全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直的临床疗效观察

目的观察全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010-01~2015-01该科采用全髋关节置换术治疗12例(20髋)强直性脊柱炎伴髋关节骨性强直的临床资料,比较手术前、后患者Harris评分、髋关节活动度。结果 12例均获随访,随访时间24~84个月,平均48.5个月。切口均一期愈合,未出现假体下沉、松动,1例(8.3%)发生脱位并发症,1例(8.3%)发生坐骨神经损伤并发症。5髋(25.0%)出现异位骨化,分别为Brooker分级Ⅰ级2髋,Ⅱ级2髋,Ⅲ级1髋。关节活动度由术前髋关节屈伸平均(12.9±5.6)°改善为(75.6±19.6)°,髋关节内收外展由术前平均(4.4±2.7)°改善为(24.5±8.6)°,Harris评分由术前(20.6±13.1)分改善为(71.9±9.3)分。结论全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直能显著改善髋关节功能,矫正髋关节畸形。     

老年患者行金属对聚乙烯全髋关节置换术后4年内随访结果

目的探究金属对聚乙烯全髋置换术(MP-THA)对老年患者治疗的临床体会及中远期疗效。方法 2007年3月至2009年3月该院对100例(112髋)老年患者运用金属对聚乙烯全髋关节假体完成髋关节置换手术。其中股骨头缺血性坏死40例,强直性脊柱炎15例,骨关节炎20例,髋关节发育不良10例,类风湿性关节炎15例。结果患者都进行为期4年的随访调查,患者Harris评分从术前(38.80±7.44)分至术后4年的(94.85±2.57)分。4例术后偶感疼痛,3例术后出现轻微疼痛,无严重疼痛者。髋关节活动度达到了屈髋(120.65±8.86)°,外展(29.35±3.12)°,内收(24.35±4.12)°,外旋(34.75±4.43)°,内旋(36.75±4.11)°。X线显示所有患者髋关节假体位置均符合要求,109例髋股骨假体位于中立位,其中3例髋假体处于轻度外翻位,其余假体为初始固定优良。术后四年髋关节平均总活动度与术前比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。髋臼假体外展角与理想值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),前倾角与理想值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 MP-THA适应证范围广泛,术后效果良好,关节活动范围增加,关节稳定性较好,使患者术后的生活质量得到了明显改善。     

MOM髋关节表面置换术治疗AS累及髋关节效果观察（附21例报告）

目的观察金属对金属髋关节假体（MOM）髋关节表面置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎（AS）累及髋关节的疗效。方法对21例AS累及髋关节患者行MOM髋关节表面置换术,比较手术前后关节活动度、Harris评分、美国加州大学肩关节评分（UCLA）,观察并发症发生情况。结果术后髋关节活动度提高为148°～201°,平均169°,Harris评分、UCLA评分较术前显著提高,未见明显术后并发症。结论 MOM髋关节表面置换术治疗AS累及髋关节效果好,术后关节功能改善明显。     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎并髋关节强直（附22例报告）

目的观察人工全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎合并髋关节强直的临床疗效。方法对强直性脊柱炎引起的22例髋关节强直（26个髋关节）患者行人工全髋关节置换术治疗,回顾性分析其临床疗效。结果22例术后平均随访26个月,髋关节活动度明显改善,步态基本正常,元严重并发症发生。结论人工髋关节置换术可明显增加髋关节活动度,改善髋关节功能,提高生活质量,是治疗强直性脊柱炎并髋关节强直的有效方法。     

强直性脊柱炎伴双侧全髋关节置换术后患者髋膝功能锻炼的康复护理

目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎伴双侧髋关节炎患者进行双侧全髋关节置换术后髋膝关节僵硬患者的护理及功能锻炼.方法 对8例患者进行术后包括体位护理、疼痛护理、心理护理、功能锻炼、CPM锻炼的观察.结果 8例患者术后在麻醉镇痛下经进行关节被动活动器(CPM)锻炼,有效改善了关节活动度,经4～15个月的随访,髋膝关节功能良好,能基本满足患者的日常生活要求.结论 对强直性脊柱炎进行双侧全髋关节置换术后患者加强髋膝关节功能锻炼,是提高生活质量,降低致残率的重要手段.     

