原发性气管支气管淀粉样变的MSCT表现

目的 :探讨原发性气管支气管淀粉样变的MSCT表现。方法 :回顾性分析经病理证实的6例原发性气管支气管淀粉样变患者的MSCT资料,包括气管支气管病变部位管壁密度、厚度、病变范围及管腔形态等。结果:6例中弥漫型5例,管壁厚度3~6 mm,其中累及气管至3级支气管者3例,累及气管至4级支气管者2例。3例支气管气道壁钙化方式呈片状或环状,2例呈局灶性小钙化。1例为局限型,主要表现为右侧中间段支气管管壁增厚,管腔变狭窄,气道壁无明显钙化现象,其淀粉样变侧肺门有淋巴结肿大且伴蛋壳样钙化。5例出现凹凸不平的气道内膜,1例气道内膜尚光滑。6例管腔均不同程度变窄,1例出现2级支气管闭塞伴肺不张,1例气管至2级支气管狭窄,3~5级支气管管腔扩大并继发感染。结论:原发性气管支气管淀粉样变的MSCT表现主要为气道壁呈结节样增厚,分布呈局灶型或弥漫型,伴或不伴钙化。     

原发性支气管肺淀粉样变性的CT诊断

目的:探讨支气管肺部淀粉样变性的影像学诊断及鉴别诊断。方法:收集5例经病理证实的支气管肺部淀粉样变性患者,分析其CT表现。结果:气管支气管型3例,CT表现为管壁不均质增厚,可见斑块状钙化灶,管腔内壁不光滑性狭窄;肺实质型2例,CT表现为主支气管旁单发团块,段支气管狭窄,周围肺组织萎缩,叶间裂增厚。结论:肺实质型CT表现单发或多发团块状软组织密度灶,气管支气管型CT表现为管壁增厚,可见颗粒或不规则钙化或"骨化岛",具有一定特征。CT对肺部淀粉样变性的诊断具有重要价值。     

原发性肺部淀粉样变性的CT诊断(附4例分析)

目的:探讨肺部淀粉样变性的诊断及鉴别诊断.方法:收集4例经病理证实的肺部淀粉样变性,分析其CT表现.结果:气管支气管型2例,CT表现为管壁不均质增厚,可见斑块状钙化灶,管腔内壁不光滑性狭窄;肺实质型2例,CT表现为多发单发或多发团块,可见粟粒状高密度灶及结节状高密度灶,1例合并胸膜团块状软组织密度灶.结论:实质型CT表现单发或多发团块状软组织密度灶,气管支气管型CT表现为管壁增厚,可见颗粒或不规则钙化或"骨化岛",具有一定特征.CT对肺部淀粉样变性的诊断具有重要价值.     

气管支气管基本病变与影像学表现(二)

1．8 气管支气管管壁增厚除气管支气管软化症与巨气管支气管症等少数情况其管壁常变薄外,大多数气管支气管疾病常表现为管壁增厚。局限性增厚一般见于管壁浸润型的恶性肿瘤、支气管内膜结核等,而弥漫性气管支气管管壁增厚,可见于复发性多软骨炎、气管支气管淀粉样变性、骨化性气管支气管病、韦格氏肉芽肿与结节病累及气管支气管管壁等,且均同时伴支气管管腔狭窄。     

气管腺样囊性癌的MSCT表现

目的:探讨气管腺样囊性癌的MSCT表现特征。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的5例原发性气管腺样囊性癌的MSCT表现。所有患者术前均行胸部MSCT平扫和增强扫描。结果:5例均主要表现为腔内宽基底的软组织密度肿块,其中3例伴腔外累及。5例中发生于胸段气管3例,右主支气管2例,其中1例累及气管隆突和左主支气管开口。肿瘤形态均不规则,多平面重组冠状位显示肿瘤沿管壁生长,长径大于横径,最大长径1.8~5.5cm,平均3.4cm,伴管壁增厚,管腔不同程度狭窄。肿瘤平扫密度尚均匀,瘤内未见钙化,增强后不均匀强化。1例伴有右肺门和纵隔肿大淋巴结。所有患者均未见胸腔积液。结论:气管腺样囊性癌的MSCT表现具有一定的特征。结合多平面重组技术,MSCT能够准确反映ACC的生长方式及腔内外生长、管壁浸润增厚等特性。     

