重度妊高征终止妊娠时机及方式的探讨

目的 :探讨重度妊高征终止妊娠的时机和方式对母儿的影响。方法 :对 35例重度妊高征进行了回顾性分析研究。观察新生儿的窒息率和死亡率。结果 :产前子痫 3例 ,产时子痫 2例 ,产后子痫 1例 ,先兆子痫 30例。母亲全部存活。剖宫产率 82 .86 %。新生儿的窒息率 35 .7% ,围产儿死亡率 12 .5 %。结论 :治疗重度妊高征 ,适时终止妊娠是极重要的手段 ,终止妊娠的方式首选剖宫产     

20年间双胎妊娠并发症变化及妊娠结局的比较分析

目的:探讨20年间双胎妊娠发生率及双胎妊娠并发症变化趋势,分析双胎妊娠的结局。方法:回顾分析1991年(24例)、2001年(87例)及2011年(287例)双胎妊娠分娩孕妇的临床资料。随机选取同年分娩的单胎妊娠孕妇各300例、900例及2900例作为对照组。分析双胎妊娠和单胎妊娠分娩孕妇的差异。结果:双胎妊娠率逐年增长。双胎妊娠孕妇主要以剖宫产方式终止妊娠。双胎妊娠的新生儿窒息、围生儿死亡率、低体重儿及新生儿转科率均显著高于单胎妊娠(P0.05)。与单胎妊娠相比,双胎妊娠的胎膜早破、早产、子痫前期、产后出血、贫血发生率显著增高(P0.05)。与1991年、2001年相比,2011年双胎妊娠合并贫血的发生率明显提高,子痫前期(PE)的发生率降低,差异显著(P0.05)。结论:双胎妊娠增加了妊娠期并发症及新生儿不良预后的发生。     

双胎妊娠子痫前期预防和处理

子痫前期（preeclamsia,PE）是妊娠期严重并发症,与母体及围产儿不良结局的发生有密切关系,是孕产妇严重并发症发生的主要原因。双胎妊娠并发子痫前期的发生率比单胎高3～4倍且双胎妊娠子痫前期发病更早,对孕产妇及围产儿造成的影响更大。文章根据双胎妊娠的临床特点,结合现有的妊娠期高血压疾病诊治指南及专家共识对双胎妊娠子痫前期预防和临床处理方案进行阐述。     

慢性高血压并发早发型重度先兆子痫单胎孕妇围产期母儿结局的回顾性分析

目的探讨慢性高血压并发早发型重度先兆子痫较单纯早发型重度先兆子痫是否会增加母儿的不良结局。方法自1999年7月1日至2009年6月30日北京大学第一医院共收治早发型重度先兆子痫单胎孕妇300例,其中慢性高血压并发早发型重度先兆子痫者59例(A组),单纯早发型重度先兆子痫者241例(B组),对两组孕妇的母儿结局进行分析,讨论慢性高血压并发早发型重度先兆子痫是否会增加母儿的不良结局。结果两组孕妇一般情况没有明显的差异,A组的最高收缩压和舒张压明显高于B组(P0.05)。两组孕妇严重并发症如胎盘早剥、HELLP综合征、肺水肿、肝功能损害和子痫等发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组除了新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的发生率明显高于B组外(P0.05),两组围产儿死亡率、胎儿生长受限、新生儿窒息、颅内出血和坏死性小肠结肠炎的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在病情允许的情况下,通过严密监测母儿一般状况、积极地对症治疗并采用适当的期待疗法,慢性高血压并发早发型重度先兆子痫较单纯早发型重度先兆子痫没有对母儿造成明显的不良后果。     

三胎及四胎妊娠围产期管理及妊娠结局(附25例分析)

