单纯疱疹病毒1型体外感染人口腔上皮细胞的初步探讨

目的 观察单纯疱疹病毒1型(herpes simplex virus type 1,HSV-1)体外感染人口腔上皮细胞的途径和方式,为研究HSV-1导致牙周病的机制提供依据.方法 在体外扩增获得HSV-1,将其感染人口腔上皮细胞,再转移感染Vero细胞.倒置显微镜及透射电镜下观察.应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术对病毒核酸进行检测.结果 倒置显微镜下人口腔上皮细胞未见细胞病变,转移感染后的Vero细胞发生典型细胞病变.透射电镜下在人口腔上皮细胞内未观察到病毒颗粒,在转移感染后的Vero细胞里可见典型的病毒颗粒.HSV-1感染后的人口腔上皮细胞内可检测到病毒核酸.结论 HSV-1可直接感染人口腔上皮细胞,为进一步研究HSV-1导致牙周病的机制提供了较好的体外模型.     

洗必泰对单纯疤疹病毒感染的体内外效果观察

单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)是人体一种最常见的传染性病毒,特别是免疫抑制的患者极易感染。本研究通过体内外试验发现洗必泰(CHX)可以明显地抑制Ⅰ型HSV 的复制和细胞溶解作用,建议用洗必泰漱口在一些患者中对控制HSV-Ⅰ感染是有益的。体外试验将在培养基中生长的HSV-Ⅰ接种到单     

抗疱疹病毒药物的研究进展

人类疱疹病毒分为8型，其中单纯疱疹病毒1型（herpes simplexvirus-1，HSV-1）、单纯疱疹病毒2型（HSV-2）、水痘-带状疱疹病毒（varicella-zostervirus，VZV）、巨细胞病毒（cytomegalovirus，CMV）、Epstein—Barr病毒（Epstein-Barrvirus，EBV）、人类疱疹病毒8型（human herpes virus-8，HHV-8）均可引起皮肤黏膜，包括口腔黏膜的病损。     

人乳头瘤病毒、疱疹病毒Ⅰ型及人巨细胞病毒与口腔鳞癌关系的研究

目的:研究口腔鳞癌与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)、疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(HSV-Ⅰ)和人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)的关系.方法:采用斑点杂交和PCR技术检测32例口腔鳞癌、14例口腔白斑和10例正常口腔粘膜中HPV16、HSV-Ⅰ及HCMVDNA.结果:在正常口腔粘膜、白斑及口腔鳞癌中HPV16、HSV-Ⅰ及HCMVDNA感染率分别为0%、35.7%、50.0%,40.0%、50.0%、43.3%和0%、14.3%、28.1%,口腔鳞癌及白斑组织中HPV16-DNA的检出率均高于正常口腔,且差别具有显著性(p＜0.05);但HSV-Ⅰ和HCMVDNA在口腔疾患中的检出率与正常比较无显著差别(p＞0.05).结论:HPV16感染与口腔鳞癌的发生相关;HSV-Ⅰ和HCMV可能参予口腔鳞癌的发生及发展,并且与HPV16有协同致癌的作用.     

245例人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者唾液中人类疱疹病毒1～4型的检测情况分析

目的探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者唾液中人类疱疹病毒（HHV）1～4型即单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）、单纯疱疹病毒2型（HSV-2）、水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）和EB病毒（EBV）的分布情况。方法利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法对HIV感染者和健康者非刺激性全唾液中HSV-1、HSV-2、VZV和EBV DNA的存在情况进行检测,并采用SPSS 18.0软件建立数据库并进行相关指标的统计分析。结果在245例HIV阳性患者唾液中,HSV-1、HSV-2、VZV和EBV检出率分别为29.0%、3.3%、4.1%和82.0%;30例对照组唾液中上述4种病毒检出率分别为13.3%、0、0和36.7%。两组总体检出率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）使用后HIV感染者唾液中4种病毒的检出率与未使用HAART的患者差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论云南地区HIV感染者HHV有较高的流行率,以EBV最为常见,其次为HSV-1,VZV和HSV-2少见,还存在多种疱疹病毒联合感染。     