支气管结核的MSCT诊断

目的:分析支气管结核的多层螺旋CT表现,评估其诊断价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析50例经支纤镜及手术、病理证实的支气管结核的多层螺旋CT表现。结果:支气管结核的MSCT表现有以下特点:(1)多支段受累,好发于上肺叶及中肺叶;(2)病变支气管范围长,多为主支气管、叶支气管、段支气管连续或间断受累;(3)管腔多为不规则狭窄;(4)管壁多为不规则增厚,密度增高或钙化;(5)胸内多见结核并发灶。病变支气管壁的MSCT表现与支纤镜病理分型有相关性。结论:MSCT对支气管结核的诊断及治疗方法的选择有较高的临床应用价值。     

多层螺旋CT三维重建技术在大气道非肿瘤性少见病的临床应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT三维重组技术在气管支气管非肿瘤性少见病变的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析16例经支气管纤维镜活检病理确诊为气管支气管非肿瘤性少见病变,行多层螺旋CT扫描,所有数据发送至重建工作站进行三维重建。结果 16例病例中,气管支气管淀粉样变6例,男女各3例,中位年龄51岁;骨化性气管支气管病4例,男3例,女1例,中位年龄25岁;气管支气管复发性多发性软骨炎6例,男2例,女4例,中位年龄48岁;在CT多平面重建工作站重建后可清楚显示,气管支气管淀粉样变显示病变主要以管壁增厚钙化为主,病变呈连续性,管壁钙化以支气管明显,管腔明显狭窄;骨化性气管支气管病变显示气管前壁及两侧管壁增厚及结节样钙化影突入管腔内,钙化主要位于粘膜上并突入气管支气管管腔内,管腔狭窄不明显;气管支气管复发性多发性软骨炎以气道多发炎性水肿增厚为主,管腔可见明显连续性狭窄,管壁可见小点状钙化,管壁内侧相对光滑,病变多数弥漫,以气管病变明显;继发肺部阻塞性炎症9例,气管支气管淀粉样变5例,气管支气管复发性多发性软骨炎3例,骨化性气管支气管病1例。结论多层螺旋CT三维重建技术在大气道非肿瘤性少见病变中可直观、多方位观察管壁、管腔情况,为临床诊断提供更多的可靠信息。     

多层螺旋CT三维重建技术对气管支气管淀粉样变的诊断价值

目的：评价多层螺旋CT三维重建技术对气管支气管淀粉样变的临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析7例经支气管纤维镜及临床、病理最终确诊为气管支气管淀粉样变的患者,对其进行多层螺旋CT扫描,所有数据均发送到工作站进行三维重建。结果7例病例中,男性4例,女性3例,年龄35~61岁,中位年龄47岁。CT横段位及三维重建技术显示：病变范围长,呈连续性,累及气管2例,累及主支气管4例,累及叶、段支气管达7例,管壁增厚钙化为主,管壁钙化以支气管明显,钙化主要表现为块状或长条状。气管及支气管管腔明显狭窄,所有病例均出现不同程度的管腔狭窄,继发肺部阻塞性炎症5例。结论多层螺旋CT三维重建技术可通过立体、多方位观察气管及支气管情况,明确气管支气管淀粉样变受累范围,了解管壁、管腔情况,可为临床及放射科医生提供更多可靠信息,对准确诊断该病起至关重要的帮助。     

骨化性气管支气管病的CT诊断

目的 探讨骨化性气管支气管病的CT特征，提高对该病的认识。方法 回顾分析6例经病理证实的骨化性气管支气管病的CT表现。结果 CT主要表现为气管、主支气管前壁和侧壁黏膜下散在或多发的斑块状小结节突起，突向管腔，部分结节钙化，大多数小结节直径在2～4mm，有2例在叶支气管可见；2例同时出现气管壁增厚，气管环变形，管腔狭窄。结论 气管、主支气管内多发的黏膜下小结节钙化影并突向管腔是骨化性气管支气管病较具特征性的CT表现。     

气管支气管内膜结核的多层螺旋CT及其三维重组表现

【摘要】目的：了解气管支气管内膜结核的多层螺旋CT及其三维重组图像表现,评价多层螺旋CT诊断支气管内膜结核的价值。方法：18例经纤支镜及手术证实的气管支气管内膜结核患者行多层螺旋CT扫描,将容积扫描数据预处理后传至工作站,分别行MPR(CPR)、MIP、VR、SSD及CTVE成像,分析其影像学表现,重点观察支气管管腔和管壁的形态学改变。结果：MSCT轴位及其三维重组图像均明确显示支气管管腔变窄,管腔表面不光滑和腔内结节状突起,管腔扭曲变形;管壁增厚,密度增高,僵直和钙化。轴位图像还可显示肺内伴随表现。结论：气管支气管内膜结核MSCT及其三维重组图像有一系列的表现征象,MSCT及其三维重组图像对病变的定位,受累范围的测量等有很大帮助,是临床上一种无创性评价气管支气管病变的有效方法,可用于气管支气管内膜结核患者的介入治疗前的定位和治疗后随访。     