目的　通过分析三胎及四胎妊娠妇女的临床资料 ,总结围产期治疗及管理方法 ,了解孕产妇及围产儿结局。　方法　回顾性分析 2 5例三胎及四胎妊娠的围产期处理方法及母儿结局。　结果　 16例三胎及 9例四胎妊娠的围产期管理方法包括营养、各种保胎措施、预防妊高征、胎儿监测及预防产后出血 ;分娩时平均孕周为 (35 .7± 2 .7)周和 (34.4± 2 .6 )周 ;新生儿平均出生体重为 (1981± 493) g和 (1817± 439) g;围产儿死亡率分别为 83‰ (4/ 48)和 16 7‰ (6 / 36 )。　结论　综合性的围产期管理可明显改善围产儿结局 ,减少母体并发症。     

重度妊高征与围产儿情况——附358例分析

重度妊高征为孕产妇及围产儿死亡的主要原因之一,虽近年来孕产妇死亡率明显下降,但围产儿的患病率及死亡率仍高。本文总结了1982年1月至1985年12月3年间358例重度妊高征的围产儿情况,并对重度妊高征的胎儿应如何进行重点监护及处理进行讨论。资料分析本组总结重度妊高征358例(其中4例为双胎)的362例围产儿情况。358例重度妊高征中单纯妊高征者310例,慢性高血压病并发妊高征者36例,慢性肾炎并发妊高征12例,并取同期298例正常单胎的围产儿     

妊高征的遗传学病因

妊高征的遗传学病因上海第二医科大学附属仁济医院（２００００１）汪希鹏林其德妊高征（先兆子痫／子痫）是妊娠特异性的并发症，是导致母儿病率及病死率的主要原因之一。流行病学资料提示妊高征有家族遗传倾向，尤其是孕妇之母有妊高征病史者易患该病。近年来，随着遗传...     

单、双胎妊娠并发子痫前期不良妊娠结局的荟萃分析

目的探讨单、双胎妊娠并发子痫前期的孕妇与围产儿不良结局发病率差异。 方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国学术文献总库、万方和维普中文数据库中2000年1月至2017年12月国内外发表的关于单、双胎妊娠并发子痫前期妊娠结局的研究。采用RevMan 5.3与Stata 12.0软件对资料进行荟萃分析,采用OR值及相应的95%CI评价不良结局与双胎妊娠并发子痫前期的相关性。 结果纳入10篇文献,共692例双胎妊娠合并子痫前期,3101例单胎妊娠合并子痫前期。双胎妊娠合并子痫前期组发病率高于单胎妊娠合并子痫前期：胎盘早剥OR＝2.16,95%CI为1.40～3.36;产后出血OR＝2.90, 95%CI为2.03～4.15;心功能衰竭OR＝3.73, 95%CI为2.10～6.63 ;肺水肿OR＝2.76, 95%CI为1.04～7.27;剖宫产OR＝2.27, 95%CI为1.58～3.26;胎膜早破OR＝2.99, 95%CI为1.64～5.47;早产OR＝6.24,95%CI为4.16～9.38,新生儿重症监护病房转入率OR＝2.33, 95%CI为1.66～3.26。 结论双胎妊娠合并子痫前期的不良妊娠结局包括胎盘早剥、产后出血、心功能衰竭、肺水肿、剖宫产、胎膜早破、早产和新生儿重症监护病房转入的发病率比单胎妊娠合并子痫前期高。     

早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗及妊娠结局

目的：探讨早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗和终止妊娠时机选择对母儿结局的影响。方法：对72例早发型重度子痫前期病例进行回顾性分析,按终止妊娠的孕周分3组,比较母儿结局。结果：随期待治疗时间的延长,新生儿窒息率和死亡率明显下降（P〈0．01）,而孕妇并发症无明显增加。结论：对早发型重度子痫前期,期待治疗和适时终止妊娠是最大限度降低孕产妇和围产儿死亡率的重要方法。     

