Effects of zinc deficiency on the brain development in rats

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｚｉｎｃｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｎｔｈｅｂｒａｉｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｒａｔｓＷｕＪｉａｈｕｉ（吴嘉惠）；ＲｅｎＲｏｎｇｎａ（任榕娜）；ＷｅｉＷｅｎ（魏文）；ＸｕＤｉｘｉｏｎｇ（徐迪雄）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｅｄｉａｔｒｉ...     

Effects of zinc deficiency on development and metabolism of the liver in rats

Zincisanessentialelementandonlysecondtoironinamountinourbody.Itparticipatesinthesynthesesofover8Oenzymesandisrelatedtoac-tivitiesofmorethan2oOenzymes-Theliver,an'importantorganinvolvingthebiochemicalmetabolisminthebody,hasthehighconcentrationofzinc-However,fewreportsabouttheeffectsofzincdeficiency(ZD)onthedevelopmentandmetabolismoftheliverhaveeverbeenpublishedathomeandabroad-Inourstudy,theratmodelofZDwasestablishedandtheeffectsofZDonthede-velopmentandmetabolismoftheliverwereinves-tigatedto…     

Prevalence of growth hormone deficiency of children in Beijing.

103,753 (male 51,994, female 51,759) primary and middle school students aged 6-15 years in two districts in Beijing city were surveyed from October 1987 to April 1989. The heights of the students were measured. According to the height standard of northern cities in China, 202 students with heights below the 3rd percentile for age were requested for detailed history, physical examination, screening GH test bone age, T4, SGPT, chest X-ray, routine urine test and sex chromatin (in female). If GH less than 10 micrograms/L, two provocative tests (L-dopa or clonidine and insulin hypoglycaemia test) were done. Then the heights of the short students were observed for 1/2-2 years. GHD was diagnosed in 12 cases based on the GH peak levels less than 10 micrograms/L in two provocative tests, whose growth velocity was slower than that for students of the same age and sex. Of these subjects with GHD, total GHD (GH less than 5 micrograms/L) was present in 7 and partial GHD (GH = 5-9.9 micrograms/L) in 5. The 12 GHD students (male 9, female 3) aged 8.9-15.7 years accounted for 1/8,646 in the total surveyed students. The male and female GHD accounted for 1/5,777 and 1/17,253 in the total males and females respectively.

     

Th17和IL-17在中性粒细胞性哮喘发生发展中作用的研究进展Progress research in effects of Th17 and IL-17 in occurrence and development of neutrophilic asthma

中性粒细胞性哮喘对于哮喘常规治疗方案反应不佳,已成为临床关注的焦点。辅助性T淋巴细胞17（Th17）主要通过分泌白细胞介素17（IL-17）来发挥其生物学作用,可诱导气道中性粒细胞性炎症、杯状细胞增生、黏液高分泌、肌纤维母细胞分化和气道平滑肌增生肥大,在该疾病的病理生理过程中扮演着重要角色。现总结分析Th17/IL-17在中性粒细胞性哮喘气道炎症、激素抵抗和气道重塑中的作用机制,以进一步认识Th17/IL-17在中性粒细胞性哮喘发生发展过程中所发挥的重要作用,并阐述以其为靶点治疗中性粒细胞性哮喘的可行性及最新进展,以便系统深入地探讨国内外相关研究的现状和不足,为中性粒细胞性哮喘的进一步研究提供新的方向,为其治疗提供新的思路和策略。     

Inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in gulinea pig kidney by three bioflavonoids and their interactions with gossypol

To study the effcets of some bioflavonoids on the gossypol-induced hypokalemia.Methods The 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-OHSD)protein was prepared from guinea pig kidney.The activity of 11β-OHSD with NAD as the coenzyme was measured by HPLC.The drug interaction was analysed by isobolographic method.Results The 11β-OHSD can be inhibited by some bioflavonoids.The IC50(95% confidence limits) values were:quereetin 164(79-341)μmol/L,morin 913(385-2173)μmol/L,and naringenin 2193(1114-4315)μmol/L.When the 11β-OHSD was treated with quercetin,tangeretin,morin,naringenin plus gossypol,the combination index (CI)values were 0.92,0.85,0.98,and 1.01 respectively.Conclusion The interaction of some bioflavonoids with gossypol might be one of the factors for gossypol induced hypokalemia.     

Is hepatitis B virus reactivation a risk factor in the development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder following liver transplantation?

