初发和复发翼状胬肉成纤维细胞分泌基质金属蛋白酶的比较及汉防己甲素对其的影响

目的检测培养的初、复发翼状胬肉成纤维细胞分泌基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)的情况,并作为观察指标了解汉防己甲素(tetrandrine,Tet)对其的抑制作用。方法相同的条件下培养初、复发翼状胬肉与正常球结膜成纤维细胞,酶联免疫吸附试验检测培养的细胞上清液中MMP-1、MMP-3、MMP-9的含量,同时应用10-5mol·L-1Tet作用于培养的初、复发翼状胬肉成纤维细胞,48h后分析培养液中上述MMPs含量的变化。结果培养的初、复发翼状胬肉成纤维细胞上清中MMP-1含量均较正常球结膜高(均为P<0.05),加入10-5mol·L-1Tet后均明显下降(均为P<0.05),但初发翼状胬肉上清中MMP-1含量仍高于正常球结膜(P<0.05),而复发翼状胬肉上清中MMP-1含量与正常球结膜相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);初发翼状胬肉上清中MMP-1含量明显高于复发翼状胬肉,加入Tet后仍较复发翼状胬肉高(均为P<0.05)。培养的初发翼状胬肉成纤维细胞上清中MMP-3含量较正常球结膜高(P<0.05),加入10-5mol·L-1Tet后明显下降(P<0.05),但仍高于正常球结膜(P<0.05);复发翼状胬肉上清中MMP-3含量低于正常球结膜(P<0.05)。培养的初、复发翼状胬肉和正常球结膜成纤维细胞上清中均未检测到MMP-9。结论初、复发翼状胬肉成纤维细胞MMP-1、MMP-3的分泌有明显的差异,Tet对初、复发翼状胬肉成纤维细胞MMP-1及初发翼状胬肉MMP-3的分泌有明显的抑制作用。     

汉防己甲素体外对正常结膜与翼状胬肉成纤维细胞抑制作用的比较

目的:观察汉防己甲素(tetrandrine,Tet)对正常结膜和翼状胬肉成纤维细胞抑制作用的异同。方法:在相同的培养条件下,传第3代的正常结膜与翼状胬肉成纤维细胞皆加入不同浓度的Tet,分别于加药后1和3d行MTT检测细胞的存活率。结果:用药后1d,4×10-5和2×10-5mol/LTet对正常结膜与翼状胬肉成纤维细胞存活率无显著性差异(P>0.05),其余各浓度的Tet对翼状胬肉成纤维细胞的抑制作用大于正常结膜成纤维细胞,正常结膜成纤维细胞的存活率大于翼状胬肉成纤维细胞(P<0.01)。用药后3d,4×10-5mol/LTet组翼状胬肉成纤维细胞的存活率大于正常结膜成纤维细胞(P<0.01);其余各浓度的Tet对两种成纤维细胞存活率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:用药后3d,2×10-5mol/L及半数抑制量(10-5mol/L)以下浓度的Tet对翼状胬肉成纤维细胞起抑制作用,而对正常结膜成纤维细胞的影响较小。     