孕28至32周重度妊高征的期待治疗

目的 :探讨孕 2 8～ 32周重度妊高征期待治疗疗程长短对母儿结局的影响。方法 :1993年 1月至 2 0 0 4年 2月收治孕 2 8～ 32周重度妊高征 35例 ,积极治疗组 6例 (A组 ,治疗时间未满 4 8h) ,短疗程期待治疗组 15例 (B组 ,≤ 11d)和长疗程期待治疗组 14例 (C组 ,>11d) ,比较期待治疗两组的母儿结局。结果 :(1)期待治疗两组的孕妇确诊孕周 ,确诊时收缩压和舒张压 ,2 4h尿蛋白定量和肾功能差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )C组孕妇重要脏器损害累积数高于B组 (0 .93vs 0 .80 ) ,但差异无显著性。除了A组外 ,胎儿窘迫和小于胎龄儿总发生率分别为 4 8.3%和 34.4 8% ,B组明显低于C组 (2 6 .7%vs 71.4 % ,18.18%vs 5 3.85 % ,P<0 .0 5 )。两组新生儿体重、窒息发生率、NICU天数和住院天数、新生儿患病率差异无显著性 ;(3)除了由于失误导致围产儿死亡以外 ,总围产儿死亡率 15 1.5‰ ,A组、B组和C组围产儿死亡率分别为 2 0 0‰、83.3‰、187.5‰ ,B组显著低于C组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :(1)对早发型重度妊高征进行期待治疗之前 ,应对母儿进行细致、充分的评估 ;(2 )早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗应有期限。     

Screening for preeclampsia in twin pregnancies

Twin pregnancies are an important risk factor for preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that is associated with a significant risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity. Given the burden of preeclampsia, the identification of women at high risk in early pregnancy is essential to allow for preventive strategies and close monitoring. In singleton pregnancies, the risk factors for preeclampsia are well established, and a combined first-trimester prediction model has been shown to adequately predict preterm disease. Furthermore, intervention with low-dose aspirin at 150 mg/day in those identified as high-risk reduces the rate of preterm preeclampsia by 62%. In contrast, risk factors for preeclampsia in twin pregnancies are less established, the proposed screening models have shown poor performance with high false-positive rates, and the benefit of aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia is not clearly demonstrated. In this review, we examine the literature assessing prediction and prevention of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies.     

Primiparity, assisted reproduction, and preterm birth in twin pregnancies: a population based study

Objective To determine the prevalence of pregnancy complications among primiparous patients with twin gestation in our population and to investigate the association between the increased rates of assisted reproduction (ART) in twin gestation and preterm birth (PTD). Material and methods A retrospective population based cohort study was designed, including all twin deliveries after 24 weeks gestation (n = 2,601). The study group included 666 primiparous women and the comparison group 1,935 multiparous women. Maternal characteristics and perinatal outcome were evaluated. Women with fetal malformations were excluded. A multiple logistic regressions analysis for independent risk factors was performed including factors that were significantly different between the study groups in the univariate analysis. Patient’s data were obtained from computerized database and analyzed using SPSS statistical package. Results Primiparous women had a significantly higher rate of preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, ART, prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) preterm deliveries (PTD), labor dystocia, cesarean section (CS) and vacuum extraction of the first twin than the multiparous group. Primiparous patients had a significantly lower gestational age at delivery and neonatal birth weight of the first and second twin. In multiple logistic regressions analysis primiparity and ART were independent risk factors for PTD, (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.78; OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.09–1.71, respectively). Conclusions (1) Primiparous patients with twin gestation represent a unique population with high rate of infertility and underlying diseases such as chronic hypertension in comparison to the multiparous women with twin gestation; (2) primiparity is an independent risk factor for prematurity in twin gestations; and (3) although primiparous women had an increased maternal complications, neonatal mortality rates were not significantly different from multiparous women.     

慢性高血压并发子痫前期的母儿结局分析

目的 了解慢性高血压并发子痫前期与非慢性高血压并发子痫前期患者的临床特征和母儿结局.方法 回顾分析2009年1月1日至2017年12月31日在广州医科大学附属第三医院住院分娩的妊娠≥20周的单胎妊娠诊断为子痫前期的病例资料.按是否为慢性高血压分为慢性高血压并发子痫前期组及非慢性高血压并发子痫前期组,分析两组的临床特征与...     

