保留乳头乳晕乳腺全切除术并Ⅰ期乳房重建126例

目的探讨保留乳头乳晕的乳腺全切除术（NSM）及Ⅰ期乳房重建的适应证、方法、效果及可行性。方法对深圳市第二人民医院2005年6月至2011年10月收治的126例乳腺癌患者行保留乳头乳晕的乳腺全切术及Ⅰ期假体植入的乳房重建术,术后从客观和主观两方面评价美容效果,观察其并发症及随访治疗效果。结果126例患者均手术成功。6例早期出现轻微并发症,予以对症治疗后痊愈。术后随访6-80个月,主、客观评价的优良率均为97．62％。其中118例乳腺癌患者无局部复发和远处转移。结论保留乳头乳晕的乳腺全切术及Ⅰ期乳房重建术的手术操作简单易行,美容效果好,无严重并发症,且不影响乳腺癌的综合治疗。     

保留乳头乳晕的乳房全切术后带蒂大网膜联合假体乳房一期重建23例

目的探讨保留乳头乳晕的乳房全切术后带蒂大网膜联合假体一期乳房重建的可行性和效果。 方法选择湖南省肿瘤医院乳腺二科2013年8月至2015年9月收治的0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者23例,所有患者按肿瘤切除原则先行保留乳头乳晕的乳房全切术,取上腹部小切口游离带蒂大网膜联合凝胶假体植入胸大小肌之间行乳房一期重建。 结果23例大网膜组织瓣全部成活,随访3~25个月,无一例假体移位、破裂,重建乳房外观自然、柔软、形态良好,其中2例导管内癌患者因术后预留乳头乳晕部位皮肤较薄出现了乳头缺血,颜色变黑,随访3个月,未见坏死。随访期间未见一例复发。 结论保留乳头乳晕的改良根治术后带蒂大网膜联合假体一期乳房重建是一种安全可行且美容效果良好的手术方法。     

内镜辅助治疗乳腺癌16例临床分析

目的:探讨内镜下腋窝淋巴结清扫并保留乳头、乳晕的皮下全乳腺腺体切除术治疗乳腺癌的可行性及其优势。方法:为16例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者行内镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术,同时行保留乳头、乳晕的皮下全乳腺腺体切除术。结果:16例均成功完成保留乳头、乳晕的皮下全乳腺腺体切除术;内镜下行腋窝淋巴结清扫术的每例患者取出淋巴结8～26枚,平均15.6枚,6例发现1～5枚转移淋巴结。术后患者常规综合治疗,随访1.2～4.1年,死亡1例,失访2例,出现乳腺癌远处转移3例,其他病例无局部复发、患肢水肿及严重感觉运动障碍等并发症发生。结论:借助内镜器械,通过腋窝处微小隐蔽切口即可完成腋窝淋巴结清扫术,同时可行保留乳头、乳晕的全乳腺腺体皮下切除术,以此术式代替常规乳腺癌根治术,在保证疗效的前提下,极大地减少了并发症的发生率,有良好的功能和美容效果。     

乳腺癌不保留或保留乳头乳晕复合体的乳房切除术后胸肌前假体+补片Ⅰ期乳房重建的临床应用

目的 探讨乳腺癌不保留或保留乳头乳晕复合体的乳房切除术后胸肌前假体+补片Ⅰ期乳房重建术的手术方法、早期安全性及美容学效果。方法 回顾性分析2022年1—7月于四川大学华西医院行乳腺癌不保留或保留乳头乳晕复合体的乳房切除术后胸肌前假体+补片Ⅰ期乳房重建患者的临床资料,统计患者的手术时间、术中出血量、早期并发症,并采用Ueda评分及Harris评分评估其早期美容学效果。结果 纳入患者23例,均为女性,平均年龄（39.0±6.8）岁。1例患者双侧乳房均为恶性肿瘤,其余患者均为单侧恶性肿瘤。6例患者术前接受新辅助化疗,新辅助化疗前彩色超声包块平均最大径（24.4±11.9）mm。平均手术时间（153.9±49.4）min,术中出血量（29.2±18.3）mL。术后临床分期：新辅助化疗后未见癌残余1例、0期3例、Ⅰ期10例、Ⅱ期6例、Ⅲ期3例。患者均获随访,中位随访时间4.8(3.0～9.2)个月。术后3个月内主要并发症2例（8.3%）,其中1例手术切口裂开、1例术区出血;次要并发症4例（16.7%）,其中2例手术切口裂开、2例手术部位感染。术后3个月Ueda评分优好率达82.6%,Harris...     