口腔颌面部炎症

石骨症伴下颌骨骨髓炎1例报告及文献复习，单纯疱疹病毒I型体外感染人口腔上皮细胞的实验研究,盐酸米诺环素软膏与丁硼乳膏治疗急性局限型智齿冠周炎的临床观察，伴全身中毒症状颌面部感染135例临床分析HIV感染患者的口腔表征及研究进展（综述）．     

口腔科治疗与单纯疱疹病毒感染

目前认为单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)并非是长期“单纯”的病毒,而是具有复杂特征的病毒。Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)最初感染婴幼儿,引起疱疹性口炎,病毒潜伏于体内,并有再活化性,常引起唇疱疹。口腔科治疗人员接触疱疹患者患部机会多,易被感染。患者也可交叉感染,这种病毒的传播媒介较多。美国某口腔医院发生群体感染HSV事件 Manzella等报告,1981年11月美国某口腔医院发生20人群体感染HSV的事件。据调查,11月6～10日在同一口腔医院就诊的患者中有20人的唇和口腔粘膜发生疼痛性溃疡,水疱,龈红肿,咽喉炎,发烧37.8℃以上,颈淋巴结肿大,体重减轻。6～10日以外就诊的患者中却未见此症状。查明该院口腔医士6日自觉左手指不适,10日发烧,手指出现多发性疼痛性水疱,11、12日皮肤科诊断为左手指疱疹性瘭疽,休息。发病者均经该口腔医士处置过,未经其处置的皆未发此病。口腔医士未感染过HSV,只是一周前没戴手套为单纯疱疹性唇炎患者做过口腔清洁处理。根据如下免疫学检验证明这些患者都感染了HSV-1。(1)血清学检查,19例中16例急性期和恢复期补体结合(CF)抗体效价     

柠檬提取物抗单纯疱疹病毒实验研究

目的:研究柠檬提取物对单纯疱疹病毒感染的抑制作用,探讨天然药物的抗病毒作用,为口腔局部用药提供新的选择.方法:采用MTY方法检验柠檬提取物对HSV-1的灭活作用和抗HSV-1感染细胞的作用.结果:柠檬提取物在1∶800稀释度时仍有灭活HSV-1作用和抗HSV-1感染细胞的作用.结论:柠檬提取物有抗病毒感染的潜力.     

病毒感染在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的病因学作用

口腔鳞状细胞癌（oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC）是上皮来源口腔恶性肿瘤中最常见的一种,其病因为遗传、环境、感染等多因素的相互作用。随着烟酒等经典因素的逐年减少,病毒感染在OSCC的发生发展中的作用愈发重要。现已确认人类乳头状瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）是OSCC发生的危险因素之一,另有部分学者认为,EB病毒（Epstein-Barr virus,EBV）、单纯疱疹病毒I型（herpes simplex virus 1,HSV-1）、人类巨细胞病毒（human cytomegalovirus,HCMV）、人类疱疹病毒6型（human herpes virus-6,HHV-6）,丙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis C virus,HCV）等多种病毒也具有口腔致癌能力,但这些观点尚存争议。本文回顾了近些年的相关文献,旨在揭示病毒感染对OSCC的病因学作用,并为未来的研究提供参考思路。     

原发单纯疱疹病毒(Ⅰ型)感染延迟大鼠口内伤口及拔牙创的愈合

本文研究了急性单纯疱疹病毒(Ⅰ型)(HSV-Ⅰ)感染对大鼠口内伤口及拔牙后牙槽窝愈合过程的影响。将颊粘膜做圆形(直径4mm)切除,拔除磨牙后,于伤口处局部涂抹HSV-Ⅰ混悬液。术后第一周内,病毒感染伤口的临床特点为红斑、水肿。组织学观察见重     

Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infection in human oral mucosa in culture

To examine the sensitivity of human oral mucosa to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) infection, human gingival mucosa explants were infected with either HSV-1 or HSV-2 in vitro and the expression of virus specific antigen was examined by the immunofluorescent antibody technique. HSV-2 antigen was found in the basement membrane, basal cell layer and lower prickle cell layer. This finding was consistent with the HSV-1 infection. Electron microscopic study revealed the presence of nucleocapsids and enveloped virus particles in the basal cells of HSV-2-infected organ cultures. These findings indicate that human gingival mucosa is sensitive to infection with HSV-2, as well as HSV-1, and that the virus may replicate in the undifferentiated epithelial cells of mucosal epithelium.     

Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 shedding in the oral cavity by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the prodromal stage of recrudescent herpes labialis

Recrudescent herpes labialis (RHL) is a disease caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). predominantly type 1 (HSV-1). We have monitored HSV-1 shedding in the oral cavity by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using digoxigenin-labeled primers designed to amplify a 278 bp segment of the HSV-1 UL 42 region. Prodromal RHL was confirmed by thermographic imaging in 22 patients. Infectious virus was not detected using tissue culture for virus isolation (0/22). Using PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. We could detect HSV-1 DNA in 8/22 patients. Using a biotinylated-probe internal to the predicted sequence of the PCR product. HSV-1 DNA was detected in 10/22 of the patients by ELISA. We conclude that HSV-1 DNA is shed into the oral cavity of patients presenting with sub-clinical RHL and that the PCR-EL1SA technique represents a more sensitive method to monitor HSV-1 shedding than conventional tissue culturing or PCR-electrophoresis alone.     

Effect of chlorhexidine on the in vitro and in vivo herpes simplex virus infection

Several investigations have recently shown that chlorhexidine (CHX) has antiviral activity, and they have indicated possible clinical use of CHX for the control of intraoral herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. In the present study, we have evaluated the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of CHX against type 1 HSV (HSV-1) infection. CHX moderately, but significantly, inhibited the replication and cytolytic activity of HSV-1 in Vero cell monolayers. When 0.2% CHX was applied topically onto the HSV-1 infected forehead skin of mice, the development of viral lesions and the viral titers in the skin and trigeminal ganglia were also moderately reduced. These data indicate that CHX oral rinse may be beneficial for the control of intraoral HSV-1 infection in certain patients, and warrants further controlled clinical study.     

Oral EBV and KSHV infection in HIV

The gamma herpesviruses, Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are tightly associated with the development of AIDS-associated oral disease and malignancy during immune suppression. The objective of this investigation was to characterize oral infection and pathogenesis in healthy and immune-suppressed individuals. To characterize oral EBV and KSHV infection, we examined throat washings and oral epithelial cells from HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Quantitative/real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assays, transmission electronmicroscopy, immunostaining, and sequence analysis were used to identify viral infection. Virus was isolated from throat-wash samples and was used to infect epithelial and lymphoid cell lines. We detected EBV and KSHV in the oral cavity in healthy and immune-suppressed individuals. Viral strain analysis of KSHV K1 in multiple clones from the oral cavities of healthy persons and immunosuppressed patients detected several strains previously detected in KS lesions, with minor strain variation within individuals. Immunoelectron microscopy for multiple viral antigens detected consistent expression of viral proteins and oral epithelial specimens. In oral epithelial cells infected with wild-type KSHV in vitro, the K8.1 glycoprotein associated with lytic KSHV infection was detected in both primary and telomerase immortalized oral epithelial cultures by 24 hours post-infection. Virions were detected, subsequent to infection, by scanning electron microscopy. Oral epithelial cells were also infected in vitro with wild-type EBV originating from throat washes. Analysis of these data suggests that, like EBV, KSHV infection is present in the oropharynx of healthy individuals, is transmissible in vitro, and may be transmitted by saliva.     