汉防己甲素抑制翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖的研究

目的:观察汉防己甲素对体外培养的翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖抑制作用并探讨其机制,寻找治疗翼状胬肉和预防其复发的有效药物.方法:(1)倒置相差显微镜下观察不同浓度的Tet作用下,体外培养的翼状胬肉成纤维细胞形态的变化,并与丝裂霉素(Mitomycin,MMC)进行比较.(2)MTT比色法测定不同浓度的Tet作用48h对体外培养的翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖的抑制作用,并与MMC进行比较.(3)流式细胞仪检测不同浓度的Tet作用48h,体外培养的翼状胬肉成纤维细胞细胞周期的变化.结果:(1) Tet作用下,细胞胞体收缩,变圆,间隙增宽,药物浓度高时,细胞碎裂,浮起.0.1,0.2g/L MMC作用下大量细胞碎裂,溶解.(2)不同浓度的Tet作用48h对体外培养的翼状胬肉成纤维细胞的增殖均有明显的抑制作用(P＜0.01);0.1g/L与0.2g/L MMC、4×10-5 mol/L Tet与0.2g/L MMC对翼状胬肉成纤维细胞活性的影响无显著性差异(P＞0.05).Tet的IC50接近10-5mol/L(为0.848×10-5mol/L).(3)Tet作用下,翼状胬肉成纤维细胞周期中S期细胞增多,浓度越高,作用越明显.结论:汉防己甲素对翼状胬肉成纤维细胞的增殖具有明显的抑制作用,呈剂量依赖性,细胞分裂被阻止在S期(DNA合成期).可望用于对翼状胬肉的治疗.     

汉防己甲素对翼状胬肉成纤维细胞抑制作用的实验研究

目的观察汉防己甲素对体外培养的翼状胬肉成纤维细胞的抑制作用，寻找治疗翼状胬肉和预防其复发的有效药物。方法用MTT比色法测定不同浓度的汉防己甲素对体外培养的翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增生的抑制作用，并与丝裂霉素C（MMC）进行比较；用荧光定量PCR检测10^-5mol／L的汉防己甲素对翼状胬肉成纤维细胞基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）MMP-3 mRNA的表达的影响。结果不同浓度的汉防己甲素对体外培养的翼状胬肉成纤维细胞的增生均有明显的抑制作用（P〈0．01）；10^-5mol／L的汉防己甲素作用24h其MMP-3 mRNA的表达量下降了27．12％。结论汉防己甲素对翼状胬肉成纤维细胞具有明显的抑制作用，可望用于对翼状胬肉的治疗。     

粉防己碱对翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增生作用的研究(英文)

目的:观察粉防己碱(tetrandrine,Tet)对体外培养人翼状胬肉成纤维细胞(human pterygium fibroblast,HPF)增殖的影响,研究粉防己碱对翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖的作用,寻找辅助治疗翼状胬肉的新方法。方法:用不同浓度(0 ～160μmol/L)Tet作用体外培养的HPF,观察24 ～96h Tet对HPF的影响。MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率,免疫细胞化学法检测Tet干预前后HPF增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达情况。结果:在Tet20, 40, 80, 160μmol/L浓度作用24 ～72h范围内,可剂量和时间依赖性的抑制HPF增生(P<0.05)。Tet干预后PCNA蛋白表达下降,当Tet的浓度在20 ～160μmol/L范围内能浓度依赖性地抑制细胞表达PCNA(P<0.05)结论:Tet可显著抑制翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增生,在一定浓度和时间范围内抑制作用呈剂量与时间依赖性。但在高浓度时( >160μmol/L)可能存在细胞毒性作用。     

小檗碱调节翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖能力的机制研究

目的:探讨小檗碱对体外培养翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖能力的影响及可能的作用机制。方法:通过对手术获取的翼状胬肉组织进行培养,获取翼状胬肉成纤维细胞。采用不同终浓度(0、20、40、80μmol/L)小檗碱对细胞进行诱导,检测小檗碱诱导后翼状胬肉成纤维细胞凋亡水平、线粒体膜电位和凋亡相关因子mRNA与蛋白表达水平变化。结果:小檗碱能够以剂量依赖的方式提高体外培养翼状胬肉成纤维细胞线粒体去极化水平、细胞凋亡比率、促凋亡基因Bax和Bad mRNA与蛋白的表达水平,降低Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结论:小檗碱可能通过提高体外培养翼状胬肉细胞线粒体去极化水平诱导胬肉细胞发生凋亡。     

