腹腔镜辅助阴式切除盆腔后部深部浸润型 子宫内膜异位症全子宫的方法改良

目的 探讨采用改良后腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术切除严重子宫内膜异位症全子宫的疗效。方法 选择同期由同一手术医师进行的常规腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术与改良后腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术的病例98例,其中,常规腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术46例,改良后腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术52例,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、手术并发症、肛门排气时间、术后病率及术后住院天数。结果 常规组手术时间（122.4±28.6）min,改良组为（102.2±38.4）min,两组比较差异有显著性,P <0.05;常规组术中出血量为（234.4±102.6）mL,改良组为（222.4±111.8）mL,两组比较差异无显著性,P >0.05。常规组中转开腹3例,改良组无1例中转开腹,两组均无手术并发症。结论 采用改良后的方法,提高了严重子宫内膜异位症患者腹腔镜下经阴道子宫切除手术的安全性及成功率,扩大了腹腔镜的手术指征。     

Laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid colon cancer after multiple operations including urinary diversion with Indiana pouch: A case report

A 73‐year‐old man with lower abdominal pain was diagnosed at our hospital with sigmoid colon cancer. He had previously undergone radical cystectomy with Indiana pouch construction and gastrectomy to treat bladder cancer and gastric cancer, respectively. We performed a laparoscopic Hartmann's operation with Japanese D3 lymph node dissection. We observed severe adhesion in the abdominal cavity; adhesions between the urostomy and sigmoid colon were particularly severe. The tumor had invaded to the distal rectum, which had adhered to the pubic bone and the previously reconstructed urinary pouch. By performing careful and persistent laparoscopic dissection, we completed the operation without damaging the urostomy and with no remnant tumor tissue (R0). The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was doing well with no evidence of cancer recurrence 1 year after surgery.     

Effects of laparoscopic radical surgery for deep endometriosis on endometriosis-related pelvic pain

Abstract

Deep endometriosis is associated with severe painful symptoms that sometimes impair the quality of life in women of reproductive age. Medical therapy does not provide for adequate pain relief, and an effective management option to reduce pelvic pain appears to be complete laparoscopic removal of as many endometriotic lesions as possible. In this study, we investigated the usefulness and risks of radical laparoscopic removal of deep endometriosis for patients diagnosed as stage III/IV endometriosis during laparoscopic surgery. Forty-seven consecutive patients undergoing conservative laparoscopic surgery alone (adhesiotomy and cystectomy of ovarian endometriosis but not removal of deep endometriotic lesion; non-DEL removal group) and 151 consecutive patients undergoing radical laparoscopic removal of deep endometriotic lesions combined with conservative surgery (DEL removal group) were compared. As a result, significant improvements in pain were obtained in both groups, however, the degree of improvement was significantly higher and the rate of recurrence was significantly lower in the DEL removal group. The addition of radical removal of deep endometriotic lesions to conservative laparoscopic surgery markedly reduces the severity of dysmenorrhea and the rate of recurrent pelvic pain. Although the surgical procedure is technically demanding, the levels of peri-operative complications and morbidity are acceptable.     

管状胃进行消化道重建在食管癌根治术中的运用

目的观察管状胃进行食管癌术后消化道重建的疗效及其并发症。方法选择2009年1月至2012年2月住院确诊的胸段食管癌患者82例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各41例,观察组运用管状胃进行消化道重建,对照组运用全胃进行重建。观察两组的手术时间、术中出血量、胸腔闭式引流的时间、胃肠减压时间、平均减压量、术后住院时间、术前和术后6月的心肺功能和术后6月的并发症。结果两组手术时间,术中出血量,胸腔闭式引流时间,术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而观察组胃肠减压时间、平均减压量、术后住院时间、胃排空障碍、胸胃综合征和反流性食管炎的发生率较对照组明显缩短或减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。两组手术后的肺活量占预计值的百分比(VC%)、最大通气量占预计值的百分比(MVV%)、第1 s用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV1%)和射血分数(EF)较治疗前明显降低(P0.01),而对照组降低更为明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论管状胃对食管癌患者进行消化道重建疗效确切,对心肺功能影响小,能降低术后并发症的发生率,值得临床推广。     

Risk factors for bowel resection among patients with incarcerated groin hernias: A meta-analysis

BackgroundEarly recognition of the risk of bowel resection of patients with incarcerated groin hernia will facilitate the clinical decision making of surgeons and improve the outcomes of patients. This study aimed to quantitatively analyse the risk factors of bowel resection in incarcerated groin hernia patients.Materials and methodsA systematic literature search for studies on risk factors of bowel resection in incarcerated groin hernia patients was performed in the PubMed and Embase databases from inception until July 15, 2019. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of included study. Review Manager version 5.3 was used for data analysis.ResultsSeven articles with a total of 762 patients published between 2004 and 2017 were included. The total rate of bowel resection was 21.0% (160/762). Eight factors were significantly related to the risk of bowel resection in the pooled analysis: female sex, age, age (>65 years), femoral hernia, bowel obstruction, duration of incarceration (hours), white blood cell count, and neutrophilic leukocyte count. Patients who underwent bowel resection had a significantly increased hospitalization times and postoperative complications.ConclusionThe 8 risk factors mentioned above are significantly associated with bowel resection in incarcerated groin hernia patients. The results of this meta-analysis provide a strong reference for the decision making of surgeons in the treatment of incarcerated groin hernia, facilitating the timely surgery and improving the outcome of patients.     