Nested PCR for detection of HSV-1 in oral mucosa

Background

It has been estimated that 15%-20% of human tumours are driven by infection and inflammation, and viral infections play an important role in malignant transformation. The evidence that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) could be involved in the aetiology of oral cancer varies from weak to persuasive. This study aimed to investigate by nested PCR (NPCR) the prevalence of HSV-1 in samples from normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Material and Methods

We investigated the prevalence of HSV-1 in biopsies obtained from 26 fresh, normal oral mucosa from healthy volunteers as well as 53 oral leukoplakia and 27 OSCC paraffin-embedded samples. DNA was extracted from the specimens and investigated for the presence of HSV-1 by nested polymerase chain reaction (NPCR) and DNA sequencing.

Results

HSV-1 was detected in 14 (54%) of the healthy samples, in 19 (36%) of the oral leukoplakia samples, and in 14 (52%) of the OSCC samples. The differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

We observed a high incidence of HSV-1 in healthy oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia, and OSCC tissues. Thus, no connection between OSCC development and presence of HSV-1 was detected. Key words:HSV-1, nested PCR, PCR.     

Primary herpes simplex virus (type 1) infection delays healing of oral excisional and extraction wounds in the rat

The effect of acute herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection on the healing process of intraoral wounds and tooth extraction sockets in the rat was studied. A standardized size of the buccal mucosa was excised and molars were extracted and a HSV-1 suspension was topically applied. The virus infected wounds were clinically characterized by erythema and swelling and histologically by heavy inflammation cell infiltrate and abscesses during the first week. The acute HSV-1 infection was found to significantly delay healing of both types of wounds by 3 days. Antiviral treatment with acyclovir (ACV) decreased the degree of inflammation and improved healing of the infected wounds. The present results indicate a delayed and disturbed healing of wounds in the oral cavity in the presence of HSV-1. The findings may have a clinical significance for primary or latent HSV-1 infections in conjunction with surgical intervention in the oral cavity.     

Explants of human oral epithelium exposed to viruses and cancer chemotherapeutics

Cultures of proliferating epithelial cells were established from explants of normal human oral epithelium from healthy young volunteers. The epithelial cells were found permissive for herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, coxsackie virus A-4 and A-16, adenovirus type 5, measles vaccine, rubella and influenza type A virus-. Medium from DEAE-pretreated epithelial cultures infected with two subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus-1 showed an increasing content of virusprotein with time by antigen ELISA testing. In contrast there was no evidence of infection with coxsackie virus type B-2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and varicella zoster virus. Treatment of the epithelial cells with a non-cytotoxic dose of cancer chemotherapeutic prior to or after infection with coxsackie virus A-4 or herpes simplex virus type 1 influenced the virus production dependent on both compound, mode of application, and virus. Adriamycin (doxorubicin) in low dose was found to stimulate the production of the two viruses.     

Herpes simplex virus type 1 shedding in the oral cavity of seropositive patients

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the frequency of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) reactivation in the oral cavity of seropositive patients with previous history of recurrent herpes labialis (recrudescent group) compared with those without any history of recrudescent lesions (asymptomatic HSV-1 infection). In addition, the relation between recrudescence and the presence of the virus in the saliva was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen individuals with previous history of herpes labialis (recrudescent group) and 11 HSV-1 seropositive asymptomatic volunteers were included in the study. Swabs were performed periodically in all subjects and the presence of HSV-1 DNA was identified by nested PCR. RESULTS: All the 25 subjects enrolled in the study, revealed at least one positive swab for HSV-1. The frequency of HSV-1 positivity in the group with recrudescent herpes labialis was not statistically different from the other group. Ten subjects of the recrudescent group presented with herpes labialis at least once during the study. CONCLUSIONS: HSV-1 shedding in the oral cavity occurs independently of herpes labialis recrudescence.