孕期口腔诊疗临床实践指南的系统评价和总结建议

目的: 评价和总结孕期口腔疾病预防、诊断和治疗的临床实践指南,为参与孕期口腔诊疗的口腔全科医生提供总结性建议。方法: 使用“产前口腔保健”结合“指南”或“共识声明”等关键词检索在线数据库、专业机构网站和循证实践平台等网站,筛选出符合纳入标准的已发表的指南或共识声明,使用临床指南研究与评估系统II（AGREE-II）对入选指南的制定过程和报告质量进行评价,并对各临床指南间主要临床建议及其一致性进行了总结和评估。结果: 经检索共筛选出15篇孕期口腔诊疗指南或共识声明,全文评估后确定7篇符合纳入标准,随后使用AGREE-II对纳入指南进行分析。这些指南均是由专家组和共识会议在全面审查现有的最佳证据后制定的,并一致提出口腔疾病的预防、诊断、修复和牙周治疗以及拔牙在整个孕期都是安全的,并且能有效的改善和维持孕妇及其子代的口腔健康。对妊娠期口腔疾病应及时治疗,并可在怀孕的任何时期进行牙科急诊治疗。为保持孕妇口腔健康应每6个月进行一次口腔检查和牙周洁治。结论: 已发表的临床指南为口腔医生对孕妇进行及时和有效的口腔诊疗提出了清晰和一致的指导建议。口腔疾病的预防、诊断和治疗在整个妊娠周期都是安全的。     

Preparing Dental Office Staff Members for Emergencies: Developing a Basic Action Plan

Background and OverviewA medical emergency can occur in any dental office, and managing it successfully requires preparation. The dentist should develop a basic action plan that is understood by all staff members. The goal is to manage the patient's care until he or she recovers fully or until help arrives. The most important aspect of almost all medical emergencies in dentistry is to prevent or correct insufficient oxygenation of the brain or heart. The dentist or a staff member needs to position (P) the patient appropriately. He or she then needs to assess and, if needed, manage the airway (A), breathing (B) and circulation (C). The dentist and staff members then can consider “D,” which stands for definitive treatment, differential diagnosis, drugs or defibrillation. A team approach should be used, with each staff member trained in basic life support and understanding the role expected of him or her ahead of time. Clear and effective communication is essential during any emergency.ConclusionsAll staff members should understand the basic action plan so that they can put it into effect should any emergency arise in the dental office.Clinical ImplicationsPreparing staff members is integral to the successful management of a medical emergency in the dental office.     

口腔颌面外科手术合并2019新型冠状病毒感染的管理策略

目前,2019冠状病毒病(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)在国内持续蔓延。口腔诊疗存在其特殊性,口腔科医生在诊疗过程中需近距离面对患者的口鼻,而潜伏期的患者在不知情的情况下前来就诊,极易造成医务人员感染,甚至导致疫情蔓延。疫情流行期间,原则上如非急诊手术,应延后择期进行。但因病情需要或需实施急诊手术时,应全面评估病情,掌握手术指征,严格执行消毒隔离制度,认真做好防护工作。为做好口腔颌面外科手术的管理与自身防护,避免疫情扩散,保护医患健康,现提出COVID-19流行期间开展口腔颌面外科手术的防控策略,供口腔科医生参考。     

Preparing for Medical Emergencies: The Essential Drugs and Equipment for the Dental Office

BackgroundAcute medical emergencies can and do occur in the dental office. Preparing for them begins with a team approach by the dentist and staff members who have up-to-date certification in basic life support for health care providers. The ability to react immediately to the emergency at hand, including telephoning for help and having the equipment and drugs needed to respond to an emergency, can mean the difference between successful management and failure.OverviewThe purpose of this article is to provide a vision of the training, basic and critical drugs, and equipment necessary for staff members in general dental offices to manage the most common and anticipated medical emergencies.Conclusions and Clinical ImplicationsCompletion of annual continuing education courses and office medical emergency drills ensure a rapid response to emergency situations. It is the combination of a knowledgeable and skilled dental team with the equipment for basic airway rescue and oxygenation, monitoring equipment, an automated external defibrillator and a basic drug emergency kit that make the dental office a safer environment for patients and enhance dental professionals' capability to render competent and timely aid.     

Summary of the new 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Basic Life Support (CPR)

Approximately every 5 years, American Heart Association (AHA) experts review emerging scientific evidence and recent clinical experiences and update the AHA guidelines for basic and advanced life support procedures for in-hospital and out-of-hospital victims of life-threatening cardiac events. This article summarizes many of the 2010 changes in those guidelines as they apply to dental healthcare providers (HCP). More detailed information will be available in the near future as these guidelines are fully implemented and instructional materials are released by the AHA. Until they are trained in future AHA or American Red Cross (ARC) basic or advanced cardiac life support (BLS, ACLS) courses in 2011, dentists, dental assistants, dental hygienists, and office staff should continue to rely on the training and information they received in their most recent basic (and/or advanced cardiac) life support training course.     

Scientific Abstracts of 40th Annual Conference of Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India

Introduction

Bone marrow (BM) derived pleuripotent undifferentiated stem cells represent a promising population for supporting new concepts in cellular therapy.

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the versatility of pleuripotent undifferentiated stem cells derived from BM aspiration and its applications in oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures.

Materials and Methods

A total of 30 patients out of which 15 were with hard tissue defects (cystic lesions n = 6, post surgical alveolar defects n = 4, peri implant defects n = 3, alveolar clefts n = 2) and 15 soft tissue lesions (leukoplakia and lichen planus n = 6, oral submucous fibrosis n = 7, post traumatic soft tissue loss n = 2) were included in the study on randomized clinical basis. The patients received autologous BM derived mononuclear cells which were being locally delivered into the lesion and followed up. The parameters used were (1) To compare and evaluate the bone regeneration by radiographic assessment at the end of 3rd and 6th month postoperatively. (2) Duration of the procedure. (3) Clinical improvement in the management of soft tissue lesions. (4) Assessment of wound healing by Vancouver burn scar assessment of wound. (5) Safety, postoperative infections and complications.

Results

For hard tissue lesions CT scans and OPG revealed adequate regenerated bone, bridging the defect after 3 months. Hounsfield units of regenerated bone after 6 months were more or less similar to native bone which was statistically significant (unpaired t test = p < 0.05). For soft tissue lesions (1) 7 cases of OSMF showed adequate clinical mouth opening (one way anova test = p < 0.05), reduction in burning sensation and blanching of mucosa, (2) 6 cases of leukoplakia and lichen planus and 2 cases of post traumatic soft tissue defects showed good clinical improvement by Vancouver burn scar assessment of wound index.

Conclusion

The study shows that there is a definite beneficial effect in bone regeneration and soft tissue wound healing with the use of BM-derived mononuclear cells.

     

口腔颌面外科全麻手术患者的呼吸道管理

目的：探讨口腔颌面外科全麻手术患者的呼吸道管理。方法：收集8例口腔颌面外科全麻手术发生呼吸道并发症患者的资料，对其病因、措施及救治方法进行分析。结果：呼吸道并发症病因多样，导致后果较为严重，正确分析病因，采取措施，可有效防范呼吸道并发症的发生。结论：在术前、术中、术后妥善管理好呼吸道，是防止发生呼吸并发症，保障医疗安全的关键。