Perinatal outcome in women with recurrent preeclampsia compared with women who develop preeclampsia as nulliparas

OBJECTIVE: To compare the rates and perinatal outcome in women who experienced preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy to those in women who developed preeclampsia as nulliparas. STUDY DESIGN: This is a secondary analysis of data from 2 separate multi-center trials of aspirin for prevention of preeclampsia. Women who had preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy (n = 598) were compared with nulliparous women (n = 2934). Outcome variables were rates of preeclampsia, preterm delivery at <37 and <35 weeks of gestation, small-for-gestational-age infant, abruptio placentae, and perinatal death. Data were compared by using chi-square analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: The rates of preeclampsia and of severe preeclampsia were significantly higher in the previous preeclamptic group as compared to the nulliparous group (17.9% vs 5.3%, P <.0001, and 7.5% vs. 2.4%, P <.0001, respectively). Women who had recurrent preeclampsia experienced more preterm deliveries before 37 and 35 weeks of gestation than nulliparous women who developed preeclampsia. In addition, among women who developed severe preeclampsia, those with recurrent preeclampsia had higher rates of preterm delivery both before 37 weeks (67% vs 33%, P =.0004) and before 35 weeks of gestation (36% vs 19%, P =.041), and higher rates of abruptio placentae (6.7% vs 1.5%) and fetal death (6.7% vs 1.4%) than did nulliparous women. CONCLUSION: Compared to nulliparous women, women with preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy had significantly higher rates of preeclampsia and adverse perinatal outcomes associated with preterm delivery as a result of preeclampsia.     

肾上腺糖皮质激素对双胎围产儿预后的影响

目的 探讨肾上腺糖皮质激素对双胎妊娠围产儿的作用。方法 56例双胎妊娠孕妇根据是否应用糖皮质激素分成两组,实验组:18例,于分娩前1周到24小时之间曾应用糖皮质激素;对照组:38例,在该时间内未应用糖皮质激素。比较两组围产儿预后间的差别。结果 在分娩孕周≤34周时,实验组的新生儿呼吸窘迫症的发病率和围产儿死亡率明显低于对照组(P<0.05);在孕周>34周时,无一例发生新生儿呼吸窘迫症,围产儿死亡率在实验组反而高于对照组(P<0.05);新生儿窒息的发生率在两组之间无明显的差别。结论 双胎妊娠可能在34周或以前分娩者,肾上腺糖皮质激素可降低新生儿呼吸窘迫症的发生率和围产儿死亡率;在34周以后分娩者,肾上腺糖皮质激素对改善围产儿预后无效。     

Hypertensive disorders in twin versus singleton gestations. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare rates and severity of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, as well as perinatal outcomes when these complications develop, between women with twin gestations and those with singleton gestations. STUDY DESIGN: This was a secondary analysis of prospective data from women with twin (n = 684) and singleton (n = 2946) gestations enrolled in two separate multicenter trials of low-dose aspirin for prevention of preeclampsia. End points were rates of gestational hypertension, rates of preeclampsia, and perinatal outcomes among women with hypertensive disorders. RESULTS: Women with twin gestations had higher rates of gestational hypertension (relative risk, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.60-2.59) and preeclampsia (relative risk, 2. 62; 95% confidence interval, 2.03-3.38). In addition, women with gestational hypertension during twin gestations had higher rates of preterm delivery at both <37 weeks' gestation (51.1% vs 5.9%; P <. 0001) and <35 weeks' gestation (18.2% vs 1.6%; P <.0001) and also had higher rates of small-for-gestational-age infants (14.8% vs 7. 0%; P =.04). Moreover, when outcomes associated with preeclampsia were compared, women with twin gestations had significantly higher rates of preterm delivery at <37 weeks' gestation (66.7% vs 19.6%; P <.0001), preterm delivery at <35 weeks' gestation (34.5% vs 6.3%; P <.0001), and abruptio placentae (4.7% vs 0.7%; P =.07). In contrast, among women with twin pregnancies, those who remained normotensive had more adverse neonatal outcomes than did those in whom hypertensive complications developed. CONCLUSIONS: Rates for both gestational hypertension and preeclampsia are significantly higher among women with twin gestations than among those with singleton gestations. Moreover, women with twin pregnancies and hypertensive complications have higher rates of adverse neonatal outcomes than do those with singleton pregnancies.     