等离子双极电切镜治疗下尿路疾病

目的总结等离子电切镜治疗下尿路疾病的体会。方法采用经尿道等离子双极电切镜治疗下尿路疾病110例,其中前列腺增生92例,膀胱肿瘤12例,输尿管开口囊肿2例(1例同时行膀胱结石碎石),联合钬激光治疗膀胱结石7例(2例同时行前列腺等离子双极电切),术后随访3~36个月。结果全组无电切综合征等大的围术期并发症及手术死亡患者。92例前列腺增生患者术后89例排尿通畅,其中输血4例。膀胱肿瘤出现闭孔神经反射2例,无大出血及膀胱穿孔发生。输尿管囊肿及膀胱结石均1次顺利完成手术。结论等离子双极电切镜可用于治疗前列腺增生等多种下尿路疾病,安全、效果可靠。     

后腹腔镜技术在肾上腺及上尿路疾病中的应用

目的探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺及上尿路疾病的临床效果及手术技巧。方法采用后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺及上尿路疾病136例,其中肾囊肿去顶减压术68例,肾上腺手术15例(原发性醛固酮增多症4例,嗜铬细胞瘤4例,皮质醇腺瘤2例,神经纤维瘤2例,无功能皮脂腺瘤2例,皮质增生1例),单纯性肾切除术15例,肾癌根治性肾切除术8例,肾盂癌肾输尿管全切术5例,肾盂输尿管成型术3例,输尿管切开取石术12例。结果 134例获得成功,转开放手术5例,无严重并发症发生,疗效满意。结论后腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快等优点,清理腹膜后脂肪为手术提供了较好的视野及空间,通过腰大肌及膈肌脚寻找输尿管及肾动脉方法可靠。     

Usefulness and problems of the urinary tract infection criteria for evaluating drug efficacy for complicated urinary tract infections

We aimed to reveal the usefulness of and problematic points with the Criteria for evaluation of clinical efficacy of antimicrobial agents on urinary tract infection (draft fourth edition) proposed by the UTI Subcommittee of the Clinical Evaluation Guidelines Committee, Japan Society of Chemotherapy, for evaluating antimicrobial agents for complicated urinary tract infections. We conducted a multicenter trial involving 159 patients with complicated urinary tract infections without indwelling urinary catheters. The antimicrobial agents used were cefcapene pivoxil and levofloxacin. "Early evaluation" took place the day after completion of 7 days of therapy; "late evaluation" took place 5-9 days after the end of treatment, and "follow-up evaluation" was done 4-6 weeks after treatment. In the early evaluation, overall clinical efficacy was judged as excellent in 52.9% of the patients, moderate in 26.1%, and poor in 21.0%, and the bacteriological response was judged as "eradicated" for 86.4% of the 198 bacterial strains isolated. Of 96 patients included in the "late evaluation" category in accordance with the draft fourth edition, the clinical outcome was judged as "cured" in 68.4% and the microbiological outcome was judged as "eradicated" in 59.4%. These rates may be low, because 25 patients in whom clinical efficacy was evaluated as "poor" at the end of treatment were separately classified as "failed" at the late evaluation. Of the 49 patients with an excellent clinical response at the end of treatment, symptoms were exacerbated in 18 at the follow-up evaluation. Overall, the draft fourth edition, with some modifications of the third edition criteria, such as the addition of a follow-up evaluation 7 days after the cessation of drug administration, has the potential to play a role in the international standards for evaluating antimicrobial drug efficacy for complicated urinary tract infections.     

Development of a self-management scale for lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with cancer after radical prostatectomy

How can nurses assess the self-management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP)? Patients with prostate cancer who have undergone RP experience multiple LUTS. This study aimed to develop a self-management scale for LUTS in patients with cancer following RP (SMS-LUTS-RP), as well as to verify its reliability and validity. LUTS has physical, social, and psychological consequences for patients. As a result, patients are forced to self-manage their LUTS and LUTS-related issues. However, no indicators exist to assess self-management of LUTS. A total of 246 individuals were surveyed. A 49-item scale draft, whose content validity and face validity were confirmed, was used to develop a questionnaire for patients with LUTS after RP. The reliability and validity were determined using by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach's α coefficient. The exploratory factor analysis produced the following 18 items on five extracted factors: ‘monitoring of urinary status,’ ‘coping with daily life difficulties due to LUTS,’ ‘collaboration with medical professionals,’ ‘continued training to improve LUTS,’ and ‘living with LUTS.’ The goodness-of-fit-index (GFI) for confirmatory factor analysis was 0.876, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.075. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.754–0.820. SMS-LUTS-RP has desirable psychometric properties and can assess the cognitive and behavioural aspects of self-management of LUTS in patients with cancer who have undergone a RP. This scale can be used to provide individualized self-management support according to living conditions.     

