四川省凉山彝族成人代谢综合征患病率调查

目的 分析比较四川省凉山城乡地区彝族人群代谢综合征(MS)的患病率和危险因素.方法 对自然人群采用整群随机抽样的方法,于2007年7月至8月在四川省凉山州西昌市区及两个乡村的20～74岁的彝族居民开展横断面调查.诊断标准用2006年国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)标准.结果 MS总的患病率为27.5%,其中城市高于农村(31.2% vs 10.1%, P<0.01),女性高于男性(18.4% vs 13.7%,P<0.01);多因素logstic回归分析显示城市人口性别、年龄、UA、ALT是MS的独立危险因素.结论 四川凉山彝族MS患病率特点为城市高于农村、女性高于男性,患病率随年龄增加而增加;MS各组分也是城市明显高于农村;年龄、性别、UA、ALT和城乡不同的生活方式是MS的独立危险因素.     

浙江省成人糖尿病患病率调查

目的 了解浙江省18岁以上城乡居民糖尿病流行特征及知晓情况.方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,于2010年7月至11月对浙江省15个县区17437例18岁以上的居民进行横断面调查.调查内容包括问卷调查、医学体检和血样采集.结果 浙江省18岁以上居民经年龄、性别和地区调整后的糖尿病标化患病率为5.94％(粗患病率8.80％),与2002年浙江省患病率3.02％相比,8年的患病率增幅达到96.67％.城市和农村糖尿病标化患病率分别为7.52％(粗患病率11.33％)和5.19％(粗患病率7.09％),城市和农村标化患病率差异有显著性(u=6.58,P＜0.05).男性和女性标化患病率分别是5.74％(粗患病率8.36％)、6.15％(粗患病率9.13％),男性和女性糖尿病标化患病率差异无显著性(u=1.39,P＞0.05);浙江省居民糖尿病知晓率为59.19％,男性知晓率56.66％,女性知晓率61.23％,男性和女性糖尿病知晓率差异无显著性(x2=3.26,P＞0.05).城市居民知晓率为63.47％,农村知晓率为54.69％.城市农村居民糖尿病知晓率差异有显著性(x2=12.20,P＜0.01).结论 浙江省糖尿病患病率呈快速增长趋势,应及早采取有效的干预措施.     

2007年北京市居民糖尿病与代谢综合征患病状况调查

目的 了解2007年北京市居民糖尿病与代谢综合征的患病情况.方法 采用整群随机抽样方法,于2007年9月至11月抽取本市3个地区,分别代表城市、城镇和农村地区进行调查.共有20岁以上常住居民3 484名参与调查.通过询问病史、体格检查、检测空腹血糖、血脂及口服糖耐量试验,并依据1999年WHO糖尿病诊断标准和2005年IDF代谢综合征全球共识定义进行诊断.使用EPI data 3.02软件建立数据库,SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析.计量资料采用(-x)±s表示,两组间比较采用t检验,多组阳比较采用方差分析,计数资料比较采用卡方检验.结果 北京市居民糖尿病患病率为10.16%(城市10.97%、城镇11.95%、农村6.86%):其中已知糖尿病患病率为5.02%(城市6.14%、城镇6.62%、农村1.71%)(x2=54.06,P＜0.01);新诊断糖尿病患病率为5.14%(城市4.83%、城镇5.33%、农村5.15%)(x2=2.35,P＞0.05);空腹血糖受损患病率为1.35%(城市0.58%、城镇2.26%、农村1.43%)(x2=12.97,P＜0.01);糖耐量异常患病率为9.84%(城市10.52%、城镇9.68%、农村9.27%)(x2=3.99,P＞0.05);代谢综合征患病率为20.39%(城市17.34%、城镇23.30%、农村20.78%)(x2=35.38,P＜0.01).糖尿病患者平均知晓率为49.85%.结论 北京市糖尿病及代谢综合征患病率高,城镇和农村地区患病率呈现加速升高趋势.     