吸脂法乳房皮下腺体全切术治疗男性乳腺发育症

目的：探讨吸脂法皮下腺体全切术治疗男性乳房发育症的临床价值及美容效果。方法2012年3月-2014年3月对13例男性乳房发育症行吸脂法皮下腺体全切术。在乳房肥大区域皮下脂肪层注射脂肪裂解液,乳晕旁取1．0 cm切口,采用负压吸脂,抽吸该区域内的脂肪组织,经小切口逐条切除增生肥大的乳腺组织,术毕生物胶粘合切口。结果单侧手术时间40-100 min,平均70 min;出血量20-50 ml,平均30 ml。2例皮下少量积液,其中1例局部血肿,经反复抽吸3 d后愈合。术后住院时间平均2．8 d（2-5 d）。切口隐匿,无明显瘢痕,一期愈合,无乳头、乳晕坏死,胸部曲线平坦、自然,无凹凸不平感。8例随访3个月,外形均比较满意,乳头形态正常,3例术后乳头乳晕麻木,3个月后感觉恢复正常。结论吸脂法皮下腺体全切术治疗男性乳房发育症,操作简单,安全,美容效果满意。     

改良乳房下真皮乳腺单蒂瓣巨乳缩小术

目的为了进一步保证巨乳缩小术后乳头乳晕的血供和感觉,减少手术并发症。方法设计应用乳房下真皮单蒂瓣,并保留部分乳腺组织的垂直乳腺蒂,及切除的乳腺组织位于乳房下方两侧的巨乳缩小术,自1994年1月至1995年11月,为67例(132侧)巨乳患者在法国斯德拉斯堡欧洲美容整形诊所进行治疗。结果术后全部患者无乳头乳晕并发症,感觉正常。结论结合乳腺垂直蒂和乳房下真皮单蒂瓣的改良巨乳缩小术,不但可以确保乳头乳晕的血供,且可减少感觉损伤,降低手术并发症,及提供良好形态。     

改良乳房下真皮乳腺单蒂瓣巨乳缩小术

目的为了进一步保证巨乳缩小术后乳头乳晕的血供和感觉，减少手术并发症。方法设计应用乳房下真皮单蒂瓣，并保留部分乳腺组织的垂直乳腺蒂，及切除的乳腺组织位于乳房下方两侧的巨乳缩小术，自１９９４年１月至１９９５年１１月，为６７例（１３２侧）巨乳患者在法国斯德拉斯堡欧洲美容整形诊所进行治疗。结果术后全部患者无乳头乳晕并发症，感觉正常。结论结合乳腺垂直蒂和乳房下真皮单蒂瓣的改良巨乳缩小术，不但可以确保乳头乳晕的血供，且可减少感觉损伤，降低手术并发症，及提供良好形态。     

乳腺区段切除联合乳房内成形术治疗乳头溢液65例分析

目的探讨乳头溢液的手术方法及其治疗效果。方法对65例乳头溢液患者行美蓝引导下乳腺区段切除,并对区段切除或者保乳手术的62例患者行广基带血管腺体组织瓣I期乳房内成形术,术后评估乳房美容效果并行短期随访。结果恶性病变13例。行乳房内成形术的62例患者均未出现切VI局部并发症,美蓝引导下乳腺区段切除能够完全切除病灶,广基带血管腺体组织瓣I期乳房内成形术使术后乳腺美容效果全部达优良。结论重视乳头溢液的病因诊断,美蓝引导下的乳腺区段切除保证乳头溢液的病因诊断和治疗,广基带血管腺体组织瓣I期乳房内成形术是区段切除和保乳术的重要辅助术式,具有良好的美容效果。     