VEGF诱导对翼状胬肉成纤维细胞血管生成拟态影响的研究

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)诱导对人翼状胬肉成纤维细胞血管生成拟态(VM)的影响。方法收集在广州市增城区人民医院行翼状胬肉手术的6例新鲜的初发性人翼状胬肉标本(年龄41~58岁)。将人翼状胬肉新鲜组织剪碎后进行体外贴壁细胞常规培养,并采用波形蛋白(Vimentin)免疫细胞化学染色和广谱细胞角蛋白(CK)染色对人翼状胬肉成纤维细胞进行鉴定。分别设置对照组和不同浓度的VEGF(1 ng/ml、10 ng/ml及100 ng/ml)组,取生长良好的3~5代翼状胬肉成纤维细胞进行分组培养。采用细胞计数试剂盒-8法检测各组成纤维细胞的增殖能力。应用细胞三维培养技术和糖原染色法观察各组VM的进展情况,采用蛋白质印迹法检测各组细胞的基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2和低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)蛋白的表达。各组吸光度(OD值)、MMP-2及HIF-1α的描述均采用均数±标准差(x珋±s)表示,对照组与不同浓度VEGF组的比较采用单向方差分析,当差异有统计学意义时,进一步两两比较。双变量相关性分析采用Spearman's等级相关分析。结果人翼状胬肉成纤维细胞鉴定结果显示,细胞爬片经苏木精-伊红染色后,在显示镜下细胞呈长梭形、三角形、扇形或不规则状。细胞免疫化学染色结果显示,细胞的胞浆呈Vimentin阳性表达,广谱CK阴性表达。细胞计数试剂盒-8法检测细胞增殖结果显示,对照组、1 ng/ml组、10 ng/ml组及100 ng/ml组细胞的OD值分别为0.57±0.023、0.59±0.012、0.77±0.024及1.014±0.035。对照组和1 ng/ml组比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.21,P>0.05);10 ng/ml组和100 ng/ml组的OD值均明显高于对照组和1 ng/ml组(t=14.78,12.34;P<0.05);100 ng/ml组的OD值最高,与对照组、1 ng/ml组及10 ng/ml组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=20.12,19.45,13.41;P<0.05)。细胞三维培养及糖染色显示,10 ng/ml组和100 ng/ml组均出现VM结构,而对照组和1 ng/ml组未发现VM结构。10 ng/ml组和100 ng/ml组VM结构的密度分别为4.40±1.14和12.40±2.07,差异有统计学意义(t=-7.899,P<0.05)。对照组、1 ng/ml组、10 ng/ml组及100 ng/ml组细胞的MMP-2值分别为0.26±0.038、0.29±0.013、0.39±0.013及0.73±0.014;对照组、1 ng/ml组、10 ng/ml组及100 ng/ml组细胞的HIF-1α值分别为0.087±0.0086、0.087±0.0031、0.15±0.0016及0.37±0.026。对照组和1 ng/ml组中MMP-2和HIF-1α灰度值的差异均无统计学意义(t=1.21,0.01;P>0.05);10 ng/ml组中MMP-2和HIF-1α灰度值均显著高于对照组和1 ng/ml组(t=7.92,6.85,17.64,17.82;P<0.05);100 ng/ml组的中MMP-2和HIF-1α灰度值均显著高于其他3组(t=28.48,26.45,18.72,25.31,24.78,15.45;P<0.05)。翼状胬肉成纤维细胞的血管生成拟态密度与MMP-2和HIF-1α表达呈显著正相关(r=0.509,0.503;P<0.05)。结论 VEGF能够增强人翼状胬肉成纤维细胞的增殖能力、促进VM出现及促使MMP-2和HIF-1α表达增高。提示VEGF因素可能是翼状胬肉出现VM的分子机制,并协同增强MMP-2和HIF-1α表达一起影响翼状胬肉的进展。     

