大转子区筋膜骨膜血管分布及其临床意义

目的：为股方肌蒂大转子筋膜骨膜骨瓣移位术提供解剖学基础。方法：在３４侧下肢标本上对大转子区筋膜和骨膜的形态特点及其血供进行了解剖学观察。结果：大转子区筋膜较厚,分浅、深两层,与臀大肌筋膜和大转子骨膜通过疏松结缔组织相连。筋膜和骨膜的动脉来源为多源性,来自旋股内侧动脉深支、臀下动脉大转子支、第１穿动脉升支、旋股外侧动脉升支和横支。它们在大转子形成广泛的吻合。旋股内侧动脉深支管径为１．７±０．５ｍｍ,长３．３±０．７ｃｍ,其筋膜支和骨膜支是大转子的主要营养血管。臀下动脉大转子支管径１．４±０．５ｍｍ,长５．２±０．８ｃｍ,常与旋股内侧动脉深支吻合。结论：带筋膜血管的骨膜骨瓣比不带筋膜的骨膜骨瓣血供丰富。根据大转子区筋膜和骨膜的血管分布特点,可设计带筋膜血管的股方肌蒂大转子骨膜骨瓣。     

带血管蒂大转子骨瓣修复股骨上段的应用解剖

股骨上段骨折后骨不连,肿瘤切除后骨缺损等需移植骨块填充修复,恢复下肢功能.本研究采用旋股内侧动脉深支为蒂的大转子骨瓣转位修复股骨上段骨不连、骨缺损或吻合血管移植修复其它部位骨缺损等,具有可行,供临床骨外科开展新的供骨区和术式时参考.1 材料和方法研究用经甲醛常规固定并经红色乳胶动脉内灌注过的成人下肢标本40侧.仔细解剖出旋股内侧动脉深支及大转子支,观察了其走行、位置、分支及分布.用电子数显卡尺测量了有关数据和血管的供骨范围,经统计学处理,依据手术设计,在尸体标本上进行了手术模拟试验.2 结果2.1 旋股内侧动脉 旋股内侧动脉深支发出后,恒定地经短收肌与闭孔外肌之间达髋关节后方,继经股方     

带血管蒂大转子骨瓣修复股骨头、颈的解剖及其应用

通过60侧解剖标本观测了供应大转子后部的应供来源.我们设计了以旋股内侧动脉深支或臀下动脉吻合支为血管蒂的大转子骨瓣转位植骨以修复股骨颈骨折和股骨头缺血性坏死.临床已施行20例均取得良好的近期效果.     

经旋股内侧动脉深支和旋股外侧动脉升支介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的应用解剖

对 50例成人下肢标本的旋股内侧动脉深支和旋股外侧动脉升支的起源、起点、外径、走行、分布以及经这二支血管介入有关的结构进行观测 ,为介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死提供更接近病变部位及可进行插管的血管。结果表明 ,旋股外侧动脉升支与横支共干起自旋股外侧动脉者占 68% ,升支单独起自旋股外侧动脉占 2 6 % ;旋股内侧动脉深支由旋股内侧动脉主干延续而来。旋股内、外侧动脉深支或升支起点外径分别为 3 0± 0 8mm、 2 8± 0 7mm。从股动脉的起点 ,经股深动脉、旋股外侧动脉至其升支长度为 7 1± 1 1cm ;经股深动脉、旋股内侧动脉至其深支长度为 5 6± 1 4cm。旋股内侧动脉与其深支间约呈 90 。 角 ;旋股外侧动脉与其升支间约呈 1 33。 角。旋股内、外侧动脉深支 (升支 )为营养股骨头和颈的血管 ,这二支血管符合导管插入要求     

股内侧推进肌瓣的应用解剖

在40侧成人下肢标本上,观察了股内侧肌的形态、血供和神经支配。该肌血供分布呈节段性,来自股动脉,膝降动脉、股深动脉和旋股外侧动脉。肌的静脉回流通过与动脉的伴行静脉注入股静脉。肌的运动神经来自股神经的股内侧肌支。本文讨论了股内侧推进肌瓣的应用解剖学要点。     

股骨髓内钉进针点对股骨近端血供影响的解剖学研究

目的　推导股骨髓内钉进针点对股骨近端血供的影响。 方法 正常成人防腐髋关节标本68侧,观测旋骨外侧动脉、旋骨内侧动脉、臀上动脉和臀上动脉在股骨近端的分布、位置及与肌肉的关系,以及在股骨近端的血管吻合情况。 结果 10.3%（7侧）在臀小肌附着处旋股外侧动脉升支与旋股内侧动脉深支吻合, 89.7%（61侧）旋股内侧动脉深支与臀下动脉相吻合,70.6%（48侧）旋股内侧动脉深支与臀上动脉相吻合。 结论 当旋股内侧动脉损伤时其血供可由臀上、臀下动脉吻合补偿,而并非为旋股外侧动脉代偿。     

