球囊探查加选择性支气管封堵术治疗难治性气胸

目的 探讨球囊探查加选择性支气管封堵术治疗难治性气胸的疗效、安全性及并发症.方法 收集福建省5家三级医院2000年8月至2007年lO月期间进行球囊探查加选择性支气管封堵术的住院患者.40例中男39例,女1例,年龄20～84岁,平均(59±17)岁.接受本方法 治疗的40例患者均为经负压闭式胸腔引流7 d以上无效者.在常规支气管镜检查基础上采用Olympus B7-2C双腔球囊导管对脏层胸膜瘘口所属的引流支气管进行探杳定位,然后向确认的支气管注入不同剂量的自身全血加凝血酶.治疗组10例及常规支气管镜检查10例(对照组)采用美国Heahhdyne920M型记录仪动态记录,比较两组的血氧饱和度.治疗组10例术后复查胸部CT,20例术后复查静脉血白细胞总数.统计学方法 采用t检验进行处理.结果 40例均经球囊探查,其中34例确定了引流支气管进行封堵术.34例中4例第1次封堵时不成功,转而接受其他治疗,其余30例经封堵后引流瓶气泡明显减少或完全停止.30例中5例于72 h内复发,其中3例行第2次封后例封堵成功,2例接受外科胸腔镜治疗,最终封堵成功率为82%(28/34).操作期间治疗组最低SaO2为(89.0±2.8)%,对照组为(78.2±2.7)%;治疗组平均SaO:为(93.4±2.6)%,对照组为(92.2±1.4)%;治疗组SaO2＜90%占检查时间的百分比为(10.7±17.5)%,对照组为(2.1±1.1)%;各指标2组比较均无统计学意义.术后10例复查胸部CT均未见阻塞性肺不张.术后3/20例患者外周血白细胞计数高于10×109/L,术前均合并肺部感染,且其中2例术前白细胞计数升高.34例接受封堵者有5例出现中、低热,均易得到控制.结论 球囊探查加支气管封堵术对难治性气胸是一种安全、有效的治疗方法 ,尤其适用于全身情况差、肺功能明显减退以及暂不愿接受手术者.     

气囊探查加选择性支气管封堵术治疗难治性气胸10例

自发性气胸是呼吸内科常见的急症之一 ,治疗措施主要有内科治疗如胸腔穿刺抽气、闭式引流、胸膜硬化术 ,外科治疗如肺开胸手术、电视胸腔镜手术。但临床上有部分患者经胸腔穿刺抽气、闭式引流后胸膜破裂口难以闭合 ,还有不少患者由于不愿接受手术或因存在各种严重基础病变而不宜行外科治疗 ,这给治疗带来困难。针对这种难治性气胸 ,我院自2 0 0 0年 8月以来开展了气囊探查加选择性支气管封堵术治疗难治性气胸 ,现报道如下。一、对象1 .气胸组 :选择我院 2 0 0 0年 8月至 2 0 0 2年 4月间因自发性气胸行闭式胸腔引流 1 4d以上破裂口仍未能闭…     

改良式球囊探查及支气管封堵术治疗难治性气胸1例及文献复习

目的 寻找难治性气胸新的治疗途径.方法 应用三腔球囊取石导管探查引流支气管,应用自体静脉血及凝血酶选择性封堵引流支气管.结果 成功封堵支气管胸膜瘘.结论 应用球囊探查及选择性支气管封堵术是治疗难治性气胸安全、可行的方法.     

选择性支气管封堵术治疗18例难治性气胸的临床体会

目的 探讨球囊探查加选择性支气管封堵术治疗难治性气胸的疗效、安全性及并发症.方法 选取我院2013年8月至2015年8月期间18例难治性气胸患者,进行球囊探查加选择性支气管封堵术治疗.在常规电子支气管镜检查基础上采用双腔球囊导管对脏层胸膜瘘口所属的引流支气管进行探查定位,然后经双腔导管确认的目标支气管注入不同剂量的自身全血加凝血酶,观察是否成功封堵及相关并发症.结果 16例成功定位引流支气管,2例无法探查到引流支气管.对16例球囊探查成功者顺利施行自体血封堵术,首次封堵成功13例,其中3例于72 h内复发,对该3例行第2次封堵后2例成功,另1例封堵失败患者转入胸外科行手术治疗.封堵术最终成功并顺利拔出胸腔引流管12例,失败4例.在失败的4例中l例患者签字带管出院(跟踪随访半月,胸腔引流瓶内未见气泡逸出,复查胸片提示肺复张,遂拔出胸腔引流管);另外3例未探查到引流支气管,其中2例转入胸外科行手术治疗.结论 球囊探查加选择性支气管封堵术是治疗难治性气胸安全、有效、可行的介入治疗方法.     