汉防己甲素对翼状胬肉成纤维细胞相关因子分泌的影响

目的 观察翼状胬肉组织块分泌的相关因子变化,了解汉防己甲素（tetrandrine,Tet）对翼状胬肉病变的作用.方法 收集初发翼状胬肉（实验组）和正常球结膜组织块（对照组）体外培养上清液,ELISA检测上清液中血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）、白介素-1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）的含量及10^-5 mol·L^-1 Tet作用48 h实验组中各因子含量的变化.结果 实验组上清液中VEGF含量较对照组高（P＜0.01）;加入Tet作用48 h后明显下降（P＜0.01）,与对照组上清液中VEGF含量无差异（P＞0.05）.2组上清液中IL-1β的含量相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 VEGF在翼状胬肉新生血管形成中发挥着重要作用.汉防己甲素对翼状胬肉组织中VEGF的分泌有明显抑制作用,有良好的应用前景,但IL-1β在翼状胬肉中的作用仍需进一步研究.     

MMP-3、MMP-8在翼状胬肉中的表达

目的研究MMP-3、MMP-8、在翼状胬肉发生发展中的作用及其相关性和临床意义。方法①10例翼状胬肉标本抽提总DNA并行RT-PCR扩增,探讨MMPs基因表达在翼状胬肉中的作用。②应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测50例翼状肉组织和10例正常结膜组织MMP-3、MMP-8的表达,并分析其与翼状胬肉临床病理参数间的关系。结果1.MMP-3在10例正常结膜组织中未见阳性表达,50例翼状胬肉组织中阳性～强阳性表达39例,阳性率78%,与正常结膜组织间差异具显著性(p<0.005)。MMP-3在翼状胬肉组织的进展期、静止期和复发性病变组织的表达,差异具显著性(p<0.05)。在不同职业患者的MMP-3表达有显著性差异,其中户外MMP-3的表达高于户内(p<0.05)。在不同年龄组、性别组MMP-3表达无显著性(p>0.05)。2.MMP-8在10例正常结膜上皮组织中阳性表达1例,而50例翼状胬肉组织中,阳性～强性性表达41例,阳性率82%,与正常结膜组织间差异具显著性(p<0.005)。在不同职业患者的MMP-8表达有显著性差异,其中户外MMP-8的表达高于户内(p<0.05)。在不同分期及复发性的病变组织中、在不同年龄组、性别组MMP-8表达差异均无显著性(p>0.05)。3.MMP-3与MMP-8的表达具有高度相关性(p<0.005)。结论MMP-3、MMP-8在翼状胬肉中表达的程度与其患者的职业类型有关,但与患者的性别、年龄无显著相关性。MMP-3的表达与其分期及复发相关,MMP-8的表达与其分期及复发不相关。MMP-3与MMP-8的表达具有高度相关性,它们之间可能有协同作用。MMP-3、MMP-8活性表达升高可能与翼状胬肉的发生发展有关。     

翼状胬肉上皮细胞中β-catenin和CyclinD1表达的研究

目的 探讨翼状胬肉上皮细胞的病理改变和β-catenin/Wnt信号通路及其下游靶基因CyclinD1的表达.并比较其与复发性翼状胬肉的表达差异.方法 收集翼状胬肉组织26例,其中复发翼状胬肉8例.正常结膜组织6例.冰冻包埋后行HE和免疫组织化学和免疫荧光染色,检测上皮细胞中β-catenin和CyclinD1的表达.并作相关分析.结果 翼状胬肉上皮细胞增生,上皮细胞中β-catenin和CyclinD1表达水平明显高于正常结膜.β-catenin表达平均阳性细胞数124.85±9.25,积分光密度826.56±10.25.CyclinD1表达平均阳性细胞数90.40±9.63,积分光密度531.85±12.36.β-catenin和CyclinD1表达水平具有正相关.在复发性翼状胬肉上皮细胞中β-catenin和CyclinD1表达水平较初发翼状胬肉有增加.其中β-catenin表达平均阳性细胞数295.12±11.26,积分光密度1145.25±16.58.CyclinD1表达平均阳性细胞数162.54±9.24,积分光密度856.26±13.85,差异有统计学意义.结论 Wnt/β-catenin通路可能通过CyclinD1参与翼状胬肉上皮细胞的发病过程.     