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder （PTLD） is a well-known complication of both solid organ and bone marrow transplantation, with a prevalence estimated to be between 1% to 20% depending on the type of organ transplanted. PTLD includes a wide spectrum of proliferative changes ranging from reactive hyperplasia, borderline lesions, to malignant lymphomas. Several factors, such as the clinical immunosuppressive regimen, infection of the Epstein-Barr virus, and underlying disease in the patient are believed to contribute to the development of PTLD.     

Effects of hyperglycaemia on the development of embryos in vitro

通过应用全胚胎体外培养方法研究了高血糖对胚胎生长发育的影响，发现单纯高血糖即可导致胚胎死亡、胚胎畸形和胚胎生长发育迟缓。结果提示在妊娠过程中尤其是在妊娠早期将血糖控制在正常范围内是降低糖尿病孕妇胚胎死亡、畸形和发育迟缓的关键。     

Effect of 17β-estradiol on the Brain Damage and Metabolic Changes in Rats

The neuroprotective effect of estrogens has beenextensively demonstrated in in vitro studies and its a-bility to reduce cell death primary cortical neuronesafter oxidative stress and excitotoxic insults suggeststhat estrogens enhance survival during several typesof cytotoxic events in vivo[1-2 ] . In rats,it has beenshown that physiological levels of estradiol are suffi-cient to exert profound protective effects in the is-chemic brain,specially in the cortex.Several poten-tial mechanisms may u…     

Research and development of biological products in China.

There are six large production institutes of bio-logicals in China. The Kunming Institute of Medical Biology is the largest primate center, specializing in the production of live poliomyelitis vaccine and recently, of live hepatitis vaccine as well. All these institutes have research laboratories of their own which are engaged in the improvement of existing products and development of new ones. The National Institute for Control of Phamaceutical and Biological Products, created in 1951, is responsible for the direction of laboratories located in each production institute, for the testing of natively produced as well as imported biological products and for the preparation and issuing of national standards. Three additional bodies managed directly by the Ministry of Public Health are: Office for the Review of Drugs (including biologicals), Committee for Standardization of Biological Products and Office for Supervision of Drugs. These together consistiute the regulatory system in China.     

Clinical significance of interleukin-17 producing cell infiltration with TGF-β1 expression in glioma

Objective To investigate correlation between the amount of interleukin-17 (IL-17) producing cells and the expression of transforming growth factor (31 (TGF-β1) in glioma,and evaluate the clinical values of IL-17 and TGF-pl in predicting the prognosis of glioma. Methods The presence of IL-17 and TGF-pl was measured by immunohistochemistry in 135 human glioma (WHO Ⅰ 18,WHO Ⅱ 45,WHO Ⅲ 53,WHO Ⅳ 19) tissues and 15 normal brain tissues. Results There was no IL-17 positive staining in normal brain tissues. Of 135 glioma specimens showed low TGF-pl expression and 77 (57. 03% ) showed high TGF-pl expression. No TGF-β1 expression was detected in normal brain tissue. Furthermore,TGF-β1 expression was positively correlated with the amount of IL-17 producing cells in glioma tissues ( r=0.285, P<0.01). Compared with the low grade,the levels of IL-17 and TGF-pl positive cells were obviously increased in high grade. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there were significant differences in overall survival (OS) between the IL-17 and TGF-pl high-expression and lowexpression group (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). The 3-year OS rates of IL-17 of high expression and low expression were 33.75% and 76. 36%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that age,KPS score, IL-17 were independent prognostic factor for OS (P＜0.01). Conclusion Intratumoral IL-17-producing cell density and the expression of TGF-β1 was associated with the malignancy of human glioma.     

17β-Estradiol attenuates diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance through up-regulation of caveolin-3

Background  

Although estrogen contributes to glucose homeostasis, its mechanisms remain unclear.     

Influence of latent iron deficiency on generation of oxygen species in polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Measurement of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) was employed to estimate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in patients with latent iron deficiency. There were no differences in the resting value of PMN CL among 20 patients with iron deficient erythropoiesis (2.92 + 0.38 number of pulses) and 20 normal controls (3.07 + 0.52; P greater than 0.05), but a significant decrease of peak value of PMN CL was observed in patients (45.82 + 7.41) as compared with controls (76.08 + 10.12; P less than 0.01). CL production by PMN in 6 patients with storage iron depletion was similar to that of 6 healthy controls. As a good correlation was found between the peak value of PMN CL and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) level, increase of FEP could serve as a clinical indicator in the evaluation of decrease of ROS generation in PMN of patients with iron deficiency. Oral iron supplementation could effectively improve the impaired PMN ROS generation.

     

Abnormalities of ion-exchange proteins of the red cell membrane in iron deficiency anemia.

