糖尿病患者对静脉复合麻醉下顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响

目的探究患者合并糖尿病行静脉复合麻醉时,顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应的情况。方法该研究对象为2015年9月-2016年10月期间67例入院行全麻腹部手术治疗者,所有患者麻醉评分ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,并根据患者是否患有糖尿病分为正常组、疾病组,所有患者麻醉诱导使用依托咪酯、顺式阿曲库铵、舒芬太尼,记录不同组顺式阿曲库铵起效时间、恢复指数TOF90以及恢复指数RI,分析糖尿病对肌松药物肌松效应的影响。结果疾病组肌松效应指标药物起效时间、恢复时间、临床作用时间以及恢复指数用时均长于正常组,疾病组药物起效用时长、作用时间长、肌松恢复用时长(P0.05)。结论糖尿病患者行静脉复合麻醉时,用药顺式阿曲库铵疾病会造成药物起效、作用时间延长,肌松恢复抑制情况。     

顺式阿曲库铵在肾移植手术中的应用

目的观察不同诱导剂量顺式阿曲库铵在肾移植手术中的肌松效应。方法 30例肾衰末期行肾移植手术的患者随机分成RⅠ组和RⅡ组各15例,麻醉诱导时分别静注2ED95和3ED95顺式阿曲库铵。用加速度仪对前臂尺神经行4个成串刺激（TOF）来评估神经肌肉阻滞程度,并与肾功能正常的NⅠ组和NⅡ组比较。结果 RⅠ组与NⅠ组、RⅡ组与NⅡ组间比较,顺式阿曲库铵起效时间及各肌松恢复参数均稍有延长,但无统计学差异。与RⅠ组和NⅠ组比较,RⅡ组和NⅡ组起效时间明显提前,但各组未发现组胺释放现象。结论肾衰对全麻诱导期间单次静注顺式阿曲库铵的药效学无明显影响,增加诱导剂量可缩短起效时间,顺式阿曲库铵可安全地用于肾移植患者的麻醉。     

顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵在老年麻醉中的应用

目的观察顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵的肌松作用是否受年龄因素影响。方法 50例骨科手术患者按年龄分为两组,A组27例、年龄30～45岁,B组23例、年龄70～85岁。两组均于全麻诱导时给予1.5 mg/kg的顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵,采用TOF肌松监测仪进行肌松监测。全静脉麻醉,术中间断静脉推注顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0.1 mg/kg维持T1在5%～10%,至术毕。记录其肌松作用时间等药效学指标。结果 A组起效时间略快于B组,B组阻滞作用时间略长于A组,但两组比较均不具有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵肌松作用受年龄因素影响不大,适合应用于老年人的麻醉。     

顺式阿曲库铵对血流动力学及组胺释放的影响

目的在全麻诱导期间观察单次静注顺式阿曲库铵后的组胺释放作用及其对血流动力学的影响。方法ASAI～Ⅱ级全麻择期手术患者30例,随机分为顺式阿曲库铵组（Cis组）和阿曲库铵组（Atr组）,两组分别单次静注Cis0．15mg／kg和Atr0．75mg／kg。麻醉诱导及维持应用瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定静注全麻药前、静注全麻药后2min及静注肌松药后2min、5min的血浆组胺浓度。同时记录相应的平均动脉压（MAP）和心率（HR）,观察两组在注入肌松药前后的皮肤变化情况。结果Cis组血浆组胺浓度在静注顺式阿曲库铵后无明显变化,Atr组在静注阿曲库铵后血浆组胺浓度显著升高（P〈0．05）;两组在麻醉诱导后MAP比诱导前有显著降低（P〈0．05）,HR无显著变化;两组皮肤在静注肌松药前后均未发现明显改变。结论作为新型的肌肉松弛药,顺式阿曲库铵可以安全地应用于临床全麻诱导。     

老年人顺式阿曲库铵预注法给药的合理剂量

顺式阿曲库铵是一种新型中时效非去极化肌松药,是阿曲库铵的10种同分异构体之一,它具有作用强,恢复较快,无蓄积作用,不释放组胺,对循环系统影响小,代谢不依赖肝肾功能等优点,是目前较理想的肌松药.但其不足之处是起效速度较慢.全麻诱导给药后气道保护性反射减弱至获得理想插管条件之间的这段时间是麻醉危险期,病人可能发生反流、误吸等并发症.本研究旨在通过比较不同的预注剂量对老年人顺式阿曲库铵起效速度的影响,最终确定一个比较合理的预注剂量从而为临床更合理使用顺式阿曲库铵提供依据 .     