Follow-up studies in pattern VECP in demyelinating diseases in children

Spectral sensitivity functions and the transient decrease of sensitivity to short wavelengths after the offset of yellow light (transient tritanopia) were measured by increment threshold techniques in patients suffering from hereditary macular degenerations. Color vision defects were determined by arrangement tests and the anomaloscope. Central areolar choroidal dystrophy was found to produce a mild protan defect and to reduce foveal spectral sensitivity throughout the visible spectrum by a factor of 100; it also abolishes transient tritanopia. Electroretinogram (ERG) was normal, electrooculogram (EOG) subnormal. Stargardt's disease, despite numerous fluorescent macular spots, does not abolish transient tritanopia nor does it reduce spectral sensitivity, although scotopic matches were performed on the Nagel anomaloscope. Only in severe, advanced cases was transient tritanopia reduced and spectral sensitivity found to follow the absorption spectrum of rods. Routine ERGs and EOGs were normal. Vitelliform macular degeneration, despite the ophthalmoscopically pronounced dystrophic macula, produced only very small changes in spectral sensitivity and transient tritanopia, although a widened matching range on the Nagel anomaloscope and electrophysiological abnormalities were found. Apparently damage of the retinal circuit which connects long and short wavelength-sensitive cones, caused by hereditary conditions, is different from that caused by retinotoxic drugs.     

p53 expression in pterygium in two climatic regions in Turkey

Purpose:

To assess accumulation of p53 protein in samples of primary pterygium from people living in two different climatic regions in Turkey.

Materials and Methods:

Group 1 included 101 pterygium specimens from people in Adana located in southern Turkey. Group 2 included 39 pterygium specimens from people in Ankara, located in the middle of Turkey. Climatic conditions throughout the year are sunnier and warmer in Adana than they are in Ankara. The control group (Group 3) included 30 specimens of conjunctiva that had been excised during cataract surgery from 30 patients without pterygium. The pterygial specimens and control conjunctiva were studied by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against p53 protein. Pearson''s chi-square test was used to compare the p53 immunoreactivity.

Results:

The p53 immunoreactivity in Groups 1 and 2 was greater than it was in the control group (P<0.001). There were no differences in p53 immunoreactivity between Groups 1 and 2 (P= 0.060).

Conclusion:

The p53 immunoreactivity was not correlated with ultraviolet irradiation exposure. The p53 immunoreactivity in our pterygium specimens suggests that pterygium could be a result of uncontrolled cell proliferation.     

Trends in Patterns of Anterior Uveitis in a Tertiary Institution in Singapore

Purpose: To report the trends in etiology of patients with anterior uveitis (AU) in Singapore over 6 years.

Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical records of all new patients who presented with anterior uveitis to the uveitis subspecialty clinic from 2005 to 2010 at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

Results: There were 552 new cases of AU. This comprised 59.5% of a total of 928 new patients diagnosed with uveitis from 2005 to 2010. The mean age was 48.0?±?17.2 years. There was a male predominance (62.5%), with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. The majority were of Chinese ethnicity (69%), followed by Malays (13.2%). Most cases were unilateral (79.5%) and idiopathic (50.4%). Common etiological causes included Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) (5.6%), ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-related AU (5.1%), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (4.7%), and herpes zoster virus (HZV) (4.5%). There were increasing trends in AS-related AU from 3.2% in 2008 to 6.5% in 2010, and psoriasis-associated AU from 1.7% in 2005 to 4.0% in 2008. There were decreasing trends in the incidence of FHI from 10.6% in 2006 to 4.7% in 2009. No change in incidence of viral etiologies was noted, but cytomegalovirus-related immune-recovery uveitis (IRU) comprised 7.4%. IRU showed an increasing trend from 1.7% in 2005 to 11.9% in 2007, then decreased to 3.3% in 2010. Using the Pearson chi-square test, there was no statistically significant association between ethnicities (Chinese, Malay, Indian) comparing infectious and noninfectious cases (p?=?0.788), idiopathic and nonidiopathic cases (p?=?0.170), or between the various etiologies of uveitis (p?=?0.168).