经腹膜后入路小切口无气腹内腔镜辅助下上尿路肿瘤手术

目的详细介绍经腹膜后入路小切口、无气腹内腔镜辅助下上尿路肿瘤的手术方法和成功关键,以及我院初步应用的情况和体会。方法自2008年至2010年间随机选择25例上尿路肿瘤患者,其中肾上腺肿瘤12例（肾上腺皮质腺瘤8例、肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤3例、肾上腺囊肿1例）,年龄（54.00±10.06）岁,肿瘤大小（6.91±1.70）cm;肾肿瘤T1～2N0M0期13例（肾透明细胞癌9例、肾细胞癌2例、肾腺癌2例）,年龄（53.22±13.02）岁。均采用经腹膜后入路小切口、无气腹内腔镜辅助下手术的方法施行手术。结果肾上腺肿瘤的平均手术时间为（109.30±12.84）min,根治性肾切除的平均手术时间为（121.80±13.80）min。与同期后腹腔镜手术时间相比,肾上腺肿瘤摘除少30min,根治性肾摘除少80min左右。本组病例术中均未输血,术后7d左右出院。结论小切口、无气腹内腔镜辅助下手术是微创手术方法的另一流派,适合我国国情,有应用价值。     

The correlation between non-O blood group type and recurrent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in critically ill patients: A retrospective study

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the ABO blood group and the risk of recurrent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) organism reinfection in the critically ill.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed CA-UTI to investigate the correlation between ABO type and the susceptibility to recurrent, reinfection and MDR reinfection. Patients were classified into two groups based on ABO type (O blood group versus non-O blood group).ResultsA total of 81 patients were included in the study: 37 in the O blood group and 44 in the non-O blood group. Patients in the O blood group were associated with significantly lower odds of recurrent CA-UTI (adjusted odds ratio 0.28; 95% confidence interval 0.08, 0.95), a shorter ICU length of stay (LOS) (estimate [SE] –0.24 [0.05]), hospital LOS (estimate [SE] –0.15 [0.03]) and mechanical ventilation duration (estimate [SE] –0.41 [0.07]) compared with the non-O blood group type.ConclusionNon-O blood group type might be a risk factor for recurrent CA-UTI and infection with MDR organism.     

尿沉渣分析仪对尿液中细菌测定性能及对尿路感染的筛查价值

目的评估UF-1000i型全自动尿沉渣分析仪对细菌检测性能和筛查尿路感染的价值。方法尿沉渣分析仪以流式细胞技术作为测定原理,对非离心尿液中的红细胞、白细胞、上皮细胞、管型和细菌等进行定量测定;针对细菌的测定就尿定性检查中的亚硝酸盐反应及培养检查尿路感染之间的相关性;使用UF-1000i细菌散点图模型对区别杆菌和球菌的可能性进行研究。结果 UF-1000i尿沉渣分析仪对细菌测定的灵敏度为95.2%,特异度为70.2%,测得细菌尿液中亚硝酸盐阳性率为15.2%,细菌培养后以大肠杆菌最为多见,通过细菌散点图模型培养出细菌杆菌的一致率为94.7%,球菌的一致率为82.5%。结论通过细菌散点图分布的不同可以大致判定细菌是杆菌还是球菌。     

微创经皮肾镜治疗上尿路结石并感染

目的 探讨微创经皮肾镜治疗榆尿管上段结石及肾结石并感染的疗效.方法 对感染较轻的肾、输尿上段结石并感粢者,经控制感染后Ⅰ期行微创经皮肾镜术9例;合并较严重感染者先期行经皮肾造痿、Ⅱ期微创经皮肾镜碎石取石术32例.结果 Ⅰ期行微创经皮肾铰碎石取石术9例中,2例术后出现高热(＞39℃).2例术后体温为38-390C,其余5例术后体温＜38℃.Ⅱ期经皮肾镜碎石取石术32例.所有病例Ⅱ期经痿道碎石取石术后体温均＜38℃.结论 对于榆尿管上段及肾结石并感染患者,经抗炎治疗后复查,血象、体温正常、无腰痛、估计手术时间不长者,选择Ⅰ期经皮肾镜碎石取石术;反之,选择Ⅱ期经皮肾镜术.     

循证护理在留置尿管病人预防尿路感染中的应用

[目的]探讨循证护理对留置尿管病人尿路感染的预防作用。[方法]将380例留置尿管病人随机分为对照组和实验组各190例,对照组病人给予常规护理,实验组病人给予循证护理,比较两组病人尿管留置期间尿路感染的发生率和病人对护理工作的满意度。[结果]实验组、对照组病人尿路感染率分别为2.11%、7.89%,病人满意度分别为96.84%、88.95%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]循证护理有助于降低留置尿管病人尿路感染发生率、提高护理质量。     

神经源性膀胱患者尿路康复护理进展

文章对国内外神经源性膀胱患者尿路康复护理进行了综述,为临床工作者提供依据.阐明了康复护理和膀胱功能训练的方法及措施,主要包括持续引流和间歇性开放留置尿管、膀胱电刺激、间歇性导尿的护理要点.