter ablation produces relatively large lesions capable of penetrating deep into scarred myocardium.     

Catheter Ablation of Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia Arising from the Aortic Root

Most idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) arises from the area of the outflow tracts, and the most common left ventricular site is the aortic root, usually from the right and left sinuses of Valsalva. This site of origin is suggested by specific patterns on the electrocardiogram. Activation mapping and pace mapping are both useful strategies, and their relative benefits and limitations need to be appreciated. The mapping strategy for a VT of suspected aortic root origin is based on the consideration that multiple chambers may need to be mapped, and the temptation to ablate at suboptimal sites based on the justification that it was easy to get to should be resisted. The entire surface of each cusp needs to be sampled, as distinct activation times and pacemaps are obtained at each site. Standard radiofrequency energy is typically adequate and the precision of mapping rather than the amount of tissue ablated is tantamount to success. In my opinion, the indications for ablation of aortic root VT are similar to those for other idiopathic VT. Although I offer patients both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options, I feel that ablation is first line therapy for patients with sufficient symptoms to warrant therapy.     

Insights into the Electrophysiology of Accessory Path way-Mediated Arrhythmias Provided by the Catheter Ablation Experience:

Catheter Ablation of Bypass Tracts. The success of catheter ablation has greatly improved the care of patients with paroxysmal tachycardias and has caused a revolution in the practice of electrophysiology. Some investigators have expressed that concern over procedural success in an increasingly interventional specialty threatens to eclipse attempts to understand the physiology of arrhythmia syndromes. Alternatively, due to the precise and directed nature of the lesions created with radiofrequency energy, catheter ablation procedures have allowed investigation to continue at a more focused level. In this article, the insights provided by the catheter ablation experience into the physiology of arrhythmias mediated by accessory AV pathways will he reviewed. Although the learning process was sometimes delayed by the nearly immediate success of radiofrequency catheter ablation, difficult situations have continued to renew efforts for understanding at a deeper level. Conscious attempts at "learning while burning" will provide the opportunity to investigate aspects of bypass tract physiology that remain incompletely characterized, such as partial response to therapy and late recurrence.     

Catheter Ablation with Radiofrequency Energy: Biophysical Aspects and Clinical Applications

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation. Radiofrequency catheter ablation techniques are becoming increasingly accepted as the therapy of choice for selected patients with symptomatic arrhythmias. The ability to titrate the power output using radiofrequency current has allowed these ablative techniques to be applied safely in a variety of arrhythmias. In many institutions, radiofrequency catheter ablation has now become standard therapy for controlling medically refractory atrial arrhythmias using atrioventricular (AV) junction ablation and for curing AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and supra ventricular tachycardia due to accessory AV connections. This technology is also being used to treat some forms of ventricular tachycardia such as bundle branch reentry ventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia in structurally normal hearts, and with limited success in patients with ventricular tachycardia and coronary artery disease. Advancements in catheter design and energy delivery systems may further expand the use of this form of therapy. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 3, pp. 173–186, April 1992)     

Successful Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia Postmyocardial Infarction in Man Guided by a Multielectrode "Basket" Catheter

Multielectrode "Basket" Catheter. Currently, analysis of sustained ventricular tachycardia postmyocardial infarction in man is limited by the time required for single point activation mapping and the difficulty in obtaining information during hemodynamically unstable arrhythmias. To overcome these limitations, we developed a multielectrode "basket" catheter for endocardial recording and pacing. This report describes the first clinical use of such a catheter to guide successful radiofrequency ablation of incessant sustained ventricular tachycardia postmyocardial infarction. This system may significantly shorten the time required for VT analysis and improve the results of radiofrequency catheter ablation for VT postmyocardial infarction.     

超高龄阵发性室上性心动过速患者的射频导管消融研究

目的探讨超高龄患者阵发性室上性心动过速射频导管消融（下称消融）的有效性和安全性。方法对11例80岁以上的超高龄阵发性室上性心动过速患者采用常规方法消融治疗。结果先行冠状动脉造影术2例。因髂动脉迂曲选择对侧动脉或使用长血管鞘跨过迂曲部位消融成功4例。术中发生心力衰竭1例，在导管操作及电生理检查中诱发心房颤动、房性心动过速5例。主动脉瓣狭窄应用直接穿间隔法后消融1例。在放电时出现二度房室传导阻滞1例，一度房室传导阻滞2例。穿刺点出现血肿1例。11例首次消融均成功。术后随访24个月均未复发，也无传导阻滞等严重并发症发生。结论超高龄阵发性室上性心动过速患者采用消融治疗安全有效，但根据不同个体电生理特点需制定不同的治疗方案。