1340例妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的回顾性分析

目的 回顾分析1340例妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(intrahepatic eholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)患者的临床资料,探讨ICP分型对诊断和处理的临床意义. 方法 对我院2000年1月至2007年12月的8年中收治的1340例ICP患者病例资料进行回顾性分析.比较不同ICP分型患者的临床表现、生化结果、分娩方式、围产儿结局等指标. 结果 ICP患者占同期产科住院孕妇总数的8.58 oA(1340/15 625),院内分娩孕妇的早产发生率为11.72 %(124/1058).新生儿窒息率为2.07%(23/1110),围产儿死亡率为1.08%(12/1110).75.97%(1018/1340)的ICP孕妇以皮肤瘙痒为主要症状,轻、重型ICP患者皮肤瘙痒症状出现的比例差异无统计学意义[74.89%(522/697)和77.14%(496/643),X~2=0.94,P>±.05].ICP患者有、无皮肤瘙痒时的围产儿死亡率(1.02%和1.46%)、新生儿窒息率(2.30%和1.82%)和早产发生率(11.61%和12.04%)差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).甘胆酸(glycocholic,acid,CG)≥64.43/μmol/L与CG＜64.43μmol/L、AST和(或)ALT≥250U/L与AST和ALT均<250U/L、TBA>40/μmol/L与TBA<40μmol/L的患者比较,前者的围产儿死亡率、新生儿窒息率和早产的发生率均低于后者(P均d0.05).轻型ICP患者平均分娩孕周晚于重型ICP患者[(38.3±1.9)周和(36.1±1.7)周,P<0.05],而剖宫产率(73.73%和97.33%)、早产率(6.13%和18.28%)、新生儿窒息率(1.05%和3.49%)和围产儿死亡率(0.18%和2.26%)均低于重型ICP患者(P均<0.05). 结论 ICP分型对终止妊娠时问、分娩方式选择有指导意义,重型ICP宜剖宫产,轻型ICP可在密切监护下阴道试产.     

辅助生殖技术单胎妊娠结局分析

目的:研究辅助生殖技术(ART)与自然受孕两种不同受孕方式单胎妊娠的妊娠结局。方法:回顾分析2009年1月1日至2017年12月31日在广州医科大学附属第三医院住院分娩的妊娠≥20周的单胎妊娠病例资料。按受孕方法分为ART组及自然妊娠组,分析两组母儿结局,再按是否为高龄妊娠,比较ART组及自然妊娠组的母儿结局。结果:ART组孕妇的平均年龄、初产妇、定期产检、非足月胎膜早破(PPROM)、羊水量异常、子痫前期、妊娠期高血压、妊娠合并血小板减少症、妊娠期糖尿病、糖尿病合并妊娠、前置胎盘、胎盘植入/粘连、产后出血、剖宫产分娩、产钳/吸引产助产、人工剥离胎盘、药物/机械性引产、流产、胎儿窘迫及胎儿为男性发生率均高于自然妊娠组,ART组的住院天数更长,分娩孕周更低,转诊重症监护病房(ICU)、急性器官衰竭发生风险较低,ART组围产儿平均体重高于自然受孕组。高龄妊娠孕妇中,ART组的妊娠期糖尿病、剖宫产分娩发生风险增加。非高龄妊娠孕妇中,ART组子痫前期、妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、糖尿病合并妊娠、流产、PROM、羊水量异常、前置胎盘、胎盘植入/粘连、产后出血、胎儿窘迫、人工剥离胎盘、药物/机械性引产发生风险增加。ART组较自然妊娠组钳产/吸引产风险均增加,产妇转诊ICU及非规律产检发生风险均降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:ART受孕单胎妊娠并发症及新生儿不良结局发生率高于自然妊娠组孕妇,但其更注重孕期产检;在非高龄妊娠孕妇中,ART组母儿不良结局风险增加,而高龄妊娠孕妇中,ART组母儿不良结局风险增加不明显。