不同直径股骨头在全髋关节置换术中的疗效对比

目的观察不同直径股骨头在全髋关节置换术中的应用对比。方法选择2007年10月至2009年6月收入的62例行金属人工全髋关节置换术的患者,根据使用的金属头直径不同分为大头金属-金属髋关节组(观察组)及普通假体组(对照组),患者术后进行长程随访,随访时间为2年。对比内容包括患者基本情况,术前、术后Harris评分,术前、术后髋关节活动度对比以及并发症发生情况。结果两组患者术前、术后Harris评分对比中,患者术后1个月、3个月、1年及2年的Harris评分均显著高于术前(P<0.05),而观察组术后1个月、3个月、1年及2年的Harris评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者术前、术后髋关节活动度对比中,术后1个月、术后2年的屈曲、外展、内收、外旋、内旋程度均高于术前(P<0.05),术后1个月观察组内收、外旋程度高于对照组(P<0.05),术后2年观察组屈曲、内收、外旋程度高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后并发症对比中,观察组术后大腿疼痛3例,深静脉血栓3例;对照组术后大腿疼痛2例,脱位2例,假体松动2例,深静脉血栓4例;观察组总并发症发生率20%,对照组为31.25%,两组患者并发症对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用金属大头髋行全髋关节置换术能够提高患者术后Harris评分、髋关节活动度,并且具有脱位、假体松动发生率低等优点,适合于年龄较轻及对关节活动度要求较高的中老年患者。     

Delta陶瓷人工假体在全髋关节置换术中的应用效果观察

目的 观察Delta陶瓷人工假体在全髋关节置换术的近期应用效果.方法 对56例(61髋)严重髋关节疾病患者行Delta陶瓷对陶瓷人工假体全髋关节置换术.采用Harris评分标准对髋关节功能进行评定.通过双髋正位X线片,测量髋臼外展角和估算前倾角,观察有无陶瓷碎裂、假体脱位、假体周围透亮线和骨溶解、假体松动、感染及假体周围骨折情况发生.结果 手术时间为55～90 min,术中出血量120～200 mL,术后引流量150～400mL.术后平均随访1年7个月.术后1年,Harris髋关节评分为(89.3±7.9)分,明显高于术前的(40.3±10.5)分(P＜0.01).髋关节功能优37例,良18例,可1例.X线检查示髋臼外展角42.7°±2.6°,前倾角为19.6°±3.5°.随访期间无关节异响发生,未见陶瓷碎裂、假体脱位、骨溶解形成及假体松动、移位和下沉,无感染和假体周围骨折的发生.1例术后6个月时出现髋关节周围异位骨化,关节功能良好.结论 Delta陶瓷人工假体全髋关节置换术治疗严重髋关节疾病的近期疗效满意.     

混合髋关节置换在老年关节置换中的应用

目的探讨混合髋在老年髋关节置换中的应用体会和治疗结果。方法自2002年5月至2011年5月收治的资料完整的64例老年患者(年龄71⁸1岁),随访平均36个月。男35例,女29例,行骨水泥髋关节置换20例,非骨水泥髋关节置换22例,混合髋关节置换22例。对手术并发症如脱位、假体松动、感染、下肢深静脉血栓比较,术后疗效采用Harris的评分标准评价体系,X线参照Amstutz的分区方法对假体稳定性比较。结果全部随访患者中,有1例出现脱位,12例出现假体松动,2例感染,1例下肢深静脉血栓。骨水泥组Harris评分从术前平均(55.1±1.7)分提高到术后平均(92.8±3.1)分,优良率90%;非骨水泥组从术前平均(53.21±2.3)分提高到术后平均(91.3±2.8)分,优良率90.9%;混合髋组从术前平均(54.42±2.1)提高到术后平均(93.6±3.3)分,优良率100%,混合髋组与其他两组差异显著(P<0.05),混合髋组术后并发症发生率低;Amstutz的分区方法发现髋臼侧3区有5例松动、2区有1例,股骨侧1区有2例、6区有1例、7区有7例,混合髋组假体稳定性最好。结论人工混合髋关节置换术在老年人髋关节置换有良好的效果。     