负压吸引下自体血胸腔粘连术治疗难治性气胸临床研究

目的总结持续胸膜腔负压吸引下利用自体血治疗难治性气胸的疗效。方法对18例难治性气胸患者在持续负压吸引下一次性胸腔内注射自体静脉血60~100 m l。结果18例难治性气胸中有17例成功,1例失败,成功率为94.4%,不良反应低。结论负压吸引下胸腔内注射自体血治疗难治性气胸疗效确切,适用于基层医疗机构使用。     

胸膜粘连术治疗难治性气胸临床体会

难治性气胸临床上并不少见 ,胸腔内注入粘连剂是有效治疗方法之一。我们分别用“纤维蛋白胶”和滑石粉两种粘连剂治疗这类患者 45例 ,结果两者疗效均较明显 ,但前者因副作用小等优点而更易于被医生和患者所接受 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　 45例均为继发性气胸 ,其中 组 (用纤维蛋白胶作粘连剂 ) 2 8例 ,男 2 4例 ,女 4例 ,平均年龄 5 8.8岁 ,继发于慢性阻塞性肺气肿 2 3例、肺结核 3例、支气管哮喘 2例。 组(用滑石粉作粘连剂 ) 17例 ,男 15例、女 2例 ,平均年龄 5 5岁 ,继发于慢性阻塞性肺气肿 13例、肺结核 2例、支气管哮…     

碘伏胸膜粘连术治疗难治性自发性气胸临床研究

自发性气胸,肺部破口形成后,经胸腔闭式引流治疗,仍然持续漏气的称之为难治性气胸。本病多见于慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)、肺结核患者及少数特发性气胸\[1-8\]。尤其是COPD患者多高龄、有各类慢性肺部基础疾病、不能耐受外科手术或胸腔镜下治疗等原因,这类患者治疗难度大,甚至迁延不愈,且容易反复复发,并能导致增加气胸相关性死亡风险\[9\]。我院采用胸膜     

胸腔闭式引流加胸膜粘连术治疗老年性继发性气胸

目的探讨胸腔闭式引流加胸膜粘连术在治疗老年性继发性气胸的疗效。方法38例自发性气胸患者随机分为二组。一组为胸腔闭式引流加力尔凡胸腔内注射;另一组为常规治疗组,单纯胸腔闭式引流。治疗后计算治愈率及治愈时间。结果两组治愈率比较无显著性差异,胸膜粘连术组治愈时间明显低于B组,统计学上有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论胸腔闭式引流加力尔凡胸腔内注射在治疗老年性继发性气胸中具有高效、副作用小等优点,适于临床推广。     

选择性支气管封堵术治疗难治性气胸

自发性气胸是临床常见病,包括原发性自发性气胸(primary spontaneous pneumothorax,PSP)及继发性自发性气胸(spontaneous pneumothorax,SSP),其发病率报道不一,Gupta等[1]报道在英格兰总发病率为16.8/10万,其中男性发病率为24/10万,女性为9.8/10万,需要住院的男性患者发病率为16.6/10万、女性为5.8/10万.目前尚没有关于我国自发性气胸发病率的资料.     

胸膜粘连术在治疗复发性气胸时的应用

目的：探讨四环素治疗复发性气胸的实用价值。方法：把四环素溶液或滑石粉混悬液注入抽完气的胸膜腔内，向各方向转动体位。结果：四环 素组76例患均痊愈出院，随访的60全例中6例复发， 占10％。滑石粉组40例，随访的30例中9例复发，30％。结论：四环素溶液治疗复发性气胸是一种比较有效的治疗方法，操作简单，疗效好、副作用少、复发率低。     

经支气管镜球囊扩张术治疗良性中心气道狭窄临床分析

目的探讨经支气管镜球囊扩张技术治疗良性中心气道狭窄的操作方法、安全性及有效性。 方法选择2014年6月至2018年6月达州市中心医院呼吸内科收治的良性中心气道狭窄患者67例,其中结核性狭窄61例,气管损伤性狭窄6例,对不同原因导致的气道良性狭窄患者进行球囊扩张治疗,并必要时联合其他介入治疗措施如冷冻治疗等。治疗结束后对气促评分、KPS评分、肺功能(FEV₁)、气管狭窄程度和并发症发生情况进行评价。 结果所有患者均在气管镜直视下进行球囊扩张治疗,同时进行冷冻治疗。67例患者中,共进行球囊扩张治疗324次。经过球囊扩张治疗后,短期观察狭窄段支气管均有内径增大,气促评分增加,症状缓解。对球囊扩张后气道扩宽的瘢痕狭窄患者随访观察,有18例气道扩宽后再次发生瘢痕挛缩,发生再次狭窄。所有患者中,扩张治疗出现胸痛12例,黏膜少许撕裂2例,无严重不良反应发生。 结论良性中心气道狭窄支气管球囊扩张治疗,近期疗效良好,远期疗效有待进一步评估。     