Conclusions: AU was the predominant form of uveitis seen at our centers. Infectious etiologies (18.5%) are the most common among nonidiopathic cases, with herpes viruses (9.2%) being most prevalent. Despite increased use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of microbial and viral DNA, there was no overall increase in detection of infectious causes for uveitis. The changes in CMV-related immune recovery uveitis from 2005 to 2010 could reflect a change in HIV management in Singapore.     

Changes in Bruch's membrane in experimental hypercholesteremia in rats

PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of high cholesterol diet for the aging changes in Bruch's membrane of rats. METHODS: After feeding a 4% cholesterol diet for 15 weeks to three young rats 3 months old and four aged rats 23 months old, we observed the morphological changes of Bruch's membrane by electron microscopy, and made a comparison with rats fed an ordinary diet. RESULTS: In one young rat fed a high-cholesterol diet, the endothelial basement membrane of the choriocapillaris formed multiple folds separated from the plasma membrane of the endothelium and showed lamellar thickening and crack in some areas. The elastic fiber layer in Bruch's membrane disappeared partly and some new microfibrils appeared. In one aged rat fed a high-cholesterol diet, the endothelial basement membrane of the choriocapillaris showed more lamellar thickening with lumps in some parts. Compared with rats fed an ordinary diet, rats fed a high-cholesterol diet showed thickening of the basement membrane and the changes were more severe. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that high-cholesterol diet might promote age-related changes of Bruch's membrane.     

Orthokeratology practice in children in a university clinic in Hong Kong*

Purposes: The aim of this study was to analyse clinical data of children undergoing orthokeratology (ortho‐k) and to investigate patients’/parents’ perspective on ortho‐k via telephone interviews. Methods: Clinical records of children undergoing ortho‐k from a university optometry clinic were reviewed and the effects of ortho‐k on refraction, vision and cornea were investigated. A telephone interview was conducted to solicit patients’/parents’ perspective of the treatment. Results: One hundred and eight files were reviewed. Median age of the children was nine years (range six to 15); mean (±SD) pre‐treatment refractive sphere was ‐3.56 ± 1.49 D and the median refractive cylinder was ‐0.50 D (range zero to ‐4.25 D). Significant refractive spherical reduction (58 per cent), improvement in unaided vision and corneal topographical changes were noted after only one night of wear. No significant change in astigmatism was found. Corneal staining was the most commonly observed complication with ortho‐k and more than 80 per cent of patients were advised to apply ocular lubricants to loosen the lens before lens removal. Ortho‐k was mainly undertaken for myopic control and about 90 per cent of the respondents reported good/very good unaided vision after ortho‐k and ranked the treatment as satisfactory or very good. Lens binding and ocular discharge were the most frequently reported problems during the treatment. Conclusion: Under close monitoring, overnight ortho‐k is effective and safe for reducing low to moderate myopia and the treatment is well accepted by the children.     