强直性脊柱炎患者同期双侧全髋关节置换术后的护理及康复

强直性脊柱炎是一种以侵犯脊柱为主,累及全身多脏器的结缔组织疾病,常累及髋关节,出现各种畸形甚至纤维性或骨性强直.其病理特点是严重的髋关节屈曲畸形,多关节受累、脊柱后凸畸形、髋关节骨性强直,骨质疏松[1].当病变累及双侧髋关节并伴有疼痛和功能障碍时,同期双侧全髋关节置换术是解除患者髋关节病痛及恢复功能的有效方法[2],术后给予精心护理及早期康复训练,效果满意.现报告如下.     

强直性脊柱炎严重髋关节畸形的手术治疗

强直性脊柱炎 (ａｎｋｙｌｏｓｉｎｇｓｐｏｎｄｙｌｉｔｉｓ ,ＡＳ)是一种血清学阴性的慢性进行性炎症性疾病 ,主要侵犯骶髂关节、脊柱和髋关节等关节 ,至今病因不明。对ＡＳ引起的髋关节严重畸形施行全髋关节置换术 ,是目前公认的改善关节功能的有效方法[1] 。 1995年 10月至 2 0 0 0年 4月我院对 12例 (2 4髋 )ＡＳ并发髋关节骨性强直Ⅰ期施行双侧全髋置换术 ,疗效满意 ,现报道如下。1　资料与方法1 1　临床资料 :12例患者均为肯定的ＡＳ (根据 1984年修订的诊断标准[2 ] )。男性 8例 ,女性 4例。ＡＳ患者的发病年龄为 13～ 36岁 ,平均 2…     

Prevention of hip fractures using hip protectors

Based on the results of 13 randomized controlled trials, programs for the use of hip protectors in institutionalized elderly people with particularly high risks of hip fractures seem to decrease the incidence of hip fractures. On the other hand, there is little indication for the use of hip protectors by elderly people dwelling independently in their own homes. Compliance greatly influences the effect of hip protectors, and continues to be serious problem.     

Prevention of hip fracture with hip protectors

The prevention of fractures amongst older people consists of (i) prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, (ii) prevention of falling and (iii) prevention of fractures using injury-site protection. As the great majority of hip fractures are caused by a sideways fall with direct impact on the greater trochanter of the proximal femur, one approach to prevention is the use of an adequately configured padded, firm-shield external hip protector. With this type of two-part design, the impacting force and energy are, at the time of the fall-impact, first weakened by the padding part of the protector and then diverted away from the greater trochanter by the shield part of the same. Following this line, a series of consecutive studies by the Accident & Trauma Research Center at the UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland, found that a padded, strong-shield hip protector was effective in preventing hip fractures. In the context of the wider literature on hip protectors, these more encouraging results suggest the need for a more rigorous regulation of protector design and characteristics. Alongside inadequacies of design, the other most frequent general problem with hip protectors is compliance. Not all elderly people with a high risk of hip fracture will agree to use hip protectors and in those who do, long-term adherence may decrease. Caregiver motivation and involvement appear therefore to be crucial.     

Surgical treatment of hip osteoarthritis: hpdete on hip arthroscopy

Arthroscopic surgery of the hip is a routine procedure in an increasing number of institutions around the world. Indications for this procedure increase as more experience is developed. Thanks to hip arthroscopy some intraarticular lesions like labral or ligamentum teres tears and cartilage lesions have been recognized. All of these have the potential to develop hip osteoarthritis. Open techniques for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement have been transformed to arthroscopic techniques. Femoroacetabular impingement has the potential to cause hip osteoarthritis. The role of hip arthroscopy in the treatment of formally established hip osteoarthritis is limited and has better results in young patients with early degenerative changes.     

Bilateral hip osteonecrosis: influence of hip size on outcome

OBJECTIVE: To measure the volume of osteonecrosis in 30 patients with disease in both hips (one side with collapse and the other without at Ficat stage I). METHOD: The volume of the osteonecrosis was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The progression to collapse was influenced by the size of the lesion in each patient. The first collapsed hip was that with the largest volume of osteonecrosis. CONCLUSION: The volume of the osteonecrotic lesion on the second hip (stage I without collapse) is a good predictor of the time to collapse of this second hip.     