A comparison between spironolactone and spironolactone plus finasteride in the treatment of hirsutism

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of the combination of spironolactone (100 mg/day) plus finasteride (5 mg/day) and spironolactone (100 mg/day) alone in the treatment of hirsutism. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Sixty-five hirsute women were randomly assigned to one of these two treatment groups. Hirsutism score was measured according to the modified Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system. Baseline and post-treatment assessments were carried out in each subject by an investigator blinded to the therapy. Both groups had similar demographic properties at baseline. The serum levels of total and free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured at the beginning and after 1 year of therapy. Blood chemistry and side-effects were evaluated during the study. Hirsutism scores were decreased significantly in both groups at the end of the year. RESULTS: The mean percentage change in hirsutism scores from baseline in the spironolactone plus finasteride-treated group (51.3%) was significantly (P<0.005) higher than in the group treated with spironolactone alone (36.6%). Patients from both treatment groups experienced similar side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: We have concluded that a combination of spironolactone plus finasteride is a safe and effective therapy in the treatment of hirsutism.     

Extensive selective thoracostomy in the treatment of pleural empyema

Fifty-seven patients with disseminated bilateral destructive pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by empyema were followed up. Treatment included laser radiation at wavelengths of 0.69 and 0.43 micron, which can enhance therapeutical efficiency on an average of 37.5% and reduce preoperative preparation by 1.7 times. The procedure of selective extended thoracostomy expanded indications for surgery in critically ill patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis by reducing the surgical risk by several times.     

胸膜粘连术对恶性浆膜腔积液的疗效观察

目的观察顺铂联合草分枝杆菌F.U.36治疗恶性胸水/心包积液的疗效和安全性。方法采用中心静脉导管置入法,收集我院呼吸内科和肿瘤内科收治的30例肺癌伴胸水/心包积液的病例。结果 30例患者中,完全缓解23例,部分缓解2例,无效5例,总有效率达83.3%。结论胸腔内置管并注入冻干顺铂、草分枝杆菌F.U.36治疗肺癌引起的恶性积液疗效显著,副反应少,操作简单,值得临床应用。     

Abnormalities in airway smooth muscle in fatal asthma. A comparison between trachea and bronchus

Tracheal smooth muscle from seven cases of fatal asthma demonstrated an increased contractile response to histamine, acetylcholine, and electrical stimulation of intrinsic cholinergic nerves; impaired relaxation to isoproterenol, and possibly theophylline, was also evident (1). Fourth generation bronchial spirals from the same patients were also studied, and these results were compared with those of the trachea and normal bronchi (n = 5). In contrast to trachea, contractile responses in asthmatic bronchi to acetylcholine, histamine, and cholinergic nerve stimulation were similar to those in control bronchi. The potency of isoprenaline (IC50) was reduced 9.4-fold (p less than 0.003), similar to trachea (4.5-fold), whereas theophylline responses were normal. The discrepant results obtained may reflect differences in the disease process, including rates of postmortem change, at the two anatomic sites.     

Comparison of cisplatin plus pemetrexed and cisplatin plus gemcitabine for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma in Japanese patients

BackgroundCisplatin plus pemetrexed is a standard front-line chemotherapeutic regimen for inoperable malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). However, no clinical trials have compared the efficacy of cisplatin plus pemetrexed and cisplatin plus gemcitabine, which may be comparable based on previous phase II study results. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of cisplatin plus pemetrexed and comparing it with that of cisplatin plus gemcitabine in Japanese MPM patients.MethodsFrom July 2002 to December 2011, 13 and 17 consecutive patients with inoperable MPM were treated with cisplatin plus gemcitabine and cisplatin plus pemetrexed, respectively, at the Shizuoka Cancer Center. We reviewed the medical charts of these patients and evaluated their characteristics as well as data regarding drug toxicity and antitumor efficacy.ResultsThe response rates were 15% and 35% in the cisplatin plus gemcitabine and cisplatin plus pemetrexed groups, respectively (P=0.4069), while disease control rates were 77%, and 82%, respectively (P=0.9999). Progression-free survival was significantly higher with cisplatin plus pemetrexed (median, 215.5 days) than with cisplatin plus gemcitabine (median, 142.5 days) (P=0.0146; hazard ratio [HR], 0.3552). Overall survival showed a tendency towards being superior with cisplatin plus pemetrexed (median, 597.5 days) compared with cisplatin plus gemcitabine (median, 306.5 days) (P=0.1725, HR, 0.5516). Hematological toxicities, especially thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, tended to be more frequent and severe in the cisplatin plus gemcitabine group.ConclusionsCisplatin plus pemetrexed may be superior and should continue to be the standard front-line chemotherapeutic regimen for inoperable MPM.