四川省部分城乡居民高血压患病情况及影响因素分析

目的了解四川省城市和农村年龄≥15岁常住居民高血压流行情况及其影响因素,为下一步开展城乡高血压防控工作提供依据。方法 2015年11-12月,采用分层多阶段随机抽样的方法,分别在成都市成华区和达州市大竹县抽取4040人进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果调查资料完整3868人,其中城市居民1769人,农村居民2099人。城乡居民高血压患病率及其95%CI为23.32%(21.99%～24.65%),标化患病率为20.59%;农村居民高血压患病率高于城市居民(26.06%比20.07%,P0.01)。城乡居民高血压患病率在75岁呈上升趋势,≥75岁下降,患高血压高峰年龄段为65～75岁。四川省城乡高血压总知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为55.65%、48.67%、15.52%。城市居民高血压知晓率51.83%(95%CI 49.50%～54.16%),治疗率48.45%(95%CI 46.12%～50.78%),控制率20.56%(95%CI 18.68%～22.44%);农村居民高血压知晓率58.14%(95%CI 56.03%～60.25%),治疗率48.81%(95%CI 46.27%～50.55%),控制率12.25%(95%CI 10.85%～13.65%)。城乡居民高血压知晓率、治疗率差异无统计学意义,城市居民高血压控制率高于农村居民(P0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,城乡居民高血压患病的共同危险因素为年龄、体质量指数(BMI)和心血管病家族史;城市居民高血压患病的危险因素还包括吸烟和腹型肥胖。结论四川省城乡高血压患病率为23.32%;总知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为55.65%、48.67%、15.52%,城乡居民高血压患病的主要危险因素为年龄、BMI和心血管病家族史。     

福建省高血压患病情况及影响因素分析

目的了解福建省城乡居民高血压的患病情况和影响因素。方法 2014年8月至2016年7月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取福建省年龄15岁常驻居民15 176人,通过问卷调查和体格检查收集相关资料。结果福建省年龄15岁居民高血压患病率为30.3%,标化后为24.2%。其中,城市居民高血压患病率为29.4%(标化率23.5%),农村居民高血压患病率为31.2%(标化率25.1%),农村高于城市(χ~2=5.720,P0.05)。福建省城乡居民高血压的共同危险因素包括男性、年龄增长、文化程度低下、高血压家族史、高体质量指数、中心性肥胖。此外,饮酒的农村居民患高血压危险较高。结论福建省农村居民高血压患病率高于城市居民,城乡间高血压相关危险因素存在细微差异。     

1991-2009年广西6市县≥18岁居民高血压流行趋势分析

目的分析广西1991-2009年≥18岁城乡成人居民高血压流行趋势,为制定和指导居民高血压防治提供参考依据。方法利用1991、1993、1997、2000、2004、2006、2009年"中国健康与营养调查"项目调查资料,选取广西6市县≥18岁城乡居民作为调查对象,分析不同年份、地区、性别、年龄段居民高血压患病率流行趋势。结果广西6市县居民高血压患病率从1991年的9.6%(标化率为11.7%),增至2009年的28.7%(标化率为24.2%),增长速度为198.9%,18年平均增长速度为6.3%。城镇居民高血压患病率高于农村居民,但农村居民高血压增长速度高于城镇居民(365.5%比96.9%,P0.05)。值得关注的是从2006年后城乡居民的高血压患病率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。女性居民高血压患病率增长速度高于男性居民(213.0%比184.2%,P0.05),且以农村女性居民增幅最快(405.9%)为特点。结论广西城乡居民高血压患病率仍然处于快速增长期,尤其是农村女性居民增长速度最快,应加强对高危居民高血压的防控力度。     

福建省三明社区糖尿病及糖调节受损患病率现况调查

目的 了解东南沿海省份城市三明社区成人糖尿病(DM)以及糖调节受损(IGR)的患病率.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法,在2007-10～2007-11期间,横断面调查三明市社区16岁以上居民551名.所有调查对象均接受问卷调查、体格测量以及口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT).结果 三明市社区16岁以上居民糖尿病、糖调节受损患病率分别为10.5%和13.6%[单纯空腹血糖受损(I-IFG)1.5%,糖耐量减低(IGT)12.1%,以2000年中国总人口标化后患病率7.4%、11.3%(I-IFG:0.8%,IGT:10.5%).55.17%为新诊断糖尿病患者,lGR/DM患病率达1.53.高血压、肥胖和超重人群患病率标化后分别为27.8%、8.7%和29.5%.结论 三明市社区的糖尿病患病情况不容乐观,仍然有一大部分未及时诊断的糖尿病人群,随着地区的城市化加剧和人口的老龄化程度加剧,DM患病率将有更大幅度的升高.     

