ApoAI基因多态性与NIDDM关系的研究

采用限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）技术，对９０例中国汉族人进行分析，发现载脂蛋白ＡＩ（ＡｐｏＡＩ）Ｍ１等位基因频率在体重指数（ＢＭＩ）≥２４的ＮＩＤＤＭ与ＢＭＩ〈２４的ＮＩＤＤＭ之间、在动脉硬化（ＡＳ）与正常对照组之间均存在显著性差异。此外，ＮＩＤＤＭ件ＡＳ（ＮＡ）的等位基因频率分布与ＮＩＤＤＭ相似，与ＡＳ不同。根据上述结果，认为：ＡｐｏＡＩ基因与ＢＭＩ≥２４的ＮＩＤＤＭ相关联：ＢＭＩ≥２４的Ｎ     

ApoA_Ⅰ基因多态性与NIDDM关系的研究

采用限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）技术，对９０例中国汉族人进行分析，发现载脂蛋白ＡⅠ（ＡｐｏＡⅠ）Ｍ１等位基因频率在体重指数（ＢＭＩ）≥２４的非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）与正常对照组之间、在ＢＭＩ≥２４的ＮＩＤＤＭ与ＢＭＩ＜２４的ＮＩＤＤＭ之间、在动脉硬化（ＡＳ）与正常对照组之间均存在显著性差异。此外，ＮＩＤＤＭ伴ＡＳ（ＮＡ）的等位基因频率分布与ＮＩＤＤＭ相似，与ＡＳ不同。根据上述结果，认为：ＡｐｏＡⅠ基因与ＢＭＩ≥２４的ＮＩＤＤＭ相关联；ＢＭＩ≥２４的ＮＩＤＤＭ与ＢＭＩ＜２４的ＮＩＤＤＭ之间存在着遗传异质性；ＡｐｏＡⅠ基因与ＡＳ相关联；在ＡｐｏＡⅠ基因水平上，未见ＮＩＤＤＭ与ＡＳ相关联。     

顺德市桂洲镇35~59岁农业人群血压,血糖与血脂调查结果分析

目的了解顺德市桂洲农业人口人群的血压、肥胖、血糖与血脂等心血管病危险因素情况。方法采用整群抽样方法，抽取当地农业人口３５～５９岁人员为调查对象，进行包括病史询问、血压测量、身高、体重、腰围、臀围测量、血糖、血脂检测等项目检查。结果高血压（ＳＢＰ≥１４０ｍｍＨｇ和／或ＤＢＰ≥９０ｍｍＨｇ）患病率为１３．９５％，血脂异常组的高血压患病率及肥胖（ＢＭＩ≥２５ｋｇ／ｍ＾２）发生率均比正常组高（Ｐ＜０．００     

饮食和运动干预治疗对糖尿病发病率的影响—530例糖耐量低减人…

对１９８６年在大庆人群糖尿病调查诊断的５７７例糖耐量低减者按体重指数（ＢＭＩ）≥２５（３５２例）及＜２５（２２５例）分组基础上再随机分为人数相等的对照、饮食、运动及运动加饮食干预治疗组。６年前瞻性观察证明，在各组年龄、ＢＭＩ、空腹及服糖后２小时血糖相当的基础上，对照组、饮食、运动、饮食加运动干预治疗组的糖尿病人年发病率分别为１５．７％、１０．０％，８．３％及９．６％。多因素分析调整年龄，ＢＭＩ及血     

中国人血清瘦素水平与肥胖度的关系

目的研究１５～６８岁中国人血清瘦素（ｌｅｐｔｉｎ）水平与体脂、年龄、性别及睾酮的关系。方法用放射免疫分析法测定７７例正常非肥胖和２８例超重或肥胖个体〔体重指数（ＢＭＩ）≥２５〕的血清瘦素水平。结果中国人正常非肥胖者平均瘦素浓度男性为（２．１５±１．４６）μｇ／Ｌ,女性为（７．８６±３．６０）μｇ／Ｌ;超重或肥胖者平均瘦素浓度男性为（４．８７±３．４７）μｇ／Ｌ,女性为（１６．５９±６．９２）μｇ／Ｌ,女性均较男性高约２～３倍。血清瘦素水平与ＢＭＩ显著相关（男子ｒ＝０．６９,Ｐ＜０．００１;女子ｒ＝０．６３,Ｐ＜０．００１）,但２５％的肥胖个体仍存在有瘦素的相对性缺乏。结论血清瘦素水平与ＢＭＩ显著相关提示多数肥胖个体存在瘦素抵抗,部分瘦素相对性缺乏的肥胖者将有可能成为瘦素治疗的对象。     