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis: A case report and review of literature

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis, manifested by amyloid deposits limited specifically to tracheal and bronchial tissue, is a rare manifestation with only a few hundred published cases. Patients classically present with symptoms related to fixed upper airway obstruction caused by tracheal stenosis. Clinical symptoms are non-specific and include hoarseness, dyspnea, cough, stridor, hemoptysis, and dysphagia, which are similar to those caused by more common airway disorders, often leading to incorrect, missed, and delayed diagnosis. The wide-spread use of computerized tomography (CT) imaging has the potential of dramatically advancing the early diagnosis of tracheobronchial amyloidosis. We present a case of a patient with chronic and progressive hoarseness, diagnosed with tracheobronchial amyloidosis, with a focus on unusually clear and precise CT soft tissue neck imaging. CT imaging demonstrated nodular circumferential raised mass-like thickening involving the long-segment posterior wall of the distal trachea. The wall thickening also extended into the proximal left main stem bronchi, but spared the distal bronchial tree. This resulted in moderate (approximately 50%) narrowing of the tracheal lumen, which explained the patient''s hoarseness. Routine CT imaging of patients with chronic and progressive respiratory symptoms, including cough, hoarseness, and dyspnea, is recommended. Tracheobronchial amyloidosis is an uncommon disease, but it may become more commonly recognized with broader use of more effective CT imaging protocols.     

多层螺旋CT在支气管内膜结核诊断及治疗评价中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在支气管内膜结核诊断及治疗评价中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析32例经纤维支气管镜证实的支气管内膜结核的CT轴位图像表现,并对在工作站获取的薄层图像分别进行多平面重建(MPR),CT仿真内窥镜(CTVE),表面遮盖(SSD)3种方法后重建。结果共有49处气管受累,主支气管2例,右主支气管4例,左主支气管3例,右肺上叶支气管15例,左肺上叶支气管12例,右中叶支气管4例,右肺下叶支气管5例,左肺下叶支气管4例。CT表现为支气管阻塞12例,支气管腔狭窄18例,支气管壁增厚13例,支气管壁钙化6例,伴肺门及纵隔淋巴结钙化27例。结论多层螺旋CT多种重建方法的结合应用,可以明确显示病变的发生部位及支气管腔狭窄或阻塞,有利于支气管内膜结核的诊断及治疗评价。     

Acute tracheobronchial injuries: Impact of imaging on diagnosis and management implications

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of chest radiography, single-slice CT and 16-row MDCT in the direct evidence of tracheobronchial injuries. METHODS: Patients with acute tracheobronchial injury were identified from the registry of our level 1 trauma center during a 5-year period ending July 2005. Findings at chest radiograph and CT were compared to those shown at bronchoscopy. RESULTS: Eighteen patients with tracheobronchial injury - three patients with cervical trachea injury, eight with thoracic trachea injury and seven with bronchial injury - were identified. Twelve patients had a blunt trauma (67%), six patients had a penetrating (iatrogenic) injury (33%). Chest radiograph directly identified the site of tracheal injury in four cases, showing overdistension of the endotracheal cuff in three cases and displacement of the endotracheal tube in one case. At the level of the bronchi, chest radiograph demonstrated only one injury. CT directly identified the site of tracheal injury in all the cases showing the overdistension of the endotracheal cuff at the level of the thoracic trachea (three cases), posterior herniation of the endotracheal cuff at the thoracic trachea (three cases), lateral endotracheal cuff herniation at the thoracic trachea (one case), tracheal wall discontinuity at the cervical (one case) and at the thoracic trachea (one case) and displacement of endotracheal tube at the cervical trachea (two cases). At the level of the bronchi, CT correctly showed the site of injury in six case including: discontinuity of the left main bronchial wall (two cases), the "fallen lung" sign (one case), right main bronchial wall enlargement (one case), discontinuity of the right middle bronchial wall (two cases). In one case, CT showed just direct "air leak" at the level of the carina suggesting main bronchus injury. This finding was confirmed by bronchoscopy. CONCLUSION: Chest radiograph was helpful for the assessment of iatrogenic tracheal injuries. CT detected the site of blunt tracheobronchial injuries in 94% of the cases. Multiplanar 16-row MDCT reconstructions, were essential for the optimal surgical approach.     