杭州市2003年高血压流行病学调查

目的　了解杭州市 15岁以上城乡居民高血压患病情况及其相关的疾病、生活习惯、生化指标及遗传等因素关系 ,为评估本地区高血压现状并采取相应的预防措施提供依据。方法　采用整群随机抽样方法 ,对城市 2个街道和农村 2个乡镇 15岁以上居民 10 70人进行高血压流行病学调查。结果　我市城乡居民高血压标化患病率分别为 19 98%和 18 0 1% ,与 1990年相比分别上升 1 4 5倍和 3 5 3倍。高血压患病率 4 5岁后明显上升 ,5 5岁后患病人数超过 5 0 %。高血压家族史、糖尿病、体重指数、胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、血糖(GLU)和尿酸 (URIC)等与高血压密切相关。结论　杭州市城乡居民高血压患病率呈明显上升趋势。遗传、超重与肥胖、TC、TG、GLU与URIC增高是高血压重要危险因素 ;高血压和糖尿病具有共同危险因素 ,有可能同时发病。     

海岛地区农村35岁以上常住人群糖尿病流行病学调查

目的了解海岛地区农村糖尿病及糖调节受损(IGR)的患病情况和流行趋势,为预防和控制糖尿病提供科学依据。方法采用人群普查的方法,对玉环县楚门镇37个自然村35岁以上常住人群进行用集中体检的调查方式,逐人测定血糖,对初筛空腹血糖值≥5.6mmol/L择日进行做口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)。结果玉环农村地区35岁以上常住人群糖尿病患病率为6.21%,其中男性患病率为5.79%,女性患病率为6.64%,糖尿病患病率在65~74岁达到高峰,男女之间及各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中新诊断糖尿病者占全部糖尿病患者的36.68%。糖调节受损(IGR)的患病率4.83%,其中男性患病率4.64%,女性患病率5.02%,患病率在65~74岁达到高峰,男女之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论玉环农村地区35岁以上常住人群中糖尿病I、GR患病率接近浙江平均水平,年龄、性别糖尿病患病的重要危险因素,在人群中早期进行糖代谢检查十分必要,进行OGTT试验可明显减少漏诊及误诊情况,及时给予生活行为方式或适当药物的干预是防治糖尿病的重要手段。     

辽宁地区代谢综合征的患病率及城乡差异

采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法调查辽宁地区18岁以上3 431人.按照中华医学会糖尿病分会2004年的标准,代谢综合征(MS)的患病率为19.50%(男性19.79%,女性18.44%).女性患病率农村＞城镇＞城市;同等收入水平MS患病率男女均农村＞城镇＞城市.辽宁地区MS的患病率高发正转向发展中的贫穷地区.     

乌鲁木齐市汉族老年人糖代谢异常的流行病学调查

目的 调查乌鲁木齐市60岁以上老年汉族居民糖尿病和糖尿病前期的患病率以及分布特点.方法 对乌鲁木齐市2个社区的居民进行查体及75 g葡萄糖耐量试验,共调查2210例,其中60岁以上老年人(老年组)为1231例,40～59岁中年人(中年组)951例.糖尿病诊断标准采用1999年WHO标准.结果 老年组糖尿病和糖尿病前期的患病率分别为32.2%、29.0%,标化后分别为25.6%、23.1%;较中年组患病率高(分别为12.3%、20.9%),差异有统计学意义(x2=192.62,P＜0.05);老年组糖耐量受损(IGT)患病率(21.6%)高于中年组(13.9%),差异有统计学意义(x2=20.97,P＜0.05);单IFG患病率在老年组与中年组间差异无统计学意义;老年组代谢综合征患病率为52.2%,高于中年组(33.7%),差异有统计学意义(x2=73.77,P＜0.05).回归分析结果显示,糖尿病家族史、高血压、高甘油三酯血症是老年人糖尿病发生的危险因素(x2=44.34,P＜0.05).结论 老年汉族人群糖尿病、IGT及代谢综合征的患病率均高于中年人群,必须重点采取干预措施.     

Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in urban and rural Chinese populations in Qingdao, China.