Influence of hip dysplasia on the development of osteoarthritis of the hip

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that in some patients with primary hip osteoarthritis (OA), the disease occurs as a consequence of acetabular dysplasia or hip dysplasia (HD). OBJECTIVE: To carry out a systematic review to investigate the association between acetabular dysplasia and hip OA. METHODS: A database search of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library was carried out, and articles that aimed at studying the relationship between HD and hip OA were identified. The methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed using a standardised set of criteria, and a best evidence synthesis was used to summarise the results from the individual studies. RESULTS: Five cohort studies and four case-control studies were included in this review. One cohort study had the correct design to answer the question and was considered to be a high quality study. This study reported a positive association between HD and hip OA. Overall, limited evidence was found for a positive association between HD and hip OA. Most studies included older people. In younger age groups the relation between HD and OA or hip complaints may be much higher. CONCLUSION: The evidence for the influence of HD on the occurrence of hip OA, at age 50-60 or older, is limited.     

Promising outcome of a hip school for patients with hip dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in an exploratory study, a hip school led by physical therapists for patients with hip dysfunction including pain. METHODS: Physicians in primary care and orthopedic units consecutively recruited patients by residential area to a treatment group (T group; n = 77) and a control group (C group; n = 68), mean age 61.8 years, 59 men, 86 women. Ninety-nine of the 145 subjects had radiologic hip osteoarthritis. Outcome measures were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). RESULTS: After hip school (6 months) the T group showed greater reduction on the subscales of pain and activity limitations (WOMAC) than the C group. The subscales sleep disturbances, pain, and physical mobility (NHP) showed improvement for the T group compared with at start. The results for the T group persisted after an additional 6 months. CONCLUSION: A hip school may reduce pain and activity limitations and improve health-related quality of life for patients with hip dysfunction including pain.     

The outcome of cementless total hip arthroplasty in haemophilic hip arthropathy

Summary.  Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in haemophilic arthropathy is reported to be less successful than in non-haemophilic indications. Although preliminary results are encouraging, the survival and functional outcome of cementless THA in haemophilia are not known. The aim of this study was to analyse mid-term results of cementless THA in haemophilia. Twenty-seven consecutive cementless THAs with 23 patients performed between June 1995 and June 2003 were reviewed. Mean age at time of operation was 36 years and mean follow-up period was 92 months (range, 60–156). Radiographic assessment was done for fixation of components, loosening, osteolysis, wear and bone responses around the implants. The factor requirements, amount of transfusion and complications associated with bleeding were studied. The mean preoperative Harris hip score changed from 57 to 95.9 at the latest follow-up. The survival at mean follow-up was 95.2%. One patient with osteolysis around acetabular cup was re-operated with bone-grafting and change of polyethylene liner. One loose cup was revised with a cemented cup. All other components were deemed stable at the latest follow-up. A standardized management protocol and dedicated team approach comprising of haematologist, physicians, physical therapist, nurses and coordinators is needed for excellent results. The present retrospective study shows that the functional results of cementless THA in haemophilia are satisfactory as it happens in osteoarthritic patients according to the current literature, mainly the younger. Thus, taking into account that the majority of haemophilia patients requiring a THA are relatively young, cementless THA is currently recommended.     

Surgical treatment of hip osteoarthritis: update in total hip arthroplasty

Total hip replacement is one of the most successful procedures in orthopaedic surgery. There are two different technologies for implant fixation in total hip replacement: cemented and cementless, both can be combined, which is called Hybrid arthroplasty. Long term implant stability results in long term function. The most important factor that limits longevity of well-fixed implants is the wear of the articular surfaces. Wear of the polyethylene from the acetabulum generates particles that access the implant bone or the implant-cement-bone interface. This produces an inflammatory reaction, osteolysis and implant loosening. Polyethylene of higher resistance to wear and prosthetic articulations without polyethylene (hard on hard bearings), have been introduced to improve wear particle generation. Minimally invasive surgical techniques minimize surgical trauma to sort tissue around the hip joint, facilitating a better and more rapid recovery.