腔静脉后输尿管三种手术方式的比较

目的：探讨腔静脉后输尿管的最佳治疗方式.方法：回顾性分析21例腔静脉后输尿管患者的治疗方法：14例行传统开放手术,其中1例行右肾切除术;3例行后腹腔镜下输尿管复位矫形术;4例行经腹腔手术,其中3例行腹腔镜下输尿管复位矫形术,1例行腹腔镜辅助下肾盂癌根治术.结果：21例手术均获成功.输尿管复位矫形术的开放组、后腹腔镜组和腹腔镜组平均手术时间分别为1.5 h、3.6 h和2.1 h;术中出血量分别为150m1、80 ml和70 ml;平均术后住院时间分别为7.5天、5天和6天.未出现围术期并发症.术后4～6周拔除双J管.随访6个月～4年,B超和（或）IVP复查无吻合口狭窄,输尿管梗阻均明显缓解.16例术前有右腰酸胀不适感症状者完全缓解.结论：采用腹腔镜下输尿管复位矫形术治疗腔静脉后输尿管应成为临床首选方式.经腹腹腔镜较后腹腔镜在腔静脉后输尿管段粘连严重的治疗和手术视野方面有一定优势.     

后腹腔镜输尿管复位矫形术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管

目的探讨后腹腔镜输尿管复位矫形术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管的效果。方法 2007年1月~2013年12月,对9例下腔静脉后输尿管施行后腹腔镜输尿管复位矫形术。后腹腔镜下游离肾盂、输尿管至腔静脉后方,在腔静脉前方找到并游离远端输尿管,于下腔静脉压迫输尿管处上方离断输尿管,分离输尿管与下腔静脉的粘连,将远段输尿管复位至腔静脉前方。3例远段输尿管从下腔静脉后游离困难,旷置下腔静脉后输尿管狭窄段。输尿管内留置F7双J管,输尿管端端吻合。结果本组均一次手术成功,无中转开放。手术时间56~120 min,平均75 min,术中出血量20~150 ml,平均60 ml,术中术后均未输血,肛门排气时间16~48 h,术后无尿漏发生,4~5 d拔除腹膜后引流管,5~6 d拔除导尿管,2例伴肾盂结石患者术后尿路平片提示结石取净,4~8周膀胱镜拔除双J管。随访6~72个月,平均36个月,6例术前有右腰部疼痛不适的症状均消失,彩超及IVU示右输尿管走向恢复正常,大剂量IVU法6例肾积水Ⅲ~Ⅳ度降为Ⅰ度,3例肾积水消失。结论后腹腔镜输尿管复位矫形术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管是安全、有效、可行的,具有创伤小、失血少、术后疼痛轻、住院时间短、疗效可靠等优点,有望成为治疗下腔静脉后输尿管首选的方法。     

后腹腔镜治疗输尿管上段结石35例报告

目的探讨后腹腔镜输尿管上段切开取石术的可行性。方法采用后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管上段结石35例。结果34例后腹腔镜下取石成功,1例因结石返回肾盂改开放手术。手术时间70~135min,平均110min。术中出血量20~55ml,平均36ml。无术后漏尿超过2d。术后2~3d拔除腹膜后引流管。术后住院时间6~10d,平均7.8d。术后1个月拔除双J管后B超复查,重度积水9例均较术前减轻,轻中度积水中17例消失、9例明显减轻。术后对于7例重度积水及11例轻中度积水进行2~6个月随访,B超复查均无结石复发,肾积水程度与术后1个月拔除双J管时无明显变化。结论后腹腔镜技术作为治疗输尿管上段结石可行,可作为开放手术或其他微创方法的替代或补充。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管2例报告并文献复习

目的探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管的应用价值。方法分析2例后腹腔镜手术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管患者的病例资料,并复习相关文献。结果 2例分别行后腹腔镜输尿管端端吻合术及离断式肾盂成型术,手术均获成功。手术时间分别为145分钟及135分钟。术中出血分别为100ml和80ml,未出现围手术期并发症。术后无吻合口狭窄,输尿管梗阻均明显缓解。复习国内外文献报道,各种腔镜手术均效果良好。结论后腹腔镜手术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管安全可行。近期看来,无论是否切除腔静脉后段输尿管,手术效果均良好。     