保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术并Ⅰ期假体重建

目的探讨保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术并Ⅰ期假体重建的可行性及治疗效果。 方法收集并回顾性分析2012年3月至2013年3月本院7例施行保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术并Ⅰ期假体重建患者的临床资料。 结果TNM分期:0期2例,ⅠA期1例,ⅡA期3例,交界性叶状肿瘤1例;术后所有病例未见乳头坏死,假体位置良好;中位随访11个月,所有病例均未出现肿瘤局部复发或转移。 结论对早期乳腺癌患者,保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术并Ⅰ期假体重建安全性好,并发症发生率低,选用乳房下皱襞切口能达到更好的美容效果。     

保留乳晕及外下侧薄层乳腺瓣的男性乳腺抽吸辅助切除术

目的 探讨保留乳晕及外下侧皮下薄层乳腺瓣,结合肿胀抽吸辅助乳晕小切口男性乳腺切除术的临床应用及其疗效.方法 术前患者采取站位,标记拟切除的乳腺范围、脂肪抽吸范围、两者的过渡区以及拟保留的近三角形薄层乳腺瓣区域,肿胀麻醉后,先进行脂肪抽吸后,经乳晕小切口行保留乳晕及外下侧皮下薄层乳腺的男性乳腺切除术.结果 本组患者13例(26只乳房),均为男性乳腺增生症,术后胸部塑形效果好,切口Ⅰ期愈合,无明显并发症,6例患者随访3～9个月,胸部形态平坦美观,触之无异常肿块和结节.结论 经初步临床结果验证,该方法可行,美容效果好,并能有效预防乳头乳晕感觉减退、皮肤血运不良、血肿以及血清肿并发症的发生.     

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??Immediate breast reconstruction using prosthesis after nipple-sparing mastectomy for breast diseases??a report of 10 cases ZHANG Ya-nan*, QIAN Hong-mei, YOU Cheng-zhong, et al. *Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
Corresponding author: ZHANG Ya-nan, E-mail: zhangyanan79@126.com
Abstract Objective To investigate the indications, surgical methods, effects and feasibility of immediate breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy. Methods The immediate breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy was performed in 10 cases of breast disease from January 2009 to October 2010 in Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University. The effects of reconstructed breast were evaluated according to objective and subjective criteria. Postoperative complications were observed and therapeutic effects were followed up. Results All operations were successful. Two cases had slight complications in early postoperative stage and were cured quickly. The aesthetic outcome and the satisfactory rate were all 100% during 6—18 months follow-up. No recurrence and metastasis were founded in 7 cases. Conclusion The operation method of immediate breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy is maneuverable and has excellent effect of aesthetics with no influence of the therapy of breast diseases.     

Update on one-stage immediate breast reconstruction with definitive prosthesis after sparing mastectomies

Immediate breast reconstruction after skin and nipple-sparing mastectomies is commonly performed as a two-stage procedure; to overcome the paradox of traditional two-stage tissue expander/implant reconstruction used to create a tight muscular pocket that needs expansion to produce lower pole fullness, while losing the laxity of the mastectomy skin flaps, the authors conceived a subpectoral-subfascial pocket by elevating the major pectoral muscle in continuity with the superficial pectoralis fascia up to the inframammary fold. This alteration allowed for the immediate insertion of the definitive implant.The authors present their experience in 220 cases of immediate one-stage breast reconstructions with definitive prostheses in sparing mastectomies. Immediate and long-term local complications were evaluated. Immediate breast reconstruction with definitive anatomical silicone-filled implants can produce excellent cosmetic results (78.6%) with a low rate of complications (17.7%); these results allow for agreement between oncologic, aesthetic and economic purposes.     