AIMS: To determine the prevalence of diabetes in the Chinese adult population in rural and urban areas of Qingdao city. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study of diabetes was performed in 12 436 (5346 men) Chinese adults (20-74 years old) from 2001 to 2002. Fasting capillary whole blood glucose test (FCG) was performed in all participants and a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test in those with FCG > or = 6.1 mmol/l following initial screening. The 1999 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for diabetes were used. RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 6.1% (4.1% for undiagnosed and 2.1% for previously known diabetes) in adults aged 20-74 years. Diabetes prevalence increased with age up to the oldest age group (70-74); in subjects over 50 years of age, the prevalence reached 10%. Men tended to have a higher prevalence of known diabetes than women, whereas the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was lower in men than in women (4.6% vs. 3.3%, d.f. = 1, P = 0.001). Diabetes was more prevalent in the urban than in the rural population (6.9% vs. 5.6%, d.f. = 1, P < 0.001). However, the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes was higher in the rural than in the urban areas (70.5% vs. 58.0%, d.f. = 1, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in Qingdao city is moderately high, but much higher than reported in 1996. The large proportion of undiagnosed cases of diabetes indicates the lack of public awareness of diabetes and shortage of medical facilities. In view of the huge population in China, the results of this study emphasize the need to improve the early detection and prevention of diabetes in China to prevent the emerging diabetes epidemic.     

新疆维吾尔族、哈萨克族糖尿病的患病率调查及相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨新疆地区维吾尔族、哈萨克族35岁以上居民2型糖尿病的患病率及其危险因素.方法 通过四阶段整群随机抽样法,在新疆抽取乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、阜康市、吐鲁番地区、和田地区和伊犁哈萨克自治州6个地区年龄在35岁以上维吾尔族、哈萨克族居民为调查对象.统计不同民族、不同年龄、不同性别组人群的2型糖尿病患病率及危险因素进行分析.以问卷收集资料并进行体格检查及实验室检查.结果 共抽取35岁以上城市及农村游牧维吾尔族、哈萨克族居民8 539人,2型糖尿病患病率维吾尔族为5.01%,哈萨克族为3.16%;男性为5.22%,女性为3.89%,男性患病率高于女性(P<0.01).35～44、45～54、55～64、65～74和>75岁各年龄组的2型糖尿病患病率分别为2.45%、4.92%、5.94%、7.49%和5.64%.年龄、性别、民族、收缩压、体重、甘油三酯和总胆固醇是2型糖尿病的危险因素,其OR值分别为0.742、1.025、0.673、1.050、1.005、1.517和1.126.结论 新疆地区维吾尔族、哈萨克族居民应建立健康的生活方式;加强血压、血脂和体重的控制,倡导低脂饮食是预防2型糖尿病发生的重要措施.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in populations of Uigurs and Kazaks in Xinjiang.Methods Four-stage selected random samples aged 35 years and over were used to analyze the prevalence and associated risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in populations of Uigurs and Kazaks from 6 localities(Urumqi,Kelamayi,Fukang,the Turfan Basin locality,Hetian locality,Yili Hazakh autonomous prefecture)in Xinjiang according to different nationality,age,and sex.The data were collected according to questionnaire,and physical examination and laboratory test were performed.Results A total of 8 539 Uigurs and Kazaks adults were surveyed.The prevalences of type 2 diabetes mellitus were 5.01%and 3.16%in Uigurs and Kazaks.The prevalence in male was higher than that in female(5.22%vs3.89%,P<0.01).The prevalences of type 2 diabetes mellitus were2.45%,4.92%,5.94%,7.49%,and 5.64%in 35-44,45-54,55-64,65-74,>75 yeats of age groups,respectively.Age,gender,nationality,systolic blood pressure,body weight,triglyceride,and total cholesterol were the risk factors for type2 diabetes mellitus,with the ORs being0.742,1.025,0.673,1.050,1.005,1.517,1.126,respectively.Conclusion It is important to culture healthy life style,enhance the control of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in Uigurs and Kazaks patients for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Xinjiang.     