旋股内侧动脉解剖学观测及在介入法治疗下肢动脉疾患的意义

目的:为利用旋股内侧动脉深支介入法治疗下肢动脉疾病提供解剖学依据。方法:股部正常经福尔马林固定动脉灌注红色乳胶成人下肢标本50侧。观测旋股内侧动脉及其深支的起源、起点外径、走行和分布。以两侧髂前上棘的连线作为X轴,经髂前上棘所作垂直线为Y轴。分别测量旋股内侧动脉及其深支起始处至X轴和Y轴的距离,以此定位旋股内侧动脉及其深支的起始端。结果:旋股内侧动脉起始处外径,男(4.75±0.94)mm,女(3.92±0.88)mm。其深支起点的外径,男(3.90±0.70)mm,女(3.43±0.69)mm。旋股内侧动脉起点距X轴的距离:男(10.21±1.16)cm,女(9.58±1.67)cm;与Y轴间距:男(5.66±1.02)cm,女(5.37±0.59)cm。旋股内侧动脉深支起点与X轴的间距:男(10.61±1.21)cm,女(9.92±1.42)cm;与Y轴之间的距离分别为(6.48±1.18)cm和(6.31±0.66)cm。上述指标中,旋股内侧动脉主干及其深支的外径具有性别差异(P<0.05)。结论:旋股内侧动脉深支可运用于介入治疗下肢动脉疾患。髂前上棘可作为标志定位旋股内侧动脉及其深支的起点。在操作中,要注意性别差异,并注意保护股血管。     

旋股外侧血管蒂复(联)合组织瓣移植的解剖学基础

目的：为以旋股外侧血管蒂复(联)合组织瓣移植提供解剖学基础。方法：50侧成人下肢标本解剖观察旋股外侧动脉分支起始类型及其分布。结果：旋股外侧动脉分支起始主要有3型：Ⅰ型：旋股外侧动脉发升支、横支和降支占76％；Ⅱ型：升支、横支、降支由两干从股深动脉或股动脉发出占20％；Ⅲ型：升支、横支、降支单独从股深动脉或股动脉发m占4％。升支恒定分支分布于阔筋膜张肌和髂嵴前外侧部；横支分支分布于股外侧肌上部和大转子前外侧部；降支分支分布于股外侧肌和股前外侧部皮肤。结论：76％可以旋股外侧血管为蒂形成：①升支阔筋膜张肌皮瓣和／或髂骨瓣；②横支大转子骨瓣或骨膜瓣；③降支股前外侧皮瓣。20％则可以升支和横支或横支和降支共十形成相应两个组织瓣：     

股方肌动脉的显微解剖与临床应用

<正> 本文对30具童尸的股方肌血管分布,结合11例股骨颈骨折,用股方肌肌骨瓣治疗进行临床研究。股方肌的营养动脉主要由臀下或臀上动脉的肌支发出,分布股方肌上缘,称股方肌上动脉,入肌点多在股方肌上缘内侧。股方肌腹侧面动脉来自旋股内侧动脉深支,称股方肌下动脉,入肌点在股方肌的中部及后缘。本组病例依据氏分     

旋髂浅动脉与旋股外侧动脉降支共干起于股动脉1例

正旋髂浅动脉多发自腹股沟韧带下方1.0～4.0 cm,其他可发自旋髂深动脉、旋股外侧动脉、股深动脉或旋股内侧动脉,单干或者共干。旋髂浅动脉与旋股外侧动脉降支共干起源于股动脉的情况临床尚未见报道。笔者在解剖1具青年男尸时发现其右侧存在此类变异(图1),现报道如下:本例标本右侧旋髂浅动脉与旋股外侧动脉降支于腹股沟韧带下方2.5 cm处共干,起始处外径3.5 mm,起于股动脉外侧壁,共干长1.5 cm,随即分出旋髂浅动脉与旋股外侧动脉降支。(1)旋髂浅动脉,起始处外径1.5 mm,向外侧横向走行1.0 cm分出1横支分布于股骨大转子附近,主干向髂前上棘方向走行于深筋膜层,分布于附近的皮肤及筋膜。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995