Immediate Breast Reconstruction After Skin- or Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy for Previously Augmented Patients: A Personal Technique

Background  

Breast reconstruction for previously augmented patients differs from breast reconstruction for nonaugmented patients. Many surgeons regard conservation therapy as not feasible for these patients because of implant complications, whether radiotherapy-induced or not. Despite this, most authors agree that mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction is the most suitable choice, ensuring both a good cosmetic result and a low complication rate. Implant retention or removal remains a controversial topic in addition to the best available surgical technique. This study reviewed the authors’ experience with immediate breast reconstruction after skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) and nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with anatomically definitive implants.     

保留乳头乳晕的乳房切除术联合DIEP即刻乳房重建临床效果分析

目的 分析总结保留乳头乳晕的乳房切除术联合腹壁下深动脉穿支皮瓣（DIEP）即刻乳房重建的临床效果和操作经验。 方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属华山医院甲乳外科2016年1月至2018年10月行全乳切除联合DIEP即刻乳房重建81例临床资料,比较在联合DIEP即刻重建时,保留乳头乳晕（NSM组,38例）和未保留乳头乳晕（非NSM组,43例）的全乳切除两种不同术式的手术成功率、安全性、并发症、病人满意度等。 结果 81例DIEP均存活,无皮瓣丢失。未出现乳房皮肤坏死、术区感染、皮下积液。NSM组分别有1例（2.6%）血管危象和2例（5.3%）部分脂肪坏死,非NSM组分别有2例（4.7%）血管危象和2例（4.7%）部分脂肪坏死,组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。NSM组NAC血运障碍3例（7.9%）,未出现完全坏死。术后6个月,NSM组满意率81.6%,高于非NSM组（72.1%）,但两组差异无统计学意义（P=0.315）。中位随访时间22（8～42）个月,无局部复发和远处转移。结论 在准确把握手术指征及掌握手术技巧的前提下,NSM联合DIEP即刻乳房重建安全可靠,较不保留乳头乳晕的手术,不增加并发症,NAC坏死率可控,病人满意度高。     

Laparoscopically harvested omental flap for immediate breast reconstruction

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer surgery and accompanying breast reconstruction have been diversified. We report our experience of immediate breast reconstruction using laparoscopically harvested omental flap (LHOF). METHODS: During a 44-month period, 44 immediate breast reconstructions with LHOF were performed. Patients were followed up for complications and cosmetic results. RESULTS: Forty cases of pedicled LHOF and 4 cases of free LHOF were performed after either nipple-sparing mastectomy (n = 21) or breast-conservation treatment (n = 23). Morbidity included 1 minor vascular injury (2.3%) of the LHOF, 4 wound and graft infections (9.1%), and 1 epigastric hernia (2.3%). Cosmetic results were mostly satisfactory, with a soft breast that was natural in appearance. Donor-site scars were minimal. However, in 5 patients (12.5%), omental flap size was found to be inadequate during the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a limit of volume, LHOF is an attractive autologous flap, which makes a natural soft breast and minimal deformity of the donor site.     

乳腺癌手术后即刻乳房重建患者的生活质量评价

目的对乳腺癌手术后即刻乳房重建患者的生活质量进行评价。 方法收集2017年11月—2019年11月在海南医学院第一附属医院乳腺胸部肿瘤外科接受乳房改良根治术的乳腺癌患者150例，根据手术方式分为根治术后即刻乳房重建组(根治＋重建组，n＝25)和根治术后未行即刻乳房重建组(单纯根治组，n＝125)。术后6个月时，应用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织乳腺癌生活质量量表(EORTC QLQ-BR45)调查两组患者的生活质量，采用自制乳腺癌配偶问卷调查两组患者配偶的生活满意度，并进行组间比较。分析患者手术方式选择的影响因素。 结果生活质量调查分析发现：根治＋重建组患者在身体形象、性欲、未来预期方面的得分优于单纯根治组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。自制问卷分析结果显示：根治＋重建组配偶在身体形象、自身性功能和感情家庭方面的得分优于单纯根治组配偶，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistics回归分析结果显示：患者的年龄和经济水平与手术方式的选择有关(P<0.05)。 结论乳腺癌手术后即刻乳房重建患者的生活质量优于未行即刻乳房重建的患者。年龄和经济水平可能是乳腺癌患者手术方式选择的影响因素。     