老年人血镁水平降低与血糖代谢异常的关系

目的 探讨老年人血镁水平降低与血糖代谢异常的关系.方法 收集我院门诊126例老年人的查体资料,其中2型糖尿病患者50例,糖调节异常者35例,血糖正常者41例,对3组老年人临床资料进行比较分析.结果 (1)3组的年龄、体质指数、血脂水平差异均无统计学意义,糖尿病组和糖调节异常组血清镁明显低于血糖正常组,分别为(0.75±0.11)mmol/L和(0.78±0.12)mmol/L对(0.84±0.1)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01、＜0.05);(2)低血镁发病率在2型糖尿病和糖调节异常组明显高于血糖正常组,分别为24.0%和28.6%对7.3%(均为P＜0.01);(3)相关分析结果显示,血镁水平与空腹血糖及糖化血红蛋白水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.343、-0.271,均为P＜0.01),与年龄及体质指数无相关.结论 老年人血清镁水平降低与血糖代谢异常有关.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the relationship between serum magnesium (Mg) levels and glucose metabolism disorders in the elderly.Methods The data of health examination of 126 elderly people were collected in our hospital.There were 50 patients with type 2 diabetes,35 patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and 41 people with normal glucose.The clinical data of the three groups were compared and analyzed.Results (1)There were no significant differences in age,body mass index (BMI) and blood lipid level among the three groups.The mean serum Mg level was lower in normal glucose group [(0.84±0.1) mmol/L] than in diabetic group [(0.75±0.11) mmol/L,P＜0.01] and IGR group [(0.78±0.12) mmol/L,P＜0.05].(2)The prevalence of hypomagnesemia was higher in diabetic group and IGR group than in normal glucose group (24%,28.6% vs.7.3%,P＜ 0.01 ).(3)The correlation study showed that the serum magnesium level was negatively associated with fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c (r= - 0.343,- 0.271,P＜0.01 ),but not associated with age and BMI.Conclusions The low serum magnesium level is associated with glucose metabolism disorders in the elderly.     

黑龙江省部分地区不同年龄、性别组糖代谢异常患病率调查

目的 调查黑龙江部分地区20～74岁人群的糖代谢异常年龄和性别分布情况,为糖尿病的防治提供依据.方法 选取2007年9月至2008年3月期间黑龙江省糖尿病流行病学调查中20～74岁的人群共3058例(男1219例、女1839例)作为研究对象,其中空腹血糖受损(IFG)患者143例,糖耐量异常(IGT)患者333例,IFG+IGT患者113例,糖尿病患者265例,糖调节正常(NGR)个体2204名.测定受试者空腹血糖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)1 h血糖及OGTT 2 h血糖.依据WHO1999年糖尿病的诊疗标准进行诊断.采用M-H x2检验分析组间数据.结果 糖尿病女性患病的高峰在60～74岁组,患病率为15.57%(20～29岁组:4.35%;30～39岁组:4.68%;40～49岁组:6.87%;50～59岁组:12.20%);男性患病的高峰在50～59岁组,患病率为21.84%(20～29岁组:5.96%;30～39岁组:10.60%;40～49岁组:11.79%;60～74岁组:15.0%).糖调节受损(IGR)女性和男性患病的高峰均在60～74岁组,患病率分别为35.33%(20～29岁组:13.04%;30～39岁组:14.56%;40～49岁组:20.62%;60～74岁组:24.58%)和30.83%(20～29岁组:16.80%;30～39岁组:14.90%;40～49岁组:28.05%;50～59岁组:17.78%).结论 IGR、糖尿病和IFG+IGT组的男性、女性和男女合计患病率和IGT组的女性和男女合计患病率均随年龄增加有上升趋势,而IFG组的男性、女性和男女合计患病率以及IGT组男性患病率和年龄无关.性别和年龄是糖尿病患病的两个重要危险因素,要采取综合措施预防和控制老年人糖尿病,特别是老年男性.     

克拉玛依市区35岁以上鼾症人群睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患病率调查

目的 调查克拉玛依市区35岁以上习惯性打鼾患者中睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的患病率,比较汉、维族及不同性别间的差异.方法 采用流行病调查的方法对克拉玛依市天山社区2 353例居民进行入户睡眠问卷调查 问卷内容包括打鼾情况、测量身高、体质量、颈围、腹围 对1 120例鼾症人群进行夜间睡眠呼吸监测 其中汉族609例,维族51...     