下腔静脉后输尿管——附8例报告

目的:进一步提高对下腔静脉后输尿管的诊治。方法:回顾性总结其临床特点及诊断治疗情况。下腔静脉后输尿管8例,男6例,女2例,年龄19～43岁,平均27岁;Ⅰ型7例,Ⅱ型1例,6例右侧腰腹部胀痛不适,2例右侧腰腹部胀痛不适并肉眼血尿,通过B超、CT、MRU、IVU逆行输尿管肾盂造影确诊。均需手术治疗,6例松解腔静脉后段输尿管于扩张处切断,复位后行端端吻合术,2例旷置腔静脉后段输尿管,复位后行端端吻合术。5例置D-J管,3例未置D-J管。结果:8例患者术前诊断明确,术后3～6个月复查症状消失,经B超、TVU随访,8例无1例出现吻合口狭窄,肾盂积水均明显减轻。结论:IVU和输尿管逆行造影是诊断下腔静脉后输尿管的首选方法,输尿管切断复位吻合术是治疗该病比较好的手术方式。放置D-J管能预防术后狭窄和漏尿。     

后腹腔镜下腔静脉后输尿管复位矫正术(附9例报告)

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下行输尿管复位矫正术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管的手术技术和临床效果.方法 9例采用后腹腔镜途径离断输尿管,于下腔静脉腹侧行端端吻合,恢复正常解剖关系.结果 9例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术.平均手术时间65min(42～125min),平均术中出血量62mL(20 ～115 mL),术后平均肠道功能恢复时间36h,术后无漏尿等围手术期并发症发生.平均随访时间9个月,复查B超与IVU,输尿管梗阻均明显缓解,无吻合口狭窄等远期并发症发生.结论 后腹腔镜输尿管复位矫正术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管微创、安全、可行,可能成为下腔静脉后输尿管治疗的首选方法.     

腹膜后入路腹腔镜输尿管离断吻合术治疗腔静脉后输尿管

【摘要】 目的 介绍利用后腹腔镜输尿管离断成形术治疗腔静脉后输尿管的经验。方法2008年2月至2012年11月,11例腔静脉后输尿管患者于我中心接受了后腹腔镜输尿管离断吻合术,收集统计病例资料。结果 所有患者手术均于后腹腔镜下顺利完成,无1例中转开放手术,术中无出现下腔静脉等脏器损伤并发症,平均手术时间为119(85~160)分钟;术中平均出血量约为22(10~40)mL。随访结果显示患者肾积水情况有不同程度缓解。结论 后腹腔镜输尿管离断吻合术治疗腔静脉后输尿管是安全、有效的手术方法,手术时间短,患者术后恢复快、创伤小,可以作为此类疾病的首选治疗方案。     

输尿管回肠膀胱端端吻合在全膀胱切除术中的应用

目的:探讨全膀胱切除、Bricker术(回肠膀胱术)中输尿管-回肠端端吻合术的优势及临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析13例全膀胱切除、Bricker术中行输尿管-回肠端端吻合术患者的临床资料:男10例,女3例。术前均行膀胱镜检查并活检确诊为浸润性膀胱癌,病变均位于膀胱颈及以上。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间205~260min,平均230min。输尿管-回肠吻合时间8~10min。术后2周拔除单J管,无漏尿发生。随访1~5年,B超或造影显示无肾积水和输尿管扩张。结论:全膀胱切除、回肠膀胱术中采用输尿管-回肠端端吻合术,操作简单、省时,术后并发症少,方法较为理想,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

老年患者经后腹腔途径腹腔镜下腔静脉后输尿管成形术

目的:探讨经后腹腔途径行腹腔镜输尿管端端吻合术治疗老年患者下腔静脉后输尿管畸形的方法与治疗效果。方法:应用腹腔镜经后腹腔途径游离右输尿管,于扩张输尿管下端离断输尿管,行输尿管端端吻合术,恢复右输尿管正常通道。结果:手术均获成功,下腔静脉等邻近器官未损伤,术中无明显出血,患者创伤小、康复快。术后复查示右肾及输尿管上段积水扩张显著减轻,肾功能良好。结论:下腔静脉后输尿管畸形也有在患者老年时开始出现临床症状的。经后腹腔途径行腹腔镜输尿管端端吻合术矫正下腔静脉后输尿管畸形是一种可行的手术方法。     