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??Subcutaneous implant placement by means of a full titanium-coated polypropylene mesh coverage for immediate breast reconstruction in surgery of breast cancer??An analysis of 15 cases GUAN Shan, WANG Yu, ZHANG Kai-tong, et al. Oncology Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100176, China
Corresponding author: WANG Yu, E-mail: jackymoli613@163.com
Abstract Objective To explore the application value of subcutaneous implant placement by means of a full titanium-coated polypropylene mesh (TCPM) coverage in immediate breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy. Methods Totally 15 cases of primary breast cancer patients who prepared to receive subcutaneous implant placement by means of a full TCPM coverage in immediate breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy enrolled in Oncology Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2016 to February 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The operation data and the postoperative complications were evaluated. Results Operation time was (156.7±33.7) minutes; the volume and time of drainage were (307.3±51.0) mL and (8.9±1.2) days. All the cases received follow-up. No nipple and skin flap necrosis, seroma, wound dehiscence, infection and graft reaction were observed during a median follow-up time of 5.6(3~8) months. Postoperative appearance: excellent in 10 cases and good in 5 cases. Conclusion Immediate reconstructions with TCPM total implant coverage can be performed without destroying any muscular dissection. The surgical procedure is simplified; the operative time is reduced; no relevant complication increases. TCPM can achieve good cosmetic outcome of reconstructed breasts.     

Is the sensitivity of skin‐sparing mastectomy or nipple‐sparing mastectomy superior to conventional mastectomy with innervated flap?

The purpose of this study was to investigate sensory recovery in 33 patients who underwent conventional mastectomy, skin-sparing mastectomy, or nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction using abdominal flaps. Reconstructions included a pedicled transverse (28 cases) or vertical (five cases) rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. Sensory reconstruction was performed in 15 cases by neurorrhaphy using intercostal nerve. Patients were classified into six groups according to type of mastectomy and use of neurorrhaphy. Sensory recovery was estimated by touch, pain, and hot and cold sensation at the nipple, areola, and 4 points at a distance of 2 cm from the areolar circumference. For touch sensation, conventional mastectomy with innervated flap provided greater sensitivity than the other groups (P < 0.05). For pain sensation, conventional mastectomy with innervated flap provided greater sensitivity than the other groups (P< 0.05). In terms of short-term postoperative sensitivity, skin- and nipple-sparing mastectomies with abdominal flap appear inferior to conventional mastectomy with innervated abdominal flap.     

几种乳房再造术的临床应用体会

目的：探讨乳腺癌根治术后应用单纯假体植入、可扩张假体植入和带蒂腹部横形腹直肌肌皮瓣（TRAM）移植乳房再造的适应证、手术方法、手术效果。方法：本组共24例病例。14例乳腺癌患者行保留皮肤的乳腺癌根治术，Ⅰ期行假体植入乳房再造；6例采用改良乳腺癌根治可扩张假体植入Ⅰ期乳房再造；4例接受单蒂下腹部横形腹直肌肌皮瓣（TRAM）移植乳房再造手术，其中2例为Ⅰ期再造，另2例为Ⅱ期乳房再造。结果：手术效果较满意，2例出现轻微并发症，其中1例皮瓣局灶坏死，另1例出现乳头乳晕部分坏死。结论：单纯假体植入适用于乳房小，没有明显下垂的瘦小病人。优点是不增加额外瘢痕，术后恢复快；可扩张假体植入乳房再造适用于乳房大或改良乳腺癌根治术的患者，此法结合了单纯假体植入法和组织扩张的优点：TRAM皮瓣移植乳房再造的优点是自体组织移植，安全、手术效果好。