气管、支气管内膜结核HRCT价值及临床意义

目的 :探讨HRCT对气管、支气管内膜结核的诊断价值及临床意义。方法 :对 3 2例诊断明确的住院患者行胸部HRCT扫描 ,结合纤维支气管镜检查情况 ,重点观察病变气道内壁及管腔的形态变化以及其病变远侧肺实质的病变情况。结果 :气管、支气管壁病变检出率为 73 .92 % ,其中管壁轻度增厚 5 4.3 5 % ,明显增厚 19.5 7% ;气道管腔形态改变检出率为 67.3 9% ,其中管腔狭窄 <5 0 % 41.3 0 % ,>5 0 % 19.5 7% ,管腔闭塞 6.5 2 %。同时观察到气管、支气管周围及纵隔淋巴结肿大 7例 ,病变支气管远侧管腔内粘液栓 12例 ,管腔局限性扩张 5例 ,小叶性肺气肿 18例 ,肺不张 2例 ,肺内结核病灶 3 9例。结论 :HRCT作为无创性检查 ,在观察气道病变的部位和范围、气道病变与肺内病变的关系、危重患者纤维支气管镜检查前的定位准备及估计预后均有重要的临床意义。     

CT findings in extensive tracheobronchial amyloidosis

Primary pulmonary amyloidosis is a rare disorder that appears in three forms: tracheobronchial, nodular parenchymal, and diffuse parenchymal. We report the case of a 46-year-old women with extensive tracheobronchial amyloidosis which presented with a 2-year history of dyspnea and with signs of severe fixed obstruction in pulmonary function tests. Computed tomography of the thorax demonstrated marked thickening of the trachea and the central bronchial tree with substantial narrowing of the main, lobar, and segmental bronchi. Transbronchial specimen showed typical birefringence under polarizing microscope after staining with Congo Red. We did not find hints for systemic amyloidosis. Received 13 January 1997; Revision received 1 April 1997; Accepted 26 May 1997     

气管支气管结核的多层CT诊断

分析气管支气管结核的多层CT(MSCT)表现,并探讨其诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析38例(男12例,女26例,年龄14～53岁,中位数33岁)气管支气管结核,23例经组织学证实,15例经痰菌检查结合多种其他方法临床证实.MSCT检查采用5mm、2.5mm或lmm准直螺旋扫描,结合2.5mm或lmm的薄层扫描,22例做了增强扫描,全部病例均完成了至少2种后处理;32例同期完成了纤维支气管镜检查.5例瘢痕狭窄行支架治疗,治疗前后均行CT检查.结果:38例共检出58支病变,多支受累率44.7%(17/38);支气管狭窄44例,狭窄长度2cm以上93.2%(41/44);管壁不规则增厚,有时见腔内结节;多数(35/38)伴肺内结核病灶;可伴肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大.MSCT结合各种后处理技术可以有效显示病变特征,并特别有助于支架治疗前后气道通畅性的判断.结论:MSCT结合后处理技术可以有效显示气管支气管结核的特征,有助于诊断,并特别有助于支架治疗前后气道狭窄的判断.     

气管支气管树涎腺样肿瘤的影像表现

目的：探讨气管支气管树涎腺样肿瘤的影像表现，以提高诊断正确率。方法：回顾性分析经组织学证实的腺样囊性癌（ACC）62例，其中有术前影像资料者40例，包括传统X线检查33例，CT扫描21例（增强扫描11例），黏液表皮样癌（MEC）27例，有术前影像资料者18例，包括传统X线检查17例，CT扫描6例（增强扫描5例）。结果：（1）病变部位：ACC：中央型37例，以原发气管最多（26例）,周围型3例，MEC：中央型13例，以叶支气管起源为主（8例），周围型5例。除1例ACC外，周围型病变均位于肺中野内带，邻近肺门。（2）CT表现：ACC：18例中央型病变中腔内型3例，腔内外型14例（伴管壁浸润状增厚8例），单纯管壁浸润状增厚型1例，平扫密度均低于或近，等于肌肉，11例增强后密度仍低于或近，等于肌肉者8例，病变边缘呈浸润状，提示外侵8例，MEC：6例中央型病变中腔内型5例，腔内外型1例，无一例有管壁浸润状增厚；增强后病变明显强化高于肌肉4例；瘤内点状钙化3例，病变远端见低密度黏液栓1例；病变边缘清楚，未见明确局部侵犯。结论：气管支气管树涎腺样肿瘤好发于大气道；ACC多见于气管，MEC多见于气管分叉下大气道，两者均可表现为腔内型，腔内外型及近肺门的周围型肿物。ACC以腔内外型为主，并常用现管壁浸润状增厚，与肿瘤局部侵袭性生长有关，病变密度低，增强后强化不明显，MEC以腔内型为主，无管壁浸润状增厚，增强后明显强化，约半数病变内可见钙化，病变远端可有支气管扩张及黏液栓形成。