肝移植术后三年及以上患者糖代谢异常情况及其发病机制初探

目的 评估肝移植术后3年及以上患者糖代谢异常情况,初步探讨移植后糖尿病的发病机制.方法 收集2001年4月至2008年12月在中山医院进行肝移植患者的临床资料,排除术前已确诊糖尿病、死亡及失访患者,对肝移植术后≥3年的199例患者完成随访,统计根据空腹血糖诊断的移植后糖尿病(PTDM)发生率;对肝移植≥3年且根据空腹血糖未达到糖尿病诊断标准的的32例患者进行口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),检测其空腹及糖负荷后2 h血糖和胰岛素,根据血糖情况分为血糖正常组、糖调节受损(IGR)组和PTDM组,计算其PTDM构成比和稳态模型评估(HOMA)指数.结果 肝移植术后≥3年的患者中,根据空腹血糖诊断的PTDM发生率为34.67%.对肝移植≥3年且根据空腹血糖未达到糖尿病诊断标准的32例患者进行OGTT得到:PTDM构成比为9.38%,IGR[包括空腹血糖受损和(或)糖耐量受损]为56.25%,血糖正常为34.37%.稳态模型评估胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)在血糖正常组、IGR组、PTDM组依次递减,且PTDM组与血糖正常组、IGR组比较均有显著下降(均P＜0.01).稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)在IGR组最高,PTDM组次之,IGR组相对血糖正常组升高有统计学意义.结论 本院肝移植≥3年患者PTDM总发生率为44.05%,肝移植患者在糖代谢异常早期即存在胰岛素抵抗,胰岛β细胞功能则随糖代谢异常加重而进行性衰退.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the status of abnormal glucose metabolism in patients being alive over 3years after liver transplantation and discuss the possible mechanism of post-transplant diabetes mellitus ( PTDM ).Methods In this study, the clinical data of patients with liver transplantation were collected from April 2001 to December 2008. Patients with diabetes mellitus before operation and those who had died and failed to appear during follow-up were exluded. 199 patients living over 3 years after liver transplantation were follow-up. The prevalence of PTDM was evaluated according to fasting plasma glucose(FPG). Among those without diabetes according to FPG,32patients underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) , and fasting and 2 h plasma glucose and insulin were determined. 32 patients were divided into three groups [normal, impaired glucose regulation ( IGR ) , and PTDM groups], proportion of PTDM and homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA ) index were calculated. Results In patients alive over 3 years after liver transplantation, the prevalence of PTDM was 34.67% according to FPG. The OGTT result showed that the proportion of PTDM was 9.38%, IGR, including impaired fasting glucose(IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , was 56. 25% , while 34. 37% remained normal. The homeostasis model assessment β cell function index( HOMA-β ) decreased progressively from normal group, IGR group to PTDM group,and that in PTDM group was significantly lower than those in normal and IGR group( P＜0.01 ). IGR group had the highest homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and PTDM group the next, and HOMA-IR in IGR group was significantly higher than normal group. Conclusion In patients alive over 3 years after liver transplantation, the prevalence of PTDM reached 44.05%. Insulin resistance existed during early period of impaired glucose regulation, while the degeneration of β cell progressed with the worsening of impaired glucose regulation.     

Epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation in a Chinese adult population: the Shanghai Diabetes Studies, a cross-sectional 3-year follow-up study in Shanghai urban communities

Aims/hypothesis To estimate the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in a Chinese population aged 20–94 years. Subjects and methods A group of 5,628 randomly selected adults, aged 20–94 years, living in the Huayang and Caoyang communities in Shanghai, China, were investigated between 1998 and 2001. During 2002-04, 2,666 subjects were followed up. All the participants underwent anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical analyses and a 75-g OGTT. Results Based on the 2000 census data of China, the age-standardised prevalences were 6.87% for diabetes and 8.53% for IGR at baseline. More than two in five cases with diabetes were undiagnosed. The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes and IGR increased with age. The age-adjusted prevalences of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and overweight in males were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in females. The 3-year cumulative incidence rates of diabetes and IGR were 4.96 and 11.10%, respectively. The relative risk of developing diabetes was significantly higher in subjects with IGR than in subjects with NGT (p < 0.001). Conclusions/interpretation The prevalence and incidence rates for diabetes or IGR have increased dramatically over the last decades, especially in younger age groups. A large proportion of cases are undiagnosed. We strongly recommend that population-based diabetes screening programmes should be implemented and generalised for younger people.     

彝族和汉族老年人代谢综合征患病率和相关危险因素的对比性分析

目的比较性分析四川地区彝族和汉族老年人群代谢综合征（MetS）的患病率和危险因素。方法2007年7月至8月在四川地区采用整群随机抽样的方法对20岁以上的成年人开展横断面调查,本研究选择60岁以上的彝族和汉族老年人群进行分析。诊断标准采用2006年国际糖尿病联盟（IDF）标准。结果彝族和汉族老年人群的MetS的患病率分别为23．6％和29．0％,两民族老年人群中女性MetS患病率均明显高于男性,彝族老年男性MetS患病率明显低于汉族老年男性。彝族农村老年人MetS的患病率明显低于城市,彝族农村老年人MetS的患病率明显低于汉族农村老年人。多因素logstic回归分析显示女性、年龄和城市居住是彝族老年人MetS的独立危险因素;而汉族老年人MetS的患病率仅与女性呈独立正相关。结论四川彝族和汉族老年人群MetS患病率均以女性较高,彝族城市老年人MetS患病率较高,与汉族城乡老年人患病率相当,但彝族农村老年人患病率较低,因此在彝族和汉族老年人群中应广泛且有重点的开展MetS防治策略。     