内毒素诱导的大鼠葡萄膜炎的巨噬细胞中Toll样受体4的表达

目的 探讨在内毒素诱导的Wistar大鼠葡萄膜炎中Toll样受体4(TLR4)阳性细胞与虹膜组织中巨噬细胞的动态变化和分布.方法 实验研究.Wistar大鼠50只,用随机数字法随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为正常对照(0 h)组、6 h组、12 h组、24 h组及48 h组.除0 h组外其余各组均足垫部注射霍乱弧菌内毒素200μg,注射后于裂隙灯显微镜下观察双眼前节炎症反应变化.按实验分组于0、6、12、24、48 h处死大鼠.取虹膜一睫状体及脉络膜组织.通过葡萄膜铺片免疫组织化学方法检测TLR4和巨噬细胞的标记CD163的表达.人工计数虹膜中TLR4~+与CD163~+的细胞并计算细胞密度,计算圆形和多形性的CD163~+细胞占所有CD163~+细胞的百分比.进一步采用免疫荧光双标记检测TLR4和CD163共表达的情况.通过单因素方差分析分别对大鼠虹膜内阳性细胞密度以及圆形、多形性CD163~+细胞的百分比进行统计学检验.结果 正常大鼠虹膜睫状体组织不表达TLR4.6 h组有2只大鼠虹膜内可见少量TLR4~+细胞,12～48 h组所有大鼠虹膜内TLR4~+细胞明显增多(F=167.2,P＜0.001),虹膜内TLR4~+细胞密度分别为(506.1±39.5)个/mm~2(12 h组)、(492.3±54.5)个/mm~2(24 h组)及(663.8±150.2)个/mm~2 (48 h组).在注射LPS后12～48 h期间TLR4~+细胞形态无明显变化.0～48 h组大鼠虹膜内均有CD163~+细胞,0 h组圆形和多形性CD163~+细胞百分比为13%,12～48 h组其百分比约为80%,且圆形细胞主要位于虹膜基质层.免疫荧光双标记可见TLR4和CD163的共表达,TLR4位于细胞膜,CD163位于细胞质.5组大鼠脉络膜内均未见TLR4表达.结论 内毒素诱导的大鼠葡萄膜炎中虹膜内TLR4表达增高,部分虹膜固有巨噬细胞表达TLR4.TLR4可能在葡萄膜炎的发生发展中起一定作用.     

弱视眼底光学相干断层扫描的研究进展

弱视是由于视觉发育关键期内各种异常的视觉经验导致单眼或双眼最佳矫正远视力低于正常同龄儿童,而眼部无明显器质性病变。目前普遍观点认为,弱视的发病机理主要源于视皮层。近年来,光学相干断层扫描（OCT）作为一种先进的活体成像技术,促进了对视网膜形态结构的大量研究,同时也被应用到弱视的研究领域。陆续有不同的研究人员利用OCT发现弱视患者眼底视网膜、脉络膜等眼部结构存在改变。笔者将对弱视眼底OCT的研究进展做一综述。     

实验性糖尿病视网膜微血管病变的病理研究

目的：观察糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy,DR）的组织学改变。方法：应用光镜、免疫组织化学、电镜及组织化学电镜等技术,研究在不同时间点Spregue-Dawley(SD)大鼠视网膜毛细血管基底膜中的Ⅳ型胶原蛋白及层黏蛋白和视网膜毛细胞血管基底膜的厚度,以及其负电荷位点数目的变化。结果：随着糖尿病病程的发展,视网膜毛细血管基底膜下不断增厚伴有Ⅳ型胶原蛋白及层黏蛋白的增加,同时负电荷位点数目减少。结论：视网膜毛细血管基底膜增厚,Ⅳ型胶原蛋白及层黏蛋白的增加,负电荷位点数目减少可能是导致DR渗出性病变的病理基础。     

Telemedicine in diabetic retinopathy screening in India

With ever-growing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its most common microvascular complication diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Indian population, screening for DR early for prevention of development of vision-threatening stages of the disease is becoming increasingly important. Most of the programs in India for DR screening are opportunistic and a universal screening program does not exist. Globally, telemedicine programs have demonstrated accuracy in classification of DR into referable disease, as well as into stages, with accuracies reaching that of human graders, in a cost-effective manner and with sufficient patient satisfaction. In this major review, we have summarized the global experience of telemedicine in DR screening and the way ahead toward planning a national integrated DR screening program based on telemedicine.