熵指数监测用于老年患者纤支镜检查喉罩全麻的临床研究

目的探讨熵指数(EI)监测麻醉深度对老年纤支镜检查患者喉罩全麻质量及麻醉用药量的影响。方法选取广州中医药大学附属中山医院麻醉科择期行纤支镜检查老年患者64例,男性29例,女性35例,年龄≥64岁,采用随机数字表将患者分为对照组和EI监测组,每组32例。对照组根据传统麻醉深度监测指导用药,EI监测组根据EI指导麻醉用药,麻醉方式均为丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼双通道靶控输注。观察术中各时点心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)和血氧饱和度变化;记录丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量;记录检查时间、睁眼时间、喉罩拔除时间和清醒时间;观察术后24 h内恶心、呕吐、躁动及术中知晓等不良反应,进行患者满意度和纤支镜检查医师评分。结果相比对照组,丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼用量明显减少;睁眼时间、喉罩拔除时间和清醒时间缩短;术后24 h恶心、呕吐发生率降低(P0.05);患者满意度及纤支镜检查医师评分增高(P0.05)。结论EI监测能够提高老年纤支镜检查患者喉罩全麻的麻醉质量,节省麻醉费用。     

顺式阿曲库铵用于肝硬化患者全凭静脉麻醉的肌松效应

40例ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级接受手术的患者,根据肝功能情况分为两组,实验组为20例肝硬化患者,对照组为20例肝功能正常者。麻醉诱导后静注0．15mg／kg（3ED95）顺式阿曲库铵,用TOFWatchSX加速度仪进行肌松监测。发现两组T1最大阻滞程度均为100％,实验组起效时间延长,其余药效学参数两组无统计学差异。提示3EP95剂量顺式阿曲库铵用于肝硬化患者能提供优良插管条件,但起效时间延长,反复追加无蓄积,恢复迅速。     

七氟醚不同呼气末浓度对顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间的影响

顺式阿曲库铵是阿曲库铵10种同分异构体中的1种,是一种新型的中时效非去极化肌松药。为探讨七氟醚对顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间的影响,2009年2～12月,我们将七氟醚不同呼气末浓度稳定40min后给予顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵,以观察后者起效时间的变化。     

肌松药对老年患者全麻喉罩通气术后咽喉痛的影响

目的评估喉罩(LMA)通气全麻的老年患者麻醉中使用肌松药对术后咽喉痛发生率和严重程度的影响。方法 60例老年LMA通气全麻患者随机分为肌松组(A组)及非肌松组(B组)。麻醉诱导时两组以相同方式静注咪达唑仑、芬太尼和依托咪酯,同时A组静注顺阿曲库铵,B组给予等体积的生理盐水,两组均插入选定型号的LMA,并记录麻醉诱导置入LMA时(T1)、麻醉诱导后30 min(T2)、麻醉诱导后60 min(T3)及手术结束时(T4)平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、气道压力的变化;患者的LMA拔除时间(即手术结束至LMA拔出的时间)及Aldrete评分≥9分的时间;随访手术结束LMA拔出即刻、术后1、6及24 h病人术后咽喉痛的发生率和严重程度。结果两组手术时间为50⁹0 min,差异无统计学意义。两组术中血流动力学改变差异无统计学意义,但B组术后咽喉痛发生率和严重程度高于A组(P<0.05)。结论进行LMA通气的全身麻醉中,不使用肌松药的麻醉维持虽然能够提供满意的手术条件,对血流动力学影响不大,但会明显增加患者术后咽喉痛的发生率和严重程度。     

两组全麻药在支撑喉镜下声带小结摘除术后清醒效果对比

目的 探讨应用全凭静脉复合全麻完成支撑喉镜下声带小结摘除术后,两组患者的复苏清醒效果的对比.方法 66例声带小结患者随机分成A、B两组,每组33例,A组选用全麻药物为芬太尼、丙泊酚、咪达唑仑做全麻诱导;B组选用全麻药物为芬太尼、丙泊酚、利多卡因做全麻诱导,肌松药物均使用阿曲库铵.插管后静脉维持药物均使用丙泊酚、芬太尼微泵注射,手术结束时停药.结果 两组麻醉效果相同,B组患者清醒时间比A组快,清醒彻底,无嗜睡现象,术后拔管时间快.结论 在支撑喉镜下声带小结摘除术中使用咪达唑仑会影响术后患者清醒时间,有嗜睡现象,加用多沙普伦可改善这一现象,加快患者清醒速度.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.