2型糖尿病家系发病特征与危险因素初步调查

目的 对2型糖尿病家系中的遗传特征、危险因素进行调查分析,为系统研究2型糖尿病及制定干预措施提供依据.方法 根据1997年美国糖尿病学会(ADA)标准,利用口服葡萄糖耐量试验确诊糖尿病,根据胰岛素功能测定和血清谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GADAb)、胰岛细胞抗体(ICA)和胰岛素自身抗体(IAA)检测及临床特征排除1型糖尿病,根据遗传特征及临床特点排除年轻的成年发病型糖尿病(MODY),根据母系遗传伴耳聋等临床特征排除线粒体基因突变家系,最终筛选出2型糖尿病家系182个(实际调查865例)并进行分析.结果 182个家系中男女2型糖尿病患病率(男性42.59%、女性48.18%)、新诊断率(男性9.89%、女性1 1.82%)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).家系第1代277例患者发病年龄为(63.3±12.4)岁,其中男性为(64.4±12.5)岁,女性为(62.3±10.3)岁;第2代468例患者发病年龄为(47.1 ±8.7)岁,其中男性为(48.2±9.3)岁,女性为(46.1±8.1)岁;第3代120例患者发病年龄为(29.6±10.2)岁,其中男性为(28.9 ±9.5)岁,女性为(30.0±10.4)岁.新诊断2型糖尿病组、新诊断糖调节受损(IGR)组分别与非患病亲属组比较,高血压病史、高脂血症史、吸烟史、活动量差异均有统计学意义;5年前体重、1年前体重、目前体重、腰围、腰臀比差异也有统计学意义,股围差异无统计学意义.结论 2型糖尿病发病无性别差异.肥胖、高血压病、吸烟、高脂血症、活动量较少与2型糖尿病、IGR相关.活动量较多可能是家族中的非患病亲属及IGR患者较晚进入糖尿病期的原因之一.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the characteristics and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset in pedigrees. Methods A total of 865 subjects were screened and diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) based on American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) , maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and chondriosome diabetes were excluded by clinical features and laboratory test of insulin and autoantibodies including glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, insular cellular antibody and insulin autoantibody. A total of 182 pedigrees of T2DM were obtained. Results No gender difference was found in the prevalence of T2DM (42. 59% in male and 48. 18% in female respectively, P ＞0. 05) , nor was the newly diagnosed rate(9. 89% in male and 11. 82%in female, P ＞ 0. 05). The onset age was (63. 3 ± 12. 4) years old in the first generation [(64. 4 ± 12. 5)years in male and (62. 3 ± 10. 3) years in female] , (47. 1 ± 8. 7) years old in the second generation [(48. 2 ±9. 3)years in male and (46. 1 ± 8. 1) years in female] , (29. 6 ± 10. 2) years old in the third generation [(28. 9 ±9. 5)years in male and (30. 0 ± 10. 4)years in female]. Compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects , newly diagnosed T2DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) subjects had higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking but less physical activities. Statistical differences were shown in body weight five years before diagnosis, one years before diagnosis and at diagnosis in newly diagnosed T2DM[(68. 4 ±12. 4)kg, (69. 5 ± 11. 0)kg and (69. 1 ±9. 6)kg] and IGR[(66. 1 ±10.7)kg, (65.9 ± 10.7) kg and(65.7 ± 10.4) kg] , when compared with NGT [(61.0 ± 10.2) kg,(59. 5 ±11.0) kg and (60. 1 ± 10. 4) kg, all P ＜ 0. 05] . The same results were obtained with waist circumference and waist-hip ratio [(4. 1 ± 12. 5) cm and 0. 92 ± 0. 36 in newly diagnosed T2DM while (89. 1 ± 10. 7) cm and 0. 90 ± 0. 64 in IGR] , when compared with NGT[(82. 5 ± 10. 1) cm and 0. 82 ±0. 25] , all P ＜0. 05. Conclusions No gender difference was found in the onset characteristics of T2DM.High prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking with less physical activities were associated with T2DM.