淫羊藿糖浆对家兔血浆睾酮水平的影响

为了探索淫羊藿糖浆对增强体能和消除运动性疲劳的作用机理，以雄性家兔为实验对象，通过观察服用淫羊藿糖浆后血睾酮的动态性变化，来阐明淫羊藿的某些药理作用。实验结果表明，淫羊藿糖浆能使雄性家兔血睾酮水平升高，约为对照组的２倍，但比肌肉注射丙酸睾丸酮组低。停药３天后，血睾酮水平均降至正常范围。说明淫羊藿能刺激家兔睾酮的分泌增加。     

正交试验结合血乳酸测定优选淫羊藿苷抗大鼠运动性疲劳方案

目的:优选淫羊藿苷辅助提高运动能力的最佳方案。方法:采用L9(34)正交设计,以游泳时间为指标,以淫羊藿苷的剂量、给药时刻及训练方法为因素,结合血乳酸水平,进行综合分析。结果:力竭游泳时间最长的为100 mg.kg-1、8∶00喂药及负重4%组,游泳时间最短的为30 mg.kg-1、15∶00喂药及负重2%组。血乳酸水平最高的为30 mg.kg-1、20∶00喂药及负重4%组,血乳酸水平最低的为100 mg.kg-1、15∶00喂药及无负重组。结论:优化的方案合理、易操作,为淫羊藿苷抗疲劳研究提供了一定的参考依据。     

HPLC法测定益肾灵口服液中淫羊藿苷的含量

目的 测定益肾灵口服液中淫羊藿苷的含量。方法 采用HPLC法,C18柱,流动相甲醇－四氢呋喃－水（24：16;60）,检测波长270nm。结果 淫羊藿苷在0．158－1．896μg范围内呈现良好的线性关系,r=0.9997,平均回收率为101．3％,RSD为1．86％（n=5)。结论 所建立的含量测定方法简单,准确,可作为该产品的质量控制方法。     

HPLC法测定前列舒乐颗粒中淫羊藿苷的含量

目的：建立ＨＰＬＣ法测定前列舒乐颗粒中淫羊藿苷的含量。方法：固定相：Ａｌｌｔｉｍａ Ｃ１８分析柱（２５０ｍｍ×４．６ｍｍ,５μｍ）,流动相：甲醇－０。５％醛酸（５５：４５）,检测波长：２７０ｎｍ,流速：１．０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,柱温：４０℃。结果：淫羊藿苷在０．１３１￣１．０４８μｇ范围内,线性关系良好,ｒ＝０．９９９９。平均回收率为９８．１２％,ＲＳＤ为０．６９％。结论：本法可用于前列舒乐颗粒中淫羊藿     

HPLC法测定葆元酒中淫羊藿苷含量

目的:建立葆元酒中淫羊藿苷的含量测定方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,反相C18柱,以乙腈-水(23:77)为流动相,流速:1.0ml/min;检测波长为270nm。结果:淫羊藿苷在0.1506～0.7530μg范围内具有良好线性关系,r=0.9997,精密度及回收率结果良好。结论:本法简单、方便,线性关系和重现性好,可有效地对本品进行质量控制。     

HPLC法测定金乌骨通胶囊中淫羊藿苷的含量

目的建立金乌骨通胶囊中淫羊藿苷的高效液相含量测定的方法。方法Kromasil-C18色谱柱（200mm×4.6mm,5μm）,以乙腈-水（30：70,用磷酸调pH值至3.5）为流动相,检测波长为270nm。结果淫羊藿苷进样量在0.25～2.5μg范围内,与吸收峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9999）。本方法的平均回收率为97.9%。结论本法测定金乌骨通胶囊中淫羊藿苷的含量,操作简单,结果准确,重复性好。     

HPLC法测定七子二仙胶囊中淫羊藿苷含量

目的　建立反相高效液相色谱法测定七子二仙胶囊中淫羊藿苷含量的方法。方法　样品经 70 %乙醇超声提取 ,SpherisorbC18色谱柱 ,0 .0 2mol·L-1磷酸盐 (用盐酸调节pH值至 3.0± 0 .1) -甲醇 (5 9∶4 0 )为流动相 ;检测波长为 2 70nm。结果　淫羊藿苷的线性范围为 1～ 30 0 μg·ml-1,r =0 .9996 ,最低检测浓度 0 .2 μg·ml-1,平均加样回收率 96 .6 % (n =5 )。结论　方法可靠 ,可用于七子二仙胶囊质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定附桂骨痛胶囊中淫羊藿苷的含量

