双侧唇裂或唇腭裂患者唇裂术后鼻唇畸形的Ⅱ期整复治疗

目的：介绍双侧唇裂／唇腭裂患者术后鼻唇畸形的Ⅱ期整复方法及效果。方法：将50例患者按鼻畸形、唇畸形的不同，分别采用三种不同的术式治疗。对上唇组织较多者，采用鼻底叉形瓣延长鼻小柱，上唇创缘直接缝合法；对鼻及上唇畸形较轻者，采用Noordhoff整复法治疗；对鼻唇畸形严重并有上唇过紧者，采用前唇组织瓣延长鼻小柱，下唇Abbe瓣旋转修复上唇正中缺损。结果：50例患者中，30例Ⅱ期修复后鼻形态正常，鼻孔大小对称，有良好的鼻堤，鼻小柱长度适中；恢复了上唇的高度和宽度，有明显的人中嵴、唇峰及唇珠，上下唇和谐。11例患者一般。结论：本文介绍的三种术式适用于不同类型双侧唇裂术后鼻唇畸形的患者。     

前唇星状瓣与改良Abbe氏瓣联合应用修复双侧唇裂术后严重鼻唇畸形

目的 修复双侧唇裂术后严重鼻唇畸形。方法 将前唇星状瓣与下唇改良Abbe氏瓣联合应用修复双侧唇裂术后严重鼻唇畸形。结果 本组病例共23例,均取得了较好的治疗效果。结论 此法对双侧唇裂术后继发鼻小柱短小、鼻尖扁平、鼻唇角不显、唇珠缺失、上唇过紧和过薄畸形均有较好的治疗效果。     

上唇肌皮瓣和Abbe瓣整复鼻小柱过短畸形和上唇过紧畸形

鼻小柱过短畸形和上唇过紧畸形是双侧唇裂整复术后的常见畸形。作者近年来采用上唇肌皮瓣和Ａｂｂｅ瓣法同时整复鼻小柱过短和上唇过紧畸形 ,获满意治疗效果。材料和方法1 一般资料　双侧唇裂整复术后鼻小柱过短畸形伴中度或重度上唇过紧畸形 13例 ,其中男 5例 ,女 7例 ,年龄 16～ 32岁。用上唇肌皮瓣整复鼻小柱过短畸形和用Ａｂｂｅ瓣整复上唇过紧畸形。2 手术方法(1)上唇肌皮瓣整复鼻小柱鼻尖畸形。以鼻小柱基部为蒂 ,鼻小柱皮肤为宽 ,纵向切开上唇皮肤及唇肌全层 ,下达皮肤唇红交界处 ,形成一条皮肤肌肉瓣 ,沿双侧鼻小柱皮肤粘膜交界处…     

应用保留血管蒂Abbe瓣修复双侧唇裂术后继发畸形的临床研究

目的:探讨应用保留血管蒂Abbe瓣修复双侧唇裂患者术后继发鼻唇畸形的方法及其临床效果。方法:选取双侧唇裂术后继发鼻唇畸形患者10例,由同一医师应用保留血管蒂Abbe瓣对其进行修复,测量术前术后患者鼻唇部的6项指标并分析,评估患者术后的效果及鼻唇部对称性。结果:患者术后均一期愈合,术后人中长度平均增加3.93 mm,人中宽度平均降低3.93 mm,全鼻宽平均降低1.69 mm,有显著统计学差异,上唇对称率达到97.29%,患者术后唇鼻外形恢复良好,接近正常。结论:应用保留血管蒂Abbe瓣修复双侧唇裂术后继发畸形效果良好,可以显著改善唇鼻形态和对称性,适合广泛应用于临床。     

单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的Ⅱ期整复

材料与方法1.自 1998年 8月至今作者在门诊手术室对 32例单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形患者进行Ⅱ期整复 ,其中男 14例 ,女 18例。年龄 13～ 2 9岁 ,平均 16岁。 15例术前曾行齿槽裂植骨修复术 ,2例曾行双重牙列修复术。图 1　经鼻小柱基底的“Ｕ”型切口　　图 2　经患侧鼻翼基底的类“Ｙ”型切口　　 2 .手术方法2 .1　双侧眶下神经阻滞麻醉及鼻部浸润麻醉。2 .2　经鼻小柱基底的“Ｕ”型切开患侧鼻翼软骨外侧脚 ,于鼻小柱与上唇皮肤交界处作一横切口 ,继沿鼻小柱两侧鼻孔内缘作隐蔽切口 ,健侧至鼻翼软骨内外侧脚交界处 ,患侧再向外延伸约 2～ 3…     