后腹腔镜输尿管成形术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管的体会

目的:探讨后腹腔镜输尿管成形术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管的临床经验及疗效。方法:回顾分析2004年1月至2011年10月13例下腔静脉后输尿管患者的临床资料,其中男10例,女3例;平均(33.2±6.8)岁;8例有症状,体检发现5例;13例患者均行后腹腔镜输尿管成形术。结果:13例手术均获成功,无一例中转开放手术。平均手术时间、输尿管端端吻合时间分别为(110±21.1)min、(30.2±11.4)min,术中出血量平均(24.3±5.6)ml,术后平均负压引流(4.0±1.2)d,平均留置导尿管(5.9±2.8)d,平均住院(5.3±1.4)d,术后1个月拔除双J管。术后平均随访(30.2±11.3)个月,13例患者肾及输尿管上段扩张积水显著减轻,吻合口无狭窄,8例患者术前不适症状消失。结论:后腹腔镜输尿管成形术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管安全、有效,具有患者创伤小、康复快等优点,可作为治疗下腔静脉后输尿管的首选方法。但远期疗效尚需大样本对照研究及长期随访观察。     

下腔静脉后输尿管的诊治体会

目的:探讨下腔静脉后输尿管的诊断及治疗方法。方法:通过对比分析近10年收治的26例下腔静脉后输尿管患者的影像资料及手术方式,总结其诊断与治疗方法。影像学诊断包括彩超、静脉肾盂造影、逆行肾盂造影、CT。治疗方法包括开放手术、后腹腔镜输尿管复位术。结果:患者通过不同影像学方法,初步诊断为下腔静脉后输尿管。26例手术均顺利完成,其中16例行开放手术,术后下床活动时间平均(4.25±1.13)d;10例行后腹腔镜输尿管复位术,术后下床活动时间平均(3.20±0.79)d。患者术后恢复良好,肾积水较术前明显改善。结论:联合应用B超、静脉肾盂造影、逆行肾盂造影是诊断下腔静脉后输尿管的基本方法,CT的普及为下腔静脉后输尿管提供了新的诊断方法。后腹腔镜输尿管复位术视野清晰,对输尿管周围组织创伤小,有效降低了输尿管的再次狭窄率,可作为治疗下腔静脉后输尿管的首选方法。     

腹膜后腹腔镜技术治疗腔静脉后输尿管7例疗效观察

目的:探讨腹膜后腹腔镜技术治疗腔静脉后输尿管的效果和操作经验。方法:7例腔静脉后输尿管患者在全麻下接受了腹膜后径路腹腔镜下输尿管切断、复位、裁剪及输尿管再吻合术。总结分析相关临床资料。结果:手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术。平均手术时间130min,术中平均出血约80ml。术后患者均恢复顺利,无明显术中、术后并发症。术后3个月及6个月随访显示输尿管梗阻明显改善。结论:腹膜后腹腔镜技术治疗腔静脉后输尿管微创、安全、有效,值得临床推广应用。     

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic reconstruction for retrocaval ureter: experience and literature review

Abstract Purpose: We describe surgical techniques and experience with retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloureterostomy in five cases of retrocaval ureter (RU). We also report the laparoscopic approach reconstruction for RU from peer-reviewed publications. Patients and Methods: Five patients with RU underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloureterostomy. Nuclear renography, intravenous urography (IVU), and ultrasonography follow-up was performed postoperatively. Science Citation Index searches were conducted to identify laparoscopic reconstruction for RU outcomes. Studies published after 1994 were included in the analysis. Results: Operations were completed successfully and without complications in five patients. The mean operative time was 90.2±34.4 minutes. The mean time needed to insert the Double-J stent and reanastomosis was 51.2±11.4 minutes. Blood loss was minimal. Over a follow-up of 12 to 37 months, hydronephrosis was found to decrease substantially. There were 24 peer-reviewed studies covering a total of 62 patients suitable for inclusion in our final analysis. The most common method for reconstruction of the ureter was ureteroureterostomy, followed by pyeloureterostomy and pyelopyelotomy. Conclusion: Retroperitoneal laparoscopy for RU is a safe and effective procedure that should be considered as a first-line treatment for patients with this anatomic anomaly.     