目的建立HPLC方法测定附桂骨痛胶囊中淫羊藿苷的含量。方法色谱柱：Shim-pack VP-ODS（150mm×4.6mm I.D）;流动相：乙腈-水（25∶75）;流速为1.0ml/min;检测波长为270nm;柱温：室温。结果淫羊藿苷在20-160ng.ml-1（r=0.999 6,n=9）范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为100.4%,RSD为1.2%（n=6）。结论本法分离度好,快速,简便。可用于本制剂中淫羊藿苷的测定。     

星点设计-效应面法优化淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒制备工艺

目的采用星点设计-效应面法优化淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒制备工艺。方法采用高压乳匀法制备淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒,考察卵磷脂,F68,投药量对包封率,载药量以及药物利用率的影响,应用星点设计-效应面法优化处方工艺。结果采用二项式方程拟合实验结果,相关性较好(r>0.9),采用优化后处方条件对预测值进行验证,包封率为(93.09±0.13)%,载药量为(6.34±0.18)%,药物利用率为(84.53±2.45)%,与预测值偏差较小。结论采用星点设计-效应面法优化淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒处方工艺,快速简单,预测准确度高,是较为理想的处方设计及优化方法。     

涵水胶囊中淫羊藿苷的含量测定

目的建立涵水胶囊中淫羊藿苷含量测定方法。方法高效液相色谱法,AlltimaC18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水(25.4∶74.6)。柱温:30℃,流速:1ml/min,检测波长:270nm。结果淫羊藿苷在0.1208～0.604g范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),回收率101.3%,RSD=2.2%(n=5)。结论本方法简便、灵敏准确、重复性好,可用于控制涵水胶囊的质量。     

正交试验法优选F胶囊中人参总皂苷的提取工艺

 目的 优选F胶囊中人参总皂苷的提取工艺.方法 采用正交设计对人参总皂苷提取工艺进行优化,利用大孔吸附树脂分离方法,以比色法测定不同工艺提取物中人参总皂苷的含量.结果 人参总皂苷的最佳提取工艺为:60%乙醇,8倍量,提取3次,2 h/次.结论 此法简单、易行、方法重现性好,适用于工业化生产.     

赤丹退黄颗粒乙醇提取工艺正交试验研究

目的 为赤丹退黄颗粒提取工艺提供依据。方法 采用正交设计法，因素为溶剂用量、浓度、提取时间和次数，以芍药苷及出膏率指标综合分析。结果 最佳组合为A2B2C3D2，但考虑实际生产溶剂回收、降低成本、节约时间等因素，确定乙醇提取工艺为用5倍量的70％乙醇提取3次，每次2h，即A2B3C3D2。结论 提取时间对芍药苷和出膏率的影响最大，溶剂用量、浓度和提取次数三项水平间没有显性差异，特别是乙醇浓度在三水平间没有显性差异。     

正交设计优选白芷的渗漉法提取工艺

目的 优选白芷的渗漉法提取工艺.方法 以欧前胡素的含量为指标,应用正交试验设计筛选白芷的最佳提取工艺条件.结果 最佳提取工艺为A2B2C3D1,即用8倍量的70%乙醇浸泡24h,渗漉速度2m/mim.结论 优选得到的工艺稳定可行.     

Tooth shape reconstruction from dental CT images with the region-growing method

Objectives:

The three-dimensional shape information of teeth provides useful information. However, obtaining accurate three-dimensional shapes of teeth is difficult without extracting them physically. In this study, we aimed to develop a method for automatically extracting accurate three-dimensional shapes of teeth from dental CT images.

Methods:

The proposed method includes pre-processing and region extraction. Pre-processing is a combination of image-processing techniques that enhances tooth regions. In the region-extraction process, the region-growing method is introduced for extracting a region of each tooth. Constraint conditions determined by considering the characteristics of the structure of teeth are introduced for accurate extraction. Finally, morphological image processing is applied for eliminating discontinuous points.

Results:

We carried out an experiment in which the three-dimensional shapes of teeth were reconstructed from dental CT images. Quantitative evaluation was performed by measuring the three-dimensional spatial accordance rates between the region obtained by the proposed method and the manually extracted region. The proposed method was significantly more accurate than an existing method at the 5% level.

Conclusions:

The experimental results showed that the proposed method reconstructs the shapes of teeth with high precision. However, an unextracted region remained at the surface of the enamel. Solving this problem and improving the extraction accuracy are important topics for future work.     