单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的二期整复

目的：观察单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形二期整复手术的效果。方法：选择自1997年3月－2001年2月在本科求医的单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形患者中的78例，全部采用鼻小柱基部的飞鸟形切口进路行鼻翼软骨内侧脚上移悬吊术，进行鼻畸形的二期整复，结果：所有病例术后鼻外形有明显改善，鼻小柱居中，双侧鼻孔大小基本相等，鼻翼鼻底丰满，鼻尖高挺。结论：鼻小柱基部飞鸟形切口进路的患侧鼻翼软骨内侧脚上移悬吊术是单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的二期整复有效的手术方法之一。     

鼻翼软骨外侧脚悬吊术联合牙槽嵴植骨整复唇裂鼻畸形

目的:探讨单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形整复的有效方法及牙槽嵴裂植骨同期手术的效果。方法:通过经鼻小柱基底的“U”型切口行患侧鼻翼软骨外侧脚悬吊术联合牙槽嵴植骨,整复13例唇裂鼻畸形患者,观察近、远期效果。结果:13例创口全部一期愈合,随访12～38月,鼻翼软骨外侧脚悬吊术联合牙槽嵴植骨对唇裂鼻畸形患者的鼻尖、鼻翼、鼻孔及鼻小柱畸形矫治术后外形满意,同时矫治了鼻底畸形和牙槽嵴裂。结论:该术式对整复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形是一种可靠的方法,可推广应用。     

使用Cutting法一期修复双侧唇裂鼻畸形的临床研究

目的:应用Dr.Cutting C在微笑列车光盘中推广的手术方法,进行双侧唇裂与鼻畸形同期整复,并探讨其术后的美容效果.方法:2007年12月至2008年7月,收治先天性唇裂患儿18例,男8例,女10例,年龄5个月至2岁.双侧完全性唇裂伴双侧完全性腭裂9例;双侧不全性唇裂6例,无腭裂;混合性唇裂3例,均未行术前正畸.应用原长法的原则进行唇裂整复,术中解削171轮m肌;唇珠的形态由侧唇红唇肌肉完成;红唇缘原有自然形态完整保存;并从鼻中隔角做中隔黏膜切口作为手术入路,上提鼻翼软骨的内侧脚,同期初步矫正鼻畸形.结果:18例均随访10 d至3个月,双侧完全性唇裂患儿形成明显的鼻尖形态,双侧鼻孔对称,鼻小柱形态近正常;1例混合性唇裂患儿两侧鼻翼基脚稍不对称.结论:应用Cutting法进行双侧唇裂与鼻畸形同期整复时,改善鼻唇的形态,延长鼻小柱并保存充分的前唇血供,获得满意效果.     

双侧唇裂术后鼻唇严重畸形患者的处理

双侧唇裂术后鼻唇严重畸形患者,作者采用前唇辦加下唇 Abbe 瓣联合术和上唇分叉辦术治疗,介绍了手术适应征、手术方法及临床应用取得了恢复正常的解剖结构和面部器官和谐的效果。     

唇裂术后鼻部畸形的功能性整复

唇裂术后鼻部畸形的功能性整复江苏省锡山市人民医院口腔科石昌年上海市口腔医院（筹）颖丽整形美容医疗中心刘世动灬方捷敏单侧或双侧完全性唇裂手术整复后均留下明显鼻部畸形：鼻炎塌向患侧、患侧鼻翼外侧脚呈外斜状、鼻底凹陷、鼻小柱过短及鼻孔顶部低于健侧，致使鼻孔...     

A new modified forked flap with subcutaneous pedicles for adult cases of bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity: from normalization to aesthetic improvement

In adult cases of bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity, an esthetically satisfying result can not be obtained only by manipulation inside the nose with the nasal tip pointing upward. The nasal tip should be made in a more anterior direction for nasal esthetic improvement. Additional tissue beyond the nose is needed, and the forked flap is a useful method in such cases. However, the blood circulation of long and narrow flaps containing the scar, especially after open rhinoplasty, is unstable. We have developed a new long and narrow forked flap that has a more stable blood circulation. The forked flap was made using two subcutaneous pedicles attached to the periphery of the each flap. We applied this flap to five adult cases of bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Four of the cases had the scar associated with the flying bird incision, and one case required no treatment after the primary repair. All the flaps took without signs of partial necrosis. In all cases, the nasal tip was projected forward with adequate columella elongation, and the profile was esthetically improved. In the final stage of correction for adult cases of bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity, this method, making maximum use of the tissue containing the scar in not only the white lip but also the vermilion, is very effective. It is very important to obtain nasal esthetic improvement for the adult patient with bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity.     