后腹腔镜下腔静脉后输尿管成形术患者的护理

目的探讨腹腔镜腔静脉后输尿管成形术的护理要点。方法对8例腔静脉后输尿管的患者进行了腹腔镜腔静脉后输尿管成形术,分析总结患者的术前准备、术后护理及出院的情况。结果所有手术均取得成功,术中无并发症,患者均治愈出院。随访3个月,超声、IVP检查示无输尿管狭窄、肾积水较前减轻或者消失。结论结合腹腔镜的护理,术前对患者的心理及生理方面进行充分的准备、术后做好患者的饮食、饮水、活动、相关并发症的观察及出院指导是保证手术效果的关键。     

Retroperitoneal laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for the treatment of retrocaval ureter

Purpose

To present our surgical techniques for retroperitoneal laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) pyelopyelostomy for retrocaval ureter and our initial experience with this method in 4 patients.

Methods

From June 2010 to May 2011, 4 patients with retrocaval ureter underwent retroperitoneal LESS pyelopyelostomy with a homemade single-port device and standard straight laparoscopic instruments. The single-port device was made with a surgical glove and Foley catheter and allowed the introduction of three trocars. A 3-cm incision was made at the middle axillary line, midway between the iliac crest and the twelfth rib. The retrocaval segment of the ureter was mobilized and transposed anteriorly to the inferior vena cava. The pyelopyelostomy anastomosis was completed with intracorporeal freehand suturing. A double-pigtail ureteral stent assembly was implanted in 3 of the 4 patients.

Results

All retroperitoneal LESS pyelopyelostomies were successful without conversion to standard laparoscopy or open surgery. The mean operating time was 105 min (range, 90–135 min). The mean blood loss was 18 mL (range, 5–50 mL). None of the patients required blood transfusion. The double-pigtail ureteral stent was removed 4–6 weeks postoperatively. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.3 days (range, 6–9 days). No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. At a mean follow-up of 10 months, excellent improvement in the ureteral obstruction was observed.

Conclusions

We report our initial experience using LESS for the treatment of retrocaval ureter. Our results in 4 patients suggest that this minimally invasive approach is a feasible treatment of retrocaval ureter. Long-term follow-up of more cases is needed to confirm its benefits.     

Laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy for retrocaval ureter

Two cases of retrocaval ureter are reported that were successfully treated by a laparoscopic approach. Case 1 was a 20-year-old woman who presented with symptoms of a right ureter stone. Case 2 was a 23-year-old woman who had suffered from recurrent right flank pain with gross hematuria. A transperitoneal approach was used for case 1, and a retroperitoneal approach was used in case 2. Both were successfully treated with laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy using an intracorporeal suture technique. Laparoscopic surgery should be the first choice for retrocaval ureter not only because of the minimal invasiveness but also because of the cosmetic advantage compared to conventional open surgery. Further technical and instrumental advances are essential for intracorporeal suturing.     

后腹腔镜下腔静脉后输尿管扩张段离断矫正术病例报道并文献复习

目的 报道后腹腔镜途径治疗下腔静脉后输尿管离断矫正术的初步经验.方法 患者21 岁,男,无任何不适,体检超声检查发现右肾轻度积液、右输尿管上段扩张,静脉肾盂造影(IVU)、逆行插管肾盂造影提示腔静脉后输尿管.患者取左侧卧位,建立后腹膜间隙,常规于肋弓下置三个鞘卡,离断扩张处输尿管后端端无张力吻合.结果 手术经后腹腔镜完成,用时170 min,出血20 ml,术中及术后无并发症发生.结论 后腹腔镜下于扩张处离断输尿管矫正术可以作为下腔静脉后输尿管首选治疗方案.