The influences of iron deficiency on erythrocyte spanning membrane proteins, band 3 protein and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, were studied in the growing rats with iron deficient anemia. The main findings were (1) reduction of band 3 and increment of band 4.1 protein. (2) diminished rate constant of pyruvate-chloride exchange (Kp:Cl.h-1) of the erythrocytes and (3) significant decrease of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity only at the early stage of iron exhaustion. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between Kp:Cl.h-1 and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity both in iron deficient rats and in the controls. It is suggested that the composition and function of the erythrocyte spanning-membrane proteins for ion exchange could be affected by iron deficiency.

     

Implication of Expression of Osteopontin and Its Receptor Integrin αvβ3 in the Placenta in the Development of Preeclampsia

To investigate the expression of osteopontin （OPN） and its receptor integrin αvβ3 in the placental tissue from pregnant women complicated with preeclampsia, the expression of OPN and αvβ3 in the placenta of the pregnant women with preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR. Our results showed that OPN and αvβ3 protein were expressed in the placenta from normal pregnant woman and those with preeclampsia. OPN was located in the placental syncytiotrophoblasts and the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells and integrin αvβ3 was mainly expressed on the surface of trophoblast cells. Expression of OPN and integrin αvβ3 in the placental tissue from preeclampsia subjects was significantly lower than that from the control group （P〈0.05）. Compared with the control group, expression of OPN in the placental tissue from preeclampsia group was significantly lower （P〈0.05） but there was no significant difference in the expression of αv and β3 between the preeclampsia group and the controls. It is concluded that OPN and its receptor integrin αvβ3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.     

Implication of Expression of Osteopontin and Its Receptor Integrin αvβ3 in the Placenta in the Development of Preeclampsia

To investigate the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and its receptor integrin αvβ3 in the placental tissue from pregnant women complicated with preeelampsia,the expression of OPN and αvβ3 in the placenta of the pregnant women with preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women was detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blotting and RT-PCR. Our results showed that OPN and αvβ3 protein were expressed in the placenta from normal pregnant woman and those with preeclampsia. OPN was located in the placental syncytiotrophoblasts and the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells and integrin αvβ3 was mainly expressed on the surface of trophoblast cells. Expression of OPN and integrin αvβ3 in the placental tissue from preeclampsia subjects was significantly lower than that from the control group (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group,expression of OPN in the placental tissue from preeclampsia group was significantly lower (P＜0.05) but there was no significant difference in the expression of αv and β3 between the preeclampsia group and the controls. It is concluded that OPN and its receptor integrin αvβ3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.     

Study on the pathophysiologic basis of classification of ‘spleen’ deficiency in chronic gastritis

Background Most of the studies on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ‘spleen’ deficiency syndrome in the recent 30 years were conducted only on the basis of single functional index, neglecting the study on the pathophysiologic internal relationship between spleen deficiency syndrome and gastric diseases in modern medicine. But it was at the subcellular molecular biological level that we explored the pathophysiologic basis of classification of spleen deficiency in chronic gastritis by detecting the bioactive substances in gastric mucosa nuclei and mitochondria. Methods By means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and histochemical staining, we conducted histopathological, subcellular ultrastructural analysis and nuclei and mitochondrial ultrastructural analysis of gastric mucosa of 188 spleen deficiency patients and of 42 voluntary blood donors. At the same time, bioactive substances were measured by means of X-ray energy dispersive analysis system (EDAX) image analysis system, radioimmunoassay method and chemiluminescence method. Results The content of cAMP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Zn and Cu in gastric mucosa, and the content of Zn and Cu in mitochondria decreased progressively in order of groups: healthy control (HC), spleen Qi deficiency without organic lesion (F-SQD), spleen Yang deficiency without organic lesion (F-SyangD), disease without symptoms group, spleen Qi deficiency with organic lesion (G-SQD), spleen Yang deficiency with organic lesion (G-SyangD), spleen Yin deficiency (SyinD) and spleen deficiency with Qi stagnation (SDQS), chronic spleen deficiency gastritis (CSG) and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG); decreased in order of HC, intestinal metaplasia (IM)Ⅰa, IMⅠb, IMⅡa and IMⅡb, P&lt;0.05. The content of DNA, Zn and Cu in nuclei progressively increased in order mentioned above, P&lt;0.05.Conclusions The quantitative changes of gastric mucosal cAMP, SOD, Zn, Cu, of mitochondrial Zn, Cu and of nuclear DNA, Zn and Cu are not only the substance base on which the lesion of gastric mucosa tissue structure occurs, but also the substance base on which spleen deficiency is classified. G-SQD and G-SyangD were more likely to be found in low-grade or middle-grade CSG and CAG, while SyinD and SDQS in middle-grade or high-grade CSG, CAG and IMⅡb.