The central lip flap and nasal mucosal rotation advancement: important aspects of composite correction of the bilateral cleft lip nose deformity

The columella, nasal tip, lip relationship in the secondary bilateral cleft deformity remains an enigma and a great challenge for the cleft surgeon. A subset of patients with bilateral cleft lip still require columellar lengthening and nasal correction, despite the advances in preoperative orthopedics and primary nasal corrections. An approach to correct this deformity is described. This consists of (1) lengthening the columella by a central lip advancement flap; (2) open rhinoplasty, allowing definitive repositioning of lower lateral cartilages, ear cartilage grafting to the tip and columella when necessary; (3) nasal mucosal advancement; (4) alar base narrowing; and (5) reconstruction of the orbicularis oris as required. Depending on the individual assessment of the patients, some of these steps were not performed, leaving the nasal mucosal advancement the most important aspect of the reconstruction. In a consecutive series of 72 patients with repaired bilateral cleft lip and palate, 17 patients have been treated with nasal mucosal rotation advancement and followed up for a maximum period of 10 years. With the use of this technique, the secondary bilateral cleft lip nose deformity has been successfully corrected.     

Improved nasal tip projection in the treatment of bilateral cleft nasal deformity

The cleft nose deformity in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients with severely flattened alar cartilages, a short, scarred columella, and thickened skin is a reconstructive challenge. The Wolfe double-arch tip rhinoplasty technique was compared with a cartilage release and tip grafting technique to determine the optimal modality for tip projection and columella lengthening. Patients with significant bilateral cleft nasal deformities and previous bilateral cleft lip repairs were divided into two groups (n = 22). Group 1 (double-arch) patients underwent an open rhinoplasty using conchal cartilage grafts to create a columellar strut and new lower lateral arches placed over the existing arches (n = 12). In group 2 (release and tip graft), the lower lateral cartilages were released, and nasal tip grafting was performed (n = 10). Preoperative and 6-month postoperative measurements, including (1) columellar length, (2) alar base-nasal tip-columellar base (ATC) angle, and (3) lateral tip projection, were compared. The lateral tip projection is the perpendicular distance between the nasal tip and a line created from the connection of points at the nasion to the subnasale. In group 1 (double arch), the mean columella length increased 47.2%, whereas in group 2 (release and tip graft), it only increased 14.1%. The ATC angle had a mean decrease or narrowing of 26.7 degrees in group 1, compared with a 12.5 degrees decrease in group 2. Lateral tip projection improvement was greater in group 1 (52.2% increase) compared with group 2 (19.9% increase). The authors' data showed that for the difficult bilateral cleft nasal deformity with significant tip flattening, the double-arch tip rhinoplasty provides improved nasal tip projection.     

单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的手术矫正

目的 分析单侧唇裂鼻畸形产生机制,采用相应手术方法对不同年龄患者进行矫正治疗,探讨单侧唇裂鼻畸形手术效果的影响因素.方法 对患侧鼻翼软骨充分松解后与健侧鼻软骨缝合悬吊固定,在同侧鼻前庭黏膜皱褶处采用"Z"成形术,在鼻小柱基部及患侧鼻翼外侧基部的皮下及肌层悬吊固定.纠正鼻翼塌陷、鼻尖过低、鼻小柱偏斜等畸形.结果 56例患者中,鼻翼塌陷矫正满意者占80%,基本满意占18%;鼻尖高度改善满意占78%,基本满意占18%;鼻孔形态对称性及宽度满意占46%,基本满意占44%.总体满意度为94.6%.结论 唇裂继发鼻畸形矫正时对患侧鼻翼软骨的充分松解游离是关键环节,患侧鼻前庭黏膜皱褶不仅影响鼻部形态甚至通气功能,还可能使鼻畸形的表现更显突出,因而对鼻前庭黏膜皱褶的矫正也是十分重要的,尤其在矫正患侧鼻翼塌陷畸形方面有明显辅助作用.     

Repair of bilateral complete cleft lip and nasal deformity--state of the art.

OBJECTIVE: Dissatisfaction with the stigmata of repaired bilateral cleft lip has stimulated surgeons to change conventional operative strategies. The old staged labial repairs, one side and later the other, have been replaced by simultaneous closure. For nasal correction, most surgeons no longer believe that the columella is deficient, and thus there is no need to recruit tissue from the lip or nostril sills as a secondary procedure. The columella is concealed in the nose. The new strategy is to construct the columella and nasal tip by anatomic positioning of the alar cartilages and sculpting the investing skin. Furthermore, nasal correction is done at the time of bilateral labial repair and, whenever possible, the alveolar clefts are closed as well. The goal is primary repair of the primary palate. CONCLUSION: Although the principles of synchronous repair of the bilateral complete cleft lip and nasal deformity are established, the techniques continue to evolve. Bilateral nasolabial repair requires continual study of three-dimensional form and fourth-dimensional changes that are normal and altered by the deformity. Every surgeon who lifts a knife to care for these children has an obligation to periodically assess outcome.     