正交实验法优化贞芪增免胶囊有效成分的提取工艺

目的以药材指标成分和出膏量为指标优选贞芪增免胶囊有效成分的提取工艺。方法以黄芪甲苷、阿魏酸为指标成分,采用正交实验法对贞芪增免胶囊有效成分的提取工艺进行优选。结果优选工艺为：黄芪等3味药材,采用回流法（8倍量70％乙醇,提取3次,每次1h）;当归等其它药材及醇提取后的药渣采用水煎煮法（10倍量水,提取3次,每次1h）。结论该工艺合理,有效成分提取率高。     

延胡索醇回流法与超声法提取工艺比较研究

目的探讨延胡索药粉超声波提取的可行性,为工业化生产提供依据。方法以延胡索乙素为评价指标,首 先采用正交设计试验法筛选延胡索药粉超声波提取与醇回流提取各自的最优工艺条件,再用配对t检验法分析实验数据。结 果延胡索醇超声提取最优工艺参数为：延胡索药粉加人50%乙醇浸泡30 min,50%乙醇体积为药材量的6倍,超声时间1.0h。延胡索醇回流提取最优工艺参数为：延胡索药粉加入50%乙醇浸泡30 min,50%乙醇体积为药材量的10倍,水浴回流时间1.0 h。延胡索药粉醇回流与超声提取差别有统计意义,回流提取优于超声提取。结论延胡索采用回流提取为佳,按最 优工艺条件提取,延胡索乙素含量最高。     

Computerized characterization of prostate cancer by fractal analysis in MR images

Purpose

To explore the potential of computerized characterization of prostate MR images by extracting the fractal features of texture and intensity distributions as indices in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Materials and Methods

MR T2‐weighted images (T2WI) of 55 patients with pathologic results detected by ultrasound guided biopsy were collected and then divided in two groups, 27 with prostate cancer (PCa) and 28 with no histological abnormality. Texture fractal dimension (TFD) and histogram fractal dimension (HFD) were calculated to analyze complexity features of regions of Interest (ROIs) selected from the peripheral zone. Two‐sample t‐tests were performed to evaluate group differences for both parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to estimate the performance of TFD and HFD for discriminating PCa.

Results

Significant differences were found in both TFD and HFD between the two patient groups. The areas under the ROC curves of TFD and HFD were 0.691 and 0.966, respectively, in distinguishing prostatic carcinoma from normal peripheral zone. As characterized by the fractal indices, cancerous prostatic tissue exhibited smoother texture and lower variation in intensity distribution than normal prostatic tissue.

Conclusion

The study suggests that TFD and HFD depict the changes in texture and intensity distribution associated with prostate cancer on T2WI. Both TFD and HFDprovide promising quantitative indices for cancer identification. HFD performs better than TFD offering a more robust MR‐based indicator in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:161–168. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Automatic method for tracing regions of interest in rat brain magnetic resonance imaging studies

Purpose

To automatically extract regions of interest (ROIs) and simultaneously preserve the anatomical characteristics of each individual, we developed a new atlas‐based method utilizing a pair of coregistered brain template and digital atlas.

Materials and Methods

Unlike the previous atlas‐based method, this method treats each individual as the target image, and the template and atlas are each transformed to register with the individual. To evaluate the accuracy of this method we implemented it in extracting the hippocampus from two groups of T₂‐weighted structural images with different spatial resolutions and a group of T₂*‐weighted functional images. Furthermore, the results were compared against a manually segmented hippocampus and an atlas‐derived hippocampus.

Results

Jaccard similarity (JS) reached 84.7%–90.5%, and relative error in volume (RV) was 4.8%–12.7%. The consistency observed between the results of the proposed method and manual drawing was therefore considerable.

Conclusion

We developed a new atlas‐based method for ROI extraction that can automatically extract ROI and simultaneously preserve each individual's unique anatomical characteristics. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:830–835. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Befundung in der Radiologie heute

Clinical/methodical issue

Reporting in radiology faces considerable changes in the near future that will be influenced by a broader understanding of the task and increasing technological possibilities.

Standard radiological methods

Until now a radiological report could be regarded as a text phrased by a radiologist after viewing imaging data.

Methodical innovations

New solutions will be accessed by advances in visualization of large datasets, in extracting, analyzing, and communicating metadata as well as by improved integration and interpretation of clinical information.

Performance

Virtual reality, texture analysis, growing networks, semantic annotation, data mining and context based presentation have the potential to extensively change the everyday working routine.

Achievements

Although many of these developments are still in a laboratory phase, the impact on the process of reporting can already be predicted.

Practical recommendations

As the leading community in information analysis and technology, radiology as a subject should strive to lead and shape these impending changes.     

竹节人参提取工艺的正交设计试验

目的 探讨竹节人参的最佳提取条件.方法 以正交试验对竹节人参的提取条件进行优化,以Rb1为参考指标,考察乙醇的浓度(A),提取时间(B),提取剂的量(C),硫酸的比例(D)对提取效率的影响.结果 竹节人参的最佳提取工艺是加15倍量25%的乙醇,硫酸的比例为7%,提取3个小时.结论 该工艺合理,可为竹节人参提取工艺的确定提供实验依据.