不同性别成人乳糜泻患者的临床特征分析

背景：乳糜泻临床表现多样,女性患病率较高。目的：分析不同性别成人乳糜泻患者的临床特征。方法：回顾性连续纳入2017年7月—2022年7月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院首诊为乳糜泻的成人（年龄≥18岁）患者,分析不同性别组间人口学和临床、病理特征的差异。结果：共73例成人乳糜泻患者纳入研究,男性19例,女性54例,男女性比例为1∶2.84。高发年龄段为30～59岁,男、女性诊断时平均年龄分别为（50.2±13.6）岁和（43.5±13.2）岁,不同性别组间各年龄段分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;18～49岁和≥50岁年龄段女性占比均高于男性（P<0.05）。最常见的胃肠道症状是慢性腹泻（56.2%）和腹痛（56.2%）;贫血则是最常见的肠外表现（50.7%）,男、女性检出率分别为36.8%和55.6%。腹痛和恶心/呕吐症状在女性中更为常见（P均<0.05）;其他胃肠道和肠外表现,如慢性腹泻、腹胀、食欲减退、体质量减轻、慢性疲劳、贫血、低蛋白血症、骨质疏松/骨量减少等在不同性别组间差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。小肠活检病理分级MarshⅡ级和Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅲc...     

北京地区20682人群糖尿病筛查及1566人OGTT的研究

为积极开展对糖尿病的防治，我们在１９９４年北京地区年龄≥２５岁、城市农村各半的２０６８２人群进行标准馒头餐试验，以馒头餐后２小时血糖≥６．７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ者１５６６人施以ＯＧＴＴ、胰岛素、血脂、尿白蛋白及血压（ＢＰ）、ＥＣＧ检查。结果表明：北京地区糖尿病（ＤＭ）患病率为３．４４％，比１９８０年增高４．８倍，糖耐量减低（ＩＧＴ）患病率为３．２６％，北京近郊和远郊农村ＤＭ和ＩＧＴ患病率都明显高于城区（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＢＭＩ≥２５和ＢＰ＞１８．７／１２．０ｋＰａ（１４０／９０ｍｍＨｇ）者ＤＭ和ＩＧＴ的患病率明显高于ＢＭＩ＜２５和ＢＰ≤１８．７／１２．０ｋＰａ者，患病率随年龄增加呈等倍级数递增。本次调查而诊断的ＤＭ组中，已并发冠心病者占２６．９６％，并发早期糖尿病肾病者占３２．８％。     

体重指数、腰围／臀围比与血压、血脂的相关性

本研究于１９９３年在北京地区抽取２５～６４岁的男女两性１２８２人，分析了体重指数（ＢＭＩ）、腰围／臀围比（ＷＨＲ）与血压、血脂的相关性。结果显示：男女两性的ＢＭＩ和ＷＨＲ均随年龄的增加而增加；男性ＷＨＲ显著高于女性（Ｐ＜０．００１），而ＢＭＩ无性别差异（Ｐ＝０．０６）。控制其它危险因素后，ＢＭＩ与男女两性的舒张压正相关；ＷＨＲ与血压的相关无显著性。ＢＭＩ、ＷＨＲ均与血脂独立相关，ＷＨＲ与血脂的相关性强于ＢＭＩ与血脂的相关性。本研究结果提示：ＢＭＩ反映的是调整身高后的体重值，它与血压的相关性较强；ＷＨＲ反映的是脂肪分布，它与血脂的相关性较强。此结果对高血压、高脂血症的防治具有重要的指导意义。     

脱氢表雄酮对老年男性体脂分布与血脂的影响

目的探讨脱氢表雄酮对老年男性体脂分布与血脂的影响。方法对照分析６４例老年肥胖男性者［体重指数（ＢＭＩ）≥２５］口服不同剂量脱氢表雄酮硫酸酯后体脂与血脂的变化。结果口服脱氢表雄酮硫酸酯２５ｍｇ，每日１次，３月后较服药前ＢＭＩ下降（３６９±０５２）％、股骨皮下脂肪厚度减少（６４８±２２１）％、肾周脂肪减少（２４２±１９１）％。口服脱氢表雄酮硫酸酯５０ｍｇ，每日１次，３月后较服药前ＢＭＩ下降（２３６±０７２）％、股骨皮下脂肪厚度减少（１６７±０８９）％、肾周脂肪减少（２８７±１４７）％。２组与对照组有明显差别（Ｐ＜００５）。血脂未发现明显变化。结论老年人口服脱氢表雄酮对改变体脂分布有一定的作用，但对血脂无明显作用。     

高血压家族遗传因素,超重与胰岛素抵抗的关系及其相加作…

为探讨高血压家族遗传因素，超重与胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）关系及相加作用，本研究采用家系调查法，对比分析高血压家系直亲属正常血压者和对照家系直系亲属的有关参数，两家系均按超重和非超重（ＢＭＩ≥２５ｋｇ／ｍ＾２或ＢＭＩ〈２５ｋｇ／ｍ＾２）分组，结果表明，四组间除血糖外，胰岛素及其对数转换植，胰岛素敏感指数均有显著的统计学差异，高血压家系非超重组胰岛纱敏感显著低于对照家系相应组，调整年龄，性别后，各组间胰镐素     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.