Comprehensive rhinoplasty technique to correct the bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity using conchal composite grafts.

INTRODUCTION: Anatomical abnormalities and heterogeneous tissue deficiencies of the bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity challenges the cranio-maxillofacial plastic surgeon to create a functional, yet aesthetically pleasing nose. The authors propose a comprehensive rhinoplasty technique to correct the bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity using composite conchal grafts. PATIENTS: Five children with bilateral cleft lip nasal deformities had nasal reconstruction using conchal composite grafts, averaging 5 years in age at time of surgery. Patient follow-up averaged 21 months. METHODS: An open tip rhinoplasty was performed using a 'V' shaped columellar incision. The conchal composite graft was obtained from the lateral aspect of the ear and was used to reconstruct the lateral alar mucosal defects. Conchal cartilage was used as a columellar strut. The columellar skin was closed in a 'V-Y' fashion, giving greater columellar length. RESULTS: Visual inspection confirmed that the cleft lip nasal deformity was improved in all patients. There were no postoperative complications. All patients had complete composite graft take with minimal donor site morbidity and deformity. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive rhinoplasty technique improves the abnormalities found in bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity by using the successful aspects of other methods and introducing the composite conchal graft.     

Three-dimensional Z-plasty in the correction of the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity.

OBJECTIVE: Numerous methods have been introduced for correction of the cleft lip nasal deformities, but no single procedure has given sufficiently satisfactory results to provide a surgical standard. Much effort has been put on restoring cartilaginous structures using alar cartilage modification and suspension. But even after the cartilage framework is repositioned well, redundant alar webbing is still unsightly and frequently conspicuous. This paper presents a procedure combining the usual open rhinoplasty technique and three-dimensional Z-plasty in an external approach to remove the alar web and to lengthen the columella at the same time. METHODS: Open rhinoplasty was performed in 26 consecutive patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity from 1991 to 1996. We used an open rhinoplasty approach, which is a combination of the usual infracartilaginous incision on the noncleft side and a small triangular flap on the cleft side. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: This external rhinoplasty incision can provide a wide surgical field for the handling of the whole cartilage framework. The three-dimensional Z-plasty utilizing redundant alar skin not only removes the alar web but also helps lengthen the columella and provides soft tissue to the nasal vestibule. This technique is easy, and the postoperative result is very consistent. Our open rhinoplasty approach has several advantages and can be a useful approach in the correction of the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity.     

单侧唇裂鼻翼软骨定位术与再定位术的设计及应用

鼻畸形矫正日益成为唇裂治疗关注的重点,其术后高复发问题是亟需解决的技术难点.笔者前期提出了依据中国人群鼻翼形态特点建立的鼻翼软骨二焦点固定技术(鼻翼软骨内固定术),之后在单侧唇裂整复中又建立了鼻小柱侧方软组织增量的理论与技术.基于对这两种技术的应用和总结,笔者将其进一步相结合从而发展出新的鼻畸形整复方法,称之为鼻翼软骨...     

Primary unilateral cleft lip repair without primary rhinoplasty. A preliminary report

A primary unilateral functional lip-plasty has been developed to improve the appearance of the asymmetrical nasal deformity and that of the lip scar in the cleft lip. A triangle is dissected from the lesser segment with the base located at the nasal alar base. The latter is rotated superior-horizontally and positioned at a semicurved release incision which is inferior to the columella. This C-junction of the nostril sill allows an alignment of the nasal structure without a primary rhinoplasty.     

A novel approach to cleft lip nose deformity: posterior dome graft technique

The pathology of "nasal tip complex" remains as a problem to be solved in unilateral cleft lip nose deformity wherein open rhinoplasty and cartilage grafts are used frequently. For this reason, the research for the treatment of cleft-side tip projection lost and ala depression still continues. Our technique is to put the cartilage graft at posterior dome area after the release of cleft-side ala from vestibular mucosa and skin to elevate the ala depression and tip projection. This technique has been used on 16 patients between the years 2003 and 2007. This technique, different from the augmentation methods, aims to increase the direct lateral crura's elastic support strength and to support the new position of alar cartilage. This method will particularly be helpful in obtaining the long